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Dr. José Joaquín Muros
University of Granada (Spain)

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Article
Published: 26 July 2021 in Scientific Reports
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There is a lack of sufficient information on the dietary intake and nutritional supplementation of recreational endurance athletes throughout the year. The present observational study sought to assess the dietary intake and nutritional supplementation habits of recreational cyclists and triathletes from Spain. 4,037 cyclists and triathletes completed self-report measures. Nutritional profiles were developed and differences were examined according to sporting discipline and gender. Differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U or chi-squared test. Next, micro- and macro-nutrients were grouped according to whether or not guideline intake amounts were met. The clustering of dietary habits was then examined via K-means cluster analysis. Triathletes took more supplements than cyclists (X2 = 36.489; p value = .000) and females took more supplements than males (X2 = 5.920; p value = .017). Females and triathletes reported greater protein and CHO consumption than males and cyclists, respectively. Triathletes also reported a higher consumption of total fat, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, DHA and fibre. Females and triathletes tended to consume more vitamins and minerals than males and cyclists, respectively. Two main dietary habit clusters emerged which may be used to inform nutritional interventions targeting recreational athletes not meeting nutritional requirements. There is an imbalance in the main nutrients making up the diet of recreational Spanish athletes, characterised by insufficient CHO and excessive protein.

ACS Style

José J. Muros; Emily Knox; Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira; José Á. Rufián-Henares; Mikel Zabala. Profiles for identifying problematic dietary habits in a sample of recreational Spanish cyclists and triathletes. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -10.

AMA Style

José J. Muros, Emily Knox, Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira, José Á. Rufián-Henares, Mikel Zabala. Profiles for identifying problematic dietary habits in a sample of recreational Spanish cyclists and triathletes. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José J. Muros; Emily Knox; Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira; José Á. Rufián-Henares; Mikel Zabala. 2021. "Profiles for identifying problematic dietary habits in a sample of recreational Spanish cyclists and triathletes." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-10.

Article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Current Psychology
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The present research aims to analyse the psychometric properties of the AF5 questionnaire for its adaptation for use with young people during a lockdown period. Research was conducted with a sample of 534 students aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.49; SD = 1.805). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the FACTOR program and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the M-PLUS 7 program. Results indicate that a four-dimensional model is most appropriate for bringing together the emotional and physical dimensions. Further, 11 items were removed due to poor factor loadings. The majority of factors were directly and positively correlated (99%; p < .01). The data obtained supports conclusions that the AF-5 meets validity and reliability requirements for it to be considered a useful instrument for use with young people during the COVID-19 lockdown period.

ACS Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; David Lindell-Postigo; Gabriel González-Valero; Pilar Puertas-Molero; Manuel Ortiz-Franco; José Joaquín Muros. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the five-factor self-concept questionnaire (AF-5) in Spanish students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Current Psychology 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega, David Lindell-Postigo, Gabriel González-Valero, Pilar Puertas-Molero, Manuel Ortiz-Franco, José Joaquín Muros. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the five-factor self-concept questionnaire (AF-5) in Spanish students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Current Psychology. 2021; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; David Lindell-Postigo; Gabriel González-Valero; Pilar Puertas-Molero; Manuel Ortiz-Franco; José Joaquín Muros. 2021. "Analysis of the psychometric properties of the five-factor self-concept questionnaire (AF-5) in Spanish students during the COVID-19 lockdown." Current Psychology , no. : 1-10.

Preprint content
Published: 26 February 2021
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Background There is a lack of sufficient information on the dietary intake and nutritional supplementation of recreational endurance athletes throughout the year. The present observational study sought to assess the dietary intake and nutritional supplementation habits of recreational cyclists and triathletes from Spain. Methods 4,037 cyclists and triathletes completed self-report measures. Nutritional profiles were developed and differences were examined according to sporting discipline and gender. Differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U or chi-squared test. Next, micro- and macro-nutrients were grouped according to whether or not guideline intake amounts were met. The clustering of dietary habits was then examined via K-means cluster analysis. Results Triathletes took more supplements than cyclists (X2 = 36.489; p value = .000) and females took more supplements than males (X2 = 5.920; p value = .017). Females and triathletes reported greater protein and CHO consumption than males and cyclists, respectively. Triathletes also reported a higher consumption of total fat, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, DHA and fibre. Females and triathletes tended to consume more vitamins and minerals than males and cyclists, respectively. Two main dietary habit clusters emerged which may be used to inform nutritional interventions targeting recreational athletes not meeting nutritional requirements. Conclusions There is an imbalance in the main nutrients making up the diet of recreational Spanish athletes, characterised by insufficient CHO and excessive protein.

