In this study, a thermal conductivity of 0.22 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ was obtained for pristine epoxy (EP), and the impact of a hybrid filler composed of two-dimensional (2D) flake-like boron nitride (BN) and zero-dimensional (0D) spherical micro-sized aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) on the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin was investigated. With 80 wt.% hybrid Al₂O₃–BN filler contents, the thermal conductivity of the EP composite reached 1.72 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, increasing approximately 7.8-fold with respect to the pure epoxy matrix. Furthermore, different important properties for the application were analyzed, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, viscosity, morphology, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), glass transition temperature (T_g), decomposition temperature (T_d), dielectric properties, and thermal infrared images. The obtained thermal performance is suitable for specific electronic applications such as flip-chip underfill packaging.

In this study, the effects of a hybrid filler composed of zero-dimensional spherical AlN particles and two-dimensional BN flakes on the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin were studied. The thermal conductivity (TC) of the pristine epoxy matrix (EP) was 0.22 W/(m K), while the composite showed the TC of 10.18 W/(m K) at the 75 wt% AlN–BN hybrid filler loading, which is approximately a 46-fold increase. Moreover, various essential application properties were examined, such as the viscosity, cooling rate, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), morphology, and electrical properties. In particular, the AlN–BN/EP composite showed higher thermal stability and lower CTE (22.56 ppm/°C) than pure epoxy. Overall, the demonstrated outstanding thermal performance is appropriate for the production of electronic packaging materials, including next-generation flip-chip underfills.

This research has successfully synthesized highly flexible and conductive nanohybrid electrode films. Nanodispersion and stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were achieved via non-covalent adsorption and with an organic polymeric dispersant and inorganic carbon-based nanomaterials—nano-carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and graphene oxide (GO). The new polymeric dispersant—polyisobutylene-b-poly(oxyethylene)-b-polyisobutylene (PIB-POE-PIB) triblock copolymer—could stabilize AgNPs. Simultaneously, this stabilization was conducted through the addition of mixed organic/inorganic dispersants based on zero- (0D), one- (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, namely CB, CNT, and GO. Furthermore, the dispersion solution was evenly coated/mixed onto polymeric substrates, and the products were heated. As a result, highly conductive thin-film materials (with a surface electrical resistance of approximately 10⁻² Ω/sq) were eventually acquired. The results indicated that 2D carbon-based nanomaterials (GO) could stabilize AgNPs more effectively during their reductNion and, hence, generate particles with the smallest sizes, as the COO⁻ functional groups of GO are evenly distributed. The optimal AgNPs/PIB-POE-PIB/GO ratio was 20:20:1. Furthermore, the flexible electrode layers were successfully manufactured and applied in wearable electronic sensors to generate electrocardiograms (ECGs). ECGs were, thereafter, successfully obtained.

A hybrid material obtained by blending β-chitosan (CS) with triethylenetetramine-functionalized graphene oxide (TFGO) (CSGO), was used as an adsorbent for a reactive dye (C.I. Reactive Blue 221 Dye, RB221), and the adsorption and removal performances of unmodified CS and mix-modified CSGO were investigated and compared systematically at different pH values (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12). The adsorption capacities of CS and CSGO were 45.5 and 56.1 mg/g, respectively, at a pH of 2 and 5.4 and 37.2 mg/g, respectively, at a pH of 12. This indicates that TFGO was successfully introduced into CSGO, enabling π–π interactions and electrostatic attraction with the dye molecules. Additionally, benzene ring-shaped GO exhibited a high surface chemical stability, which was conducive to maintaining the stability of the acid and alkali resistance of the CSGO adsorbent. The RB221 adsorption performance of CS and CSGO at acidic condition (pH 3) and alkaline condition (pH 12) and different temperatures was investigated by calculating the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of adsorbents. Overall, the adsorption efficiency of CSGO was superior to that of CS; thus, CSGO is promising for the treatment of dye effluents in a wide pH range.