This study aims to evaluate the ability of raspberry and blackberry pomace to inhibit lipid oxidation and prolong the refrigerated storage of beef patties. Berry pomace was incorporated into beef patties at the concentration of 1, 3, and 5%. Packed patties were stored for 9 days at 4 °C temperature and the quality of the meat was evaluated on the 0, 3rd, 6th, and 9th day. The natural mass loss during storage, the pH as well as the lipid oxidation were evaluated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) method. GC was used to determine the amount of fatty acids and e-nose, based on ultrafast gas chromatography, was used for the determination of volatile organic compounds in beef patties before and after the storage. The highest mass loss during refrigerated storage was observed in the control beef patties, while the berry pomace absorbed water and reduced the loss. The pomace additive influenced the decrease in the patties pH during the storage. Berry pomace can be very effective in relation to lipid oxidation, and as little as 1% of berry pomace influenced the decrease in the TBAR’s values in the patties stored for nine days by 3.06 and 2.42 times, depending on the pomace compared to the control patties. The use of berry pomace in meat products can reduce lipid oxidation, increase their fiber content and act as a thickener, as well as contribute to the usage of agri-food by-products.

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are leading to increased production and use of biofuels. The industrial development of biodiesel production and the use of biodiesel in the EU transport sector have been ongoing for almost two decades. Compared to mineral diesel production, the process of producing biodiesel is quite complex and expensive, and the search for new raw materials and advanced technologies is needed to maintain production value and expand the industrial production of biodiesel. The purpose of this article is to review the application possibilities of one of the new technologies—simultaneous extraction of oil from oily feedstock and transesterification (in situ)—and to evaluate the effectiveness of the abovementioned process under various conditions.

The objective of this study is to assess the proximate chemical composition, and the physical and techno-functional properties of blackberry pomace from different cultivars (‘Polar’, ‘Orkan’, ‘Brzezina’). Blackberry pomace primarily comprises seeds and other parts, such as pulps/skins. It serves as a rich source of bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins, and demonstrates notable functional properties, including water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, swelling capacity, and various fiber fractions. Moreover, anthocyanin-rich fruits are interesting due to their health-promoting properties and intensive color. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) ranged from 113.82 mg 100 g⁻¹ d.w. to 129.58 mg 100 g⁻¹ d.w. in blackberry pomace. Fiber fractions, including ADF, NDF, lignin, and WSCs, exhibited significant variations among the different blackberry pomace cultivars as well as color.

Biodiesel can be produced both in homogeneous and heterogeneous ways. Heterogeneous synthesis allows to easily separate catalyst from esters. In this work, eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst were used for triglyceride transesterification with 1-butanol. Response surface methodology was used for process optimization. It was obtained that eggshells are a suitable catalyst for transesterification processes. A longer process duration and higher catalyst amount have a high influence on ester yield. However, the amount of 1-butanol should not be maximized. Optimum transesterification reaction conditions were obtained when the process temperature was 110 °C, 1-butanol-to-oil molar ratio 11.3:1, eggshells amount 7.41 wt%, and process duration 11.81 h. Under these conditions, 98.78 wt% of ester yield was obtained.

Water-based lubricating fluids (WBLFs), known for their significant environmental benefits, are the focus of this study. The properties of WBLFs directly influence lubricated mechanisms’ longevity and operating efficiency. WBLFs are enhanced using additives, which must improve their properties and, at the same time, remain environmentally friendly. This study combines bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium erucate protic ionic liquid and titanium oxide nanoparticles to formulate the hybrid additive. The lubricity was investigated using Alumina/Bearing steel and WC/Bearing steel friction pairs in a reciprocating ball-on-plate tribo-tester. The results show that protic ionic liquid can significantly improve lubricity and the corrosion-preventing ability of the base fluid. Applying a hybrid additive further improved the wear reduction ability in the WC/Bearing steel friction pair. However, the wear reduction ability was diminished when a hybrid additive was used to lubricate the Alumina/Bearing steel friction pair. The proposed lubricity improvement mechanism is based on forming an adsorption layer of ionic liquid molecules and rolling and tribo-sintering titanium oxide nanoparticles.

Recently, environmentally friendly lubricants and their additives have been of great interest. Using such lubricants can provide a few benefits, namely: nontoxicity and biodegradability when exposed to groundwater or soil. Moreover, renewable raw materials could be used to produce these lubricants. This study aims to synthesize bis (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium erucate protic ionic liquid containing a renewable counterpart-erucic acid. The synthesis of bis (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium erucate, its physical properties, solubility in the base lubricating fluid, and tribological properties were evaluated. The study shows that even though the investigated protic ionic liquid is liquid at room temperature, it has a very high kinematic viscosity, which drops when the temperature increases. Bis (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium erucate can be dissolved in water up to 3 wt%. It also has excellent lubricity when used as a neat lubricant and could be successfully applied as a lubricity-enhancing additive in water.