ACS Style

José J. Muros; Emily Knox; Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira; José Á. Rufián-Henares; Mikel Zabala. Profiles for Identifying Problematic Dietary Habits in a Sample of Recreational Spanish Cyclists and Triathletes. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

José J. Muros, Emily Knox, Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira, José Á. Rufián-Henares, Mikel Zabala. Profiles for Identifying Problematic Dietary Habits in a Sample of Recreational Spanish Cyclists and Triathletes. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José J. Muros; Emily Knox; Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira; José Á. Rufián-Henares; Mikel Zabala. 2021. "Profiles for Identifying Problematic Dietary Habits in a Sample of Recreational Spanish Cyclists and Triathletes." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity
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Los programas de intervención orientados hacia hábitos de vida saludables son cada vez más imprescindibles en la sociedad actual, siendo las poblaciones jóvenes los principales interesados en los mismos, por tanto, se presenta un estudio de revisión de literatura, con los objetivos de realizar una revisión teórica de artículos relacionados con programas de salud y localizar y analizar un programa de salud en cada una de las provincias de España. Los criterios de inclusión fueron que se tratase de estudios realizados en España, que fuesen de los 10 últimos años, que se hubiese desarrollado un programa de intervención y que se encontrasen en revistas indexadas en SCOPUS o Web of Science. Como resultados principales se debe señalar que los programas de salud se hallan reflejados en todas las provincias de España y en todos los casos se ha detectado al menos un estudio en los últimos diez años. Se puede concluir señalando como en todas las provincias de España hay un interés por determinar aspectos relacionados con la salud.

ACS Style

Federico Salvador Pérez; José Joaquín Muros Molina; Vanesa María Gámiz Sánchez; Félix Zurita Ortega. Revisión teórica de programas de educación para la salud en España. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity 2021, 7, 1 -24.

AMA Style

Federico Salvador Pérez, José Joaquín Muros Molina, Vanesa María Gámiz Sánchez, Félix Zurita Ortega. Revisión teórica de programas de educación para la salud en España. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity. 2021; 7 (1):1-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Salvador Pérez; José Joaquín Muros Molina; Vanesa María Gámiz Sánchez; Félix Zurita Ortega. 2021. "Revisión teórica de programas de educación para la salud en España." Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity 7, no. 1: 1-24.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Journal of Eating Disorders
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Background During recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of eating disorders within sports practitioners, with prevalence being reported to be higher than in the general population. The aim of this study was to describe and predict eating disorders according to sex, body mass index, age and sport discipline within a sample of athletes. Methods A sample of 4037 cyclists and triathletes from across Spain was selected. Athletes self-reported demographic characteristics and completed the revised restraint scale, SCOFF questionnaire and Mediterranean diet adherence screener. To be eligible for inclusion, participants had to be over eighteen years old. Results Males were significantly less likely than females (p < 0.001; OR = 0.33), and triathletes (p < 0.01; OR = 0.76) were less likely than cyclists to suffer from an eating disorder. Possibility of suffering from an eating disorder increased with increasing body mass index (p < 0.001; OR = 1.38) and decreasing age (p < 0.001; OR = 0.97). Conclusion Findings suggest that the roles of sex, sport discipline, age and body mass index predict risk factors for eating disorders in a sample of Spanish athletes. Clinical diagnosis seems necessary to better understand the factors and mechanisms at play when Spanish athletes develop an eating disorder. Trial registration Ethics Committee of the University of Granada (N°883) data: 16/11/2015.

ACS Style

José J. Muros; Ángela Ávila-Alche; Emily Knox; Mikel Zabala. Likelihood of suffering from an eating disorder in a sample of Spanish cyclists and triathletes. Journal of Eating Disorders 2020, 8, 1 -7.

AMA Style

José J. Muros, Ángela Ávila-Alche, Emily Knox, Mikel Zabala. Likelihood of suffering from an eating disorder in a sample of Spanish cyclists and triathletes. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2020; 8 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José J. Muros; Ángela Ávila-Alche; Emily Knox; Mikel Zabala. 2020. "Likelihood of suffering from an eating disorder in a sample of Spanish cyclists and triathletes." Journal of Eating Disorders 8, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The first aim of the present work was to examine the effects of a physical activity sports program, specifically Kin-Ball, within a group of individuals with intellectual disabilities, on decreasing sedentary behavior and improving basic physical skills. The second aim was to evaluate social validity and acceptability of the intervention. In this pre-experimental study, 47 individuals participated (46.8% male and 53.2% female) with an average age of 29.85 (SD = 10.41). All participants were administered an intervention program based on the alternative sport of Kin-Ball. BMI was calculated for body composition and age-related Z-scores were interpreted with the tables provided by the WHO. Endurance was measured through a modified six-minute test, speed was analyzed using a 50 m test, and strength was estimated according to a hand-grip dynamometer. Likewise, balance and coordination were examined in line with adaptations proposed by the scientific literature. Results indicated that all cases experienced statistically significant differences following the intervention program (p = 0.000). Improvement effects were detected in all post-intervention tests (endurance, strength, speed, balance, and coordination). As a main conclusion, it is indicated that an alternative sports-based program improves physical ability and motor skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities.

