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Resistance evolution of target pests reduces efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins used in insect-pest control. Mutations in Cadherin (CAD) or ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters genes are linked to Cry resistance in different pests. Also, it has been shown that ABCC2 and CAD have synergistic interaction on Cry toxicity when co-express in cell lines, which we confirmed here by Helicoverpa armigera HaABCC2 and HaCAD expression in Hi5 cells. To confirm that CAD and ABC transporters interact in vivo, we constructed nearly H. armigera isogenic lines such as LFC2 and 96CAD strains, linked to HaABCC2 and HaCAD mutations that showed 512- and 396-fold Cry1Ac resistance-ratios, respectively. Interestingly, Fusion-1 strain linked to both HaABCC2 and HaCAD mutations, showed 6273-fold resistance-ratio, significantly higher than the single mutant strains. To confirm the interaction of HaABCC2 and CAD in Cry1Ac resistance, we analyzed the Cry1Ac susceptibility in CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown strains, C2–KO (ABCC2-gene knockout-strain) and CAD-KO (CAD-gene knockout-strain), that showed 112- and 531-fold Cry1Ac resistance-ratios, respectively. However, the resistance-ratio of Fusion-2 strain obtained from crossing C2–KO and CAD-KO strains, was only 816-fold. The analysis of HaABCC3 gene transcript levels showed nearly 4-fold lower expression in LFC2 and Fusion-1 strains compared to the susceptible strain, suggesting that additional mutations in these strains resulted in low HaABCC3 expression, which contribute to their enhanced Cry1Ac resistance. Our data show that the CAD and ABCC2/ABCC3 interact synergistically to induce high Cry1Ac resistance in H. armigera. These results can be helpful for Bt resistance monitoring and pest management.
Dandan