ACS Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; José Luis Ubago-Jiménez; Pilar Puertas-Molero; Irwin Andrés Ramírez-Granizo; José Joaquín Muros; Gabriel González-Valero. Effects of an Alternative Sports Program Using Kin-Ball in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5296 .

AMA Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega, José Luis Ubago-Jiménez, Pilar Puertas-Molero, Irwin Andrés Ramírez-Granizo, José Joaquín Muros, Gabriel González-Valero. Effects of an Alternative Sports Program Using Kin-Ball in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; José Luis Ubago-Jiménez; Pilar Puertas-Molero; Irwin Andrés Ramírez-Granizo; José Joaquín Muros; Gabriel González-Valero. 2020. "Effects of an Alternative Sports Program Using Kin-Ball in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5296.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of the present study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of elite male young runners (EYR), and to compare these variables according to the specialty in which they engaged (middle-distance vs. long-distance). This will enable an anthropometric profile chart to be established for them. Ninety EYR aged 17 to 23 years (18.4 ± 2.0) participated in the study. Athletes were divided into two groups according to the event in which they participated: middle-distance runners (MDR, n = 56) and long-distance runners (LDR, n = 34). Sixteen anthropometric variables were recorded for each participant: Weight, height, eight skinfolds, four girths, and two breadths. Body mass index (BMI), body composition and somatotype were calculated. Comparing MDR with the group of LDR, significant differences were found to exist for height, weight, relaxed upper arm girth, flexed and tensed upper arm girth, total upper arm area, upper arm muscle area, and thigh muscle area. No significant differences were observed in the other variables. MDR are taller, heavier and have larger girths than LDR. Coaches and sports scientists can use the data obtained to better control training, as well as for talent identification and athlete selection.

ACS Style

Cristóbal Sánchez Muñoz; José J. Muros; Óscar López Belmonte; Mikel Zabala. Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition and Somatotype of Elite Male Young Runners. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 674 .

AMA Style

Cristóbal Sánchez Muñoz, José J. Muros, Óscar López Belmonte, Mikel Zabala. Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition and Somatotype of Elite Male Young Runners. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):674.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristóbal Sánchez Muñoz; José J. Muros; Óscar López Belmonte; Mikel Zabala. 2020. "Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition and Somatotype of Elite Male Young Runners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 674.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aims of this study were to describe and compare the anthropometric and physical fitness attributes of male padel players according to their competitive level, and to establish a functional anthropometric and physical profile. A total of 60 males participated in the present study. Athletes were grouped according to competition level, forming an elite group (n = 25) and a subelite group (n = 35). Anthropometric variables, hand grip and lumbar isometric strength, flexibility, and lower-body muscular strength were measured. Elite padel players were significantly older and showed significantly lower values for the thigh and calf skinfolds, the sum of six and eight skinfolds, and the sum of lower-limb skinfolds than the subelite group. Elite padel players also had significantly lower values than subelite players for body fat percentage and thigh fat area, whilst showing significantly higher values for lumbar isometric strength. Somatotype of the elite padel players could be defined as endo-mesomorphic. Results suggest that training and talent identification of padel players should focus on their anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness, with these being different between elite and subelite athletes. Normative data could help coaches throughout the talent identification process and in the design of training programs when seeking to optimise sports performance.

ACS Style

Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz; José Joaquín Muros; Jerónimo Cañas; Javier Courel-Ibáñez; Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz; Mikel Zabala. Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Profiles of World-Class Male Padel Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 508 .

AMA Style

Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz, José Joaquín Muros, Jerónimo Cañas, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz, Mikel Zabala. Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Profiles of World-Class Male Padel Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz; José Joaquín Muros; Jerónimo Cañas; Javier Courel-Ibáñez; Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz; Mikel Zabala. 2020. "Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Profiles of World-Class Male Padel Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 508.

Scholarlyarticle
Published: 11 October 2019 in Journal of the Endocrine Society
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ObjectiveThe interaction between thyroid status and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is complex. We assessed the effect of autoimmune hypothyroidism (ATD) in female children on BAT activation, measured using infrared thermography.DesignTwenty-six female participants (14 with ATD and 12 healthy controls) between 5 and 17 years of age attended a single study session. Thermal images were taken of the supraclavicular region before, and after, the introduction of a cool stimulus.ResultsParticipants with ATD had lower resting (hypothyroid, 34.9 ± 0.7°C; control, 35.4 ± 0.5°C; P = 0.03) and stimulated (hypothyroid, 35.0 ± 0.6°C; control, 35.5 ± 0.5°C; P = 0.04) supraclavicular temperatures compared with controls, but there was no difference between groups in the temperature increase with stimulation. BAT activation, calculated as the relative temperature change comparing the supraclavicular temperature to a sternal reference region, was reduced in participants with ATD (hypothyroid, 0.1 ± 0.1°C; control, 0.2 ± 0.2°C; P = 0.04). Children with ATD were frequently biochemically euthyroid due to replacement therapy, but, despite this, increased relative supraclavicular temperature was closely associated with increased TSH (r = 0.7, P = 0.01) concentrations.ConclusionsGirls with ATD had an attenuated thermogenic response to cold stimulation compared with healthy controls, but, contrary to expectation, those with suboptimal biochemical control (with higher TSH) showed increased BAT activation. This suggests that the underlying disease process may have a negative effect on BAT response, but high levels of TSH can mitigate, and even stimulate, BAT activity. In summary, thyroid status is a complex determinant of BAT activity in girls with ATD.

ACS Style

James M Law; David E Morris; Valerie Astle; Ellie Finn; José Joaquín Muros; Lindsay J Robinson; Tabitha Randell; Louise Denvir; Michael E Symonds; Helen Budge. Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Cold Stimulation Is Reduced in Girls With Autoimmune Hypothyroidism. Journal of the Endocrine Society 2019, 3, 2411 -2426.

AMA Style

James M Law, David E Morris, Valerie Astle, Ellie Finn, José Joaquín Muros, Lindsay J Robinson, Tabitha Randell, Louise Denvir, Michael E Symonds, Helen Budge. Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Cold Stimulation Is Reduced in Girls With Autoimmune Hypothyroidism. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2019; 3 (12):2411-2426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James M Law; David E Morris; Valerie Astle; Ellie Finn; José Joaquín Muros; Lindsay J Robinson; Tabitha Randell; Louise Denvir; Michael E Symonds; Helen Budge. 2019. "Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Cold Stimulation Is Reduced in Girls With Autoimmune Hypothyroidism." Journal of the Endocrine Society 3, no. 12: 2411-2426.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2019 in Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
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In childhood and adolescence an adequate mineral intake is essential for normal growth and immune function, and to prevent chronic diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study was to analyse the dietary intake of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu in children and adolescents from an orphanage-school in Guatemala and to assess the mineral contribution of nutritional supplements used by this population. Mineral content was analysed in nutritional supplements, bioaccesible fractions obtained after an in vitro gastrointestinal method, and diets sampled by a 7-day duplicate diet study. The average mineral content in the duplicate diets, including supplements, was (mg/d): Ca 452, Mg 230, Fe 25, Zn 8 and Cu 0.22. Especially Ca and Cu values were below recommended daily intakes. The content of these minerals in the nutritional supplements (mg/serving) was 49-112 for Ca, 1.2-3.8 for Fe, 24-47 for Mg, 0.7-4.16 for Zn and 0.08-0.23 for Cu. A great proportion of dietary minerals was provided by supplements, the contribution of which was: Ca 53.1%, Mg 58.4%, Fe 27.6%. Zn 82.2% and Cu 98.5%. Mineral bioaccessibility in supplements was particularly low for Ca and, to a lesser extent, for Fe and Zn. In spite of the high supplement consumption (up to 4 servings/d) important mineral deficiencies were detected in the diet of institutionalised children. Findings suggest that formulation and nutritional values of supplements used in Latin America should be carefully reviewed, in order to be a useful tool in the prevention and treatment of hidden hunger.

ACS Style

José Joaquín Muros; Carmen Cabrera-Vique; Mercedes Briones; Isabel Seiquer. Assessing the dietary intake of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper in institutionalised children and adolescents from Guatemala. Contribution of nutritional supplements. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2019, 53, 91 -97.

AMA Style

José Joaquín Muros, Carmen Cabrera-Vique, Mercedes Briones, Isabel Seiquer. Assessing the dietary intake of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper in institutionalised children and adolescents from Guatemala. Contribution of nutritional supplements. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2019; 53 ():91-97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Joaquín Muros; Carmen Cabrera-Vique; Mercedes Briones; Isabel Seiquer. 2019. "Assessing the dietary intake of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper in institutionalised children and adolescents from Guatemala. Contribution of nutritional supplements." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 53, no. : 91-97.

Research article
Published: 26 November 2018 in PLoS ONE
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Resilience is a psychological characteristic which enhances personal assets and protects individuals from potential negative effects of various stressors. While this topic has been considered in the separate context of sports injuries and anxiety states, these issues have rarely been considered together. The objective of this study is to analyse the association between motivation to overcome injuries in football and the state of anxiety caused by those injuries. One hundred and eighty-five footballers from Spain were analysed by way of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires, and an injury self-registration sheet. Statistical analyses were performed using structural equations. Results showed a direct and positive relationship between the capacity to face up to injuries or potential injuries and to adapt successfully to them for injured footballers, especially when anxiety was considered as a transitory emotional state. In addition, this relationship was stronger in non-injured sportspersons because their resilience capacity was not being impaired by the experience of an injury.

ACS Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; Ramón Chacón-Cuberos; Cristian Cofre-Bolados; Emily Knox; José Joaquín Muros. Relationship of resilience, anxiety and injuries in footballers: Structural equations analysis. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0207860 .

AMA Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega, Ramón Chacón-Cuberos, Cristian Cofre-Bolados, Emily Knox, José Joaquín Muros. Relationship of resilience, anxiety and injuries in footballers: Structural equations analysis. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13 (11):e0207860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; Ramón Chacón-Cuberos; Cristian Cofre-Bolados; Emily Knox; José Joaquín Muros. 2018. "Relationship of resilience, anxiety and injuries in footballers: Structural equations analysis." PLoS ONE 13, no. 11: e0207860.

Comparative study
Published: 11 October 2018 in Nutrients
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has rapidly declined in Mediterranean countries due to the increasing introduction of the Western diet. The aim of this study was to describe adherence to the MD within a sample of athletes from Spain. A second aim was to predict adherence to various components of the MD according to region, sex, and sport discipline. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 4037 (34.14 ± 9.28 years old) cyclists and triathletes (men: 90.1%). Participants self-reported their sex, date of birth, the number of years they had been practicing their sport, height, weight, sport discipline (cyclist, triathlon), and region. Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) was used to determine level of adherence to the MD. Women reported a higher MEDAS score and body mass index (BMI) (p ˂ 0.000) than men. Cyclists reported a lower MEDAS score (7.44, SD 2.12 vs. 7.85, SD 2.08), and older age (37.72, SD 9.67 vs. 34.54, SD 8.58) and BMI (23.74, SD 2.69) vs. 22.85, SD 2.28) than triathletes. The study showed that a large proportion of the surveyed athletic population were not meeting the MD guidelines, with particularly low consumption amongst men and cyclists. There were no regional effects. Nutritional guidelines for athletes should be individual rather than general and follow specifications identified by the present research.

ACS Style

José Joaquín Muros; Mikel Zabala. Differences in Mediterranean Diet Adherence between Cyclists and Triathletes in a Sample of Spanish Athletes. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1480 .

AMA Style

José Joaquín Muros, Mikel Zabala. Differences in Mediterranean Diet Adherence between Cyclists and Triathletes in a Sample of Spanish Athletes. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (10):1480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Joaquín Muros; Mikel Zabala. 2018. "Differences in Mediterranean Diet Adherence between Cyclists and Triathletes in a Sample of Spanish Athletes." Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1480.

Comparative study
Published: 26 July 2018 in Nutrients
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(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and to examine the relationship between MD adherence, physical activity, self-concept, and other sociodemographic factors; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study (N = 597; 18.99 ± 0.64 years) was conducted in a sample of university students from Ceuta, Melilla, and Granada (Spain). Religious beliefs and place of residence were directly reported, while physical activity and adherence to the MD were self-reported using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) respectively. Self-concept was evaluated using the Five-Factor Self-Concept Scale; (3) Results: Of those students reporting high levels of habitual physical activity, 82.3% also reported high adherence to the MD, with 17.7% reporting a medium adherence. Of students reporting no physical activity, 25.7% also reported medium adherence to the MD. No significant associations were found between the MD and religious beliefs. It was observed that the university campus was associated with the level of adherence to the MD (p = 0.030), with adherence being lowest in Ceuta and Melilla. Finally, the MD was associated with academic (p = 0.001) and physical self-concept (p = 0.005); 4) Conclusions: The MD should be promoted to university students, particularly those studying at Ceuta and Melilla, given the present findings of lower MD adherence. In addition, as higher MD adherence was also highlighted with more positive self-concept, its promotion would be beneficial in wider educational contexts.

ACS Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; Silvia San Román-Mata; Ramón Chacón-Cuberos; Manuel Castro-Sánchez; José Joaquín Muros. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Physical Activity, Self-Concept and Sociodemographic Factors in University Student. Nutrients 2018, 10, 966 .

AMA Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega, Silvia San Román-Mata, Ramón Chacón-Cuberos, Manuel Castro-Sánchez, José Joaquín Muros. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Physical Activity, Self-Concept and Sociodemographic Factors in University Student. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (8):966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Félix Zurita-Ortega; Silvia San Román-Mata; Ramón Chacón-Cuberos; Manuel Castro-Sánchez; José Joaquín Muros. 2018. "Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Physical Activity, Self-Concept and Sociodemographic Factors in University Student." Nutrients 10, no. 8: 966.

Original article
Published: 05 July 2018 in European Journal of Sport Science
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The aim of this study was to quantify the food intake of an International Cyclist Union (UCI) World Tour professional cyclist team and to analyse changes in body composition during the Tour of Spain. Nine male professional road cyclists (31.3 ± 3.0 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Nutritional data were collected each day throughout the 3-week Tour by two trained investigators who weighed the food ingested by the cyclists. Mean nutritional intake of the cyclists was as follows: carbohydrate, 12.5 ± 1.8 g/kg/day of body weight (BW) (65.0 ± 5.9%); fat, 1.5 ± 0.5 g/kg/day BW (17.9 ± 5.6%); and protein, 3.3 ± 0.3 g/kg/day BW (17.1 ± 1.6%). Intake of all micronutrients, except for folate, vitamin D and potassium (which were 78.7%, 46% and 84% of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), respectively), exceeded the RDA. Height, weight, skinfolds, circumferences and diameters were taken following the guidelines outlined by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Body density, body fat percentage, muscle mass, total muscle mass and fat mass of the arms and thighs were calculated. Percentage body fat, fat mass and upper arm fat mass significantly decreased (p < .05) after the Tour independent of the equation method used in the calculations. Total muscle mass remained unchanged. Generally, this sample of cyclists consumed more protein and less fat than the recommended amount and had low weight, BMI and fat mass. It is suggested that sports nutritionists design personalised diets in order to maintain a correct proportion of nutrients as well as controlling possible anthropometrical changes that could affect performance.

ACS Style

José Joaquín Muros; Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz; Jesús Hoyos; Mikel Zabala. Nutritional intake and body composition changes in a UCI World Tour cycling team during the Tour of Spain. European Journal of Sport Science 2018, 19, 86 -94.

AMA Style

José Joaquín Muros, Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz, Jesús Hoyos, Mikel Zabala. Nutritional intake and body composition changes in a UCI World Tour cycling team during the Tour of Spain. European Journal of Sport Science. 2018; 19 (1):86-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Joaquín Muros; Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz; Jesús Hoyos; Mikel Zabala. 2018. "Nutritional intake and body composition changes in a UCI World Tour cycling team during the Tour of Spain." European Journal of Sport Science 19, no. 1: 86-94.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2018 in Nutrición Hospitalaria
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ResumenIntroducción: La etapa escolar representa un periodo de riesgo en el desarrollo de hábitos como el ocio digital sedentario, el cual favorece patologías futuras como la obesidad. La práctica de actividad física y el nivel de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea permiten su prevención, siendo esencial promover climas motivacionales hacia el deporte que favorezcan un estilo de vida saludable.Material y métodos: El presente estudio, realizado en una muestra de 692 escolares de la provincia de Granada, tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que permita analizar las relaciones entre clima motivacional, hábitos físico-saludables y capacidad aeróbica máxima. Como principales instrumentos se emplean los cuestionarios PMCSQ-2, KIDMED, PAQ-C y CERV.Resultados: Los resultados muestran una relación directa entre la práctica de AF y el Clima Tarea y Ego. La realización de AF correlacionó positivamente con el uso de videojuegos y con la potencia aeróbica máxima. El uso problemático de videojuegos se asoció positivamente con el Clima Ego y negativamente con el nivel de adherencia a la DM. Finalmente, el Clima Ego mostró una relación directa con el nivel de adherencia a la DM.Conclusión: La práctica de actividad física orientada a la tarea favorece la consecución de un estilo de vida activo, el cual mejora la capacidad aeróbica máxima, disminuye el ocio digital sedentario y se asocia a una mejor dieta. Las metas orientadas al ego también favorecen la calidad de la dieta, revelando la necesidad de promover una práctica físico-deportiva que favorezca motivaciones intrínsecas y extrínsecas.

ACS Style

Ramón Chacón Cuberos; Jose Joaquín Muros Molina; Javier Cachón Zagalaz; María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez; Manuel Castro Sánchez; Félix Zurita Ortega. Actividad física, dieta mediterránea, capacidad aeróbica y clima motivacional hacia el deporte en escolares de la provincia de Granada: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Nutrición Hospitalaria 2018, 35, 774 -781.

AMA Style

Ramón Chacón Cuberos, Jose Joaquín Muros Molina, Javier Cachón Zagalaz, María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez, Manuel Castro Sánchez, Félix Zurita Ortega. Actividad física, dieta mediterránea, capacidad aeróbica y clima motivacional hacia el deporte en escolares de la provincia de Granada: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2018; 35 (4):774-781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramón Chacón Cuberos; Jose Joaquín Muros Molina; Javier Cachón Zagalaz; María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez; Manuel Castro Sánchez; Félix Zurita Ortega. 2018. "Actividad física, dieta mediterránea, capacidad aeróbica y clima motivacional hacia el deporte en escolares de la provincia de Granada: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales." Nutrición Hospitalaria 35, no. 4: 774-781.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2018 in Sustainability
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(1) Background: Several studies have shown how certain types of motivation for sports can favour healthy habits or can cause risk behaviours. (2) Methods: The aim of this study was to establish and verify an explanatory model for motivational climate in sport which considers other possible influential variables related to health. This research was conducted with a sample of 490 university students from Spain. The 33-item Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2) was used to assess perceived motivational climate. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Questionnaire of Experiences Related to Video Games (QERV), the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), and the KIDMED test were used to assess healthy habits; (3) Results: Findings revealed that task-involved climate and ego-involved climate were both positively associated with physical activity with the strongest relationship emerging for a task-involved climate. Furthermore, task climate was positively associated with a good adherence to a Mediterranean diet. A direct relationship was found between ego climate and alcohol intake and problematic use of video games; (4) Conclusions: The findings imply that students who have greater intrinsic motivation to participate in sport and perceive a task-involved climate also report healthier habits. This highlights the importance of creating task-involved motivational climates in sport and physical education lessons.

ACS Style

Ramón Chacón Cuberos; Félix Zurita Ortega; Pilar Puertas Molero; Emily Knox; Cristián Cofré Bolados; Virginia Viciana Garófano; José Joaquín Muros Molina. Relationship between Healthy Habits and Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport among University Students: A Structural Equation Model. Sustainability 2018, 10, 938 .

AMA Style

Ramón Chacón Cuberos, Félix Zurita Ortega, Pilar Puertas Molero, Emily Knox, Cristián Cofré Bolados, Virginia Viciana Garófano, José Joaquín Muros Molina. Relationship between Healthy Habits and Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport among University Students: A Structural Equation Model. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):938.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramón Chacón Cuberos; Félix Zurita Ortega; Pilar Puertas Molero; Emily Knox; Cristián Cofré Bolados; Virginia Viciana Garófano; José Joaquín Muros Molina. 2018. "Relationship between Healthy Habits and Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport among University Students: A Structural Equation Model." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 938.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2018 in Sustainability
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(1) Background: Different authors have established that each type of motivation to sports can favor healthy habits in men and women, being important to promote more self-determined motivations. (2) Methods: The present study was designed to assess selected psychometric properties of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and study the relationship between motivational climate, physical activity and gender in adolescents. Research was conducted with a sample of 2134 Spanish children (12.5 ± 1.4 years). (3) Results: The final scale was formed of two factors. The fit of factor 1 (ego climate) was 0.867, the fit for factor 2 was 0.851 (task climate) and the overall fit was 0.765. Structural equation modelling identified a negative relationship between ego climate and task climate. This relationship was strong in women. A direct relationship was found between the ego climate and task climate in relation to physical activity in men and women. Nevertheless, this positive relationship was stronger in men. (4) Conclusions: PMCSQ-2 test is a good instrument to measure the motivation towards sports practice. Moreover, it is important to promote adaptive types of motivation in physical education classes in order to generate pleasure for learning and long-term physical activity engagement.

ACS Style

Félix Zurita Ortega; Manuel Castro Sánchez; Ramón Chacón Cuberos; Javier Cachón Zagalaz; Cristian Cofré Bolados; Emily Knox; José Joaquín Muros. Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and Its Relationship to Physical Activity and Gender Using Structural Equation Modelling. Sustainability 2018, 10, 632 .

AMA Style

Félix Zurita Ortega, Manuel Castro Sánchez, Ramón Chacón Cuberos, Javier Cachón Zagalaz, Cristian Cofré Bolados, Emily Knox, José Joaquín Muros. Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and Its Relationship to Physical Activity and Gender Using Structural Equation Modelling. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Félix Zurita Ortega; Manuel Castro Sánchez; Ramón Chacón Cuberos; Javier Cachón Zagalaz; Cristian Cofré Bolados; Emily Knox; José Joaquín Muros. 2018. "Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and Its Relationship to Physical Activity and Gender Using Structural Equation Modelling." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 632.

Original article
Published: 14 August 2017 in Journal of Public Health
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Healthy habits are influenced by several factors such as geographical location. The aims of this study were to describe and compare healthy habits within two populations of sixth-grade primary school children (aged 11–12 years) from northern and southern Spain. A cross-sectional study using two representative samples of school children was conducted. Participants came from Logroño (n = 329) in the north and Granada (n = 284) in the south of Spain. Socio-demographic and anthropometric variables, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, aerobic fitness, and healthy lifestyles were recorded. Boys reported a higher level of physical activity and aerobic fitness than girls (p = 0.000). Southern school children reported significantly higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (♀: p = 0.041; ♂: p = 0.008), lower aerobic fitness (♀: p = 0.000; ♂: p = 0.042) and hours of nightly sleep (♀: p = 0.008, ♂: p = 0.007) than northern school children. Southern boys also reported lower levels of physical activity (p = 0.013). There were slight or moderate correlations among all habits measured (physical activity, diet, screen and sleep time). Additionally, the physical activity level was inversely related to weight status. Overweight and obese northern boys reported less physical activity than healthy-weight northern boys (p = 0.020) and overweight and obese southern girls reported less physical activity than healthy-weight southern girls (p = 0.024). Results showed differences in physical activity, eating and sleep habits, and aerobic fitness according to geographical location. The relationships found among lifestyle habits indicate the need for health promotion interventions nationally and considering the differences discussed here.

ACS Style

Daniel Arriscado; Emily Knox; Mikel Zabala; Félix Zurita-Ortega; Jose Maria Dalmau; Jose Joaquin Muros. Different healthy habits between northern and southern Spanish school children. Journal of Public Health 2017, 25, 653 -660.

AMA Style

Daniel Arriscado, Emily Knox, Mikel Zabala, Félix Zurita-Ortega, Jose Maria Dalmau, Jose Joaquin Muros. Different healthy habits between northern and southern Spanish school children. Journal of Public Health. 2017; 25 (6):653-660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Arriscado; Emily Knox; Mikel Zabala; Félix Zurita-Ortega; Jose Maria Dalmau; Jose Joaquin Muros. 2017. "Different healthy habits between northern and southern Spanish school children." Journal of Public Health 25, no. 6: 653-660.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Jornal de Pediatria
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Physical activity, body mass index, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are important components to consider when targeting improvements in the health-related quality of life of adolescents, with physical activity representing the component with the greatest influence.

ACS Style

José J. Muros; Federico Salvador Perez; Félix Zurita Ortega; Vanesa M. Gámez Sánchez; Emily Knox. The association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and health-related quality of life among adolescents. Jornal de Pediatria 2017, 93, 406 -412.

AMA Style

José J. Muros, Federico Salvador Perez, Félix Zurita Ortega, Vanesa M. Gámez Sánchez, Emily Knox. The association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and health-related quality of life among adolescents. Jornal de Pediatria. 2017; 93 (4):406-412.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José J. Muros; Federico Salvador Perez; Félix Zurita Ortega; Vanesa M. Gámez Sánchez; Emily Knox. 2017. "The association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and health-related quality of life among adolescents." Jornal de Pediatria 93, no. 4: 406-412.

Original article
Published: 06 March 2017 in European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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The present research examined the association of Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity with self-esteem through five components of health-related quality of life. Data were collected from 456 adolescents attending one of five schools in Granada, Spain using a cluster-randomised design. Participants completed questionnaires on Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity, self-esteem and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Models were constructed to identify associations between Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity on self-esteem. Mediational analysis using bootstrapped confidence intervals examined possible mediation by five components of HRQoL. Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity engagement were associated with four components of HRQoL: more positive physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, family relationships and autonomy support and perceptions of the school environment. Both lifestyle behaviours were positively associated with self-esteem. Both relationships were mediated through positive psychological wellbeing and perceptions of the school environment. Physical wellbeing was also a mediator of the relationship between physical activity and self-esteem. Conclusion: Interventions promoting Mediterranean diets or physical activity to adolescents may facilitate improvements in self-esteem in addition to wider health benefits previously identified. Approaches within such interventions targeting improvements in physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing and positive perceptions of the school environment may improve their efficacy.

ACS Style

Emily Knox; Jose Joaquin Muros. Association of lifestyle behaviours with self-esteem through health-related quality of life in Spanish adolescents. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2017, 176, 621 -628.

AMA Style

Emily Knox, Jose Joaquin Muros. Association of lifestyle behaviours with self-esteem through health-related quality of life in Spanish adolescents. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2017; 176 (5):621-628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emily Knox; Jose Joaquin Muros. 2017. "Association of lifestyle behaviours with self-esteem through health-related quality of life in Spanish adolescents." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 176, no. 5: 621-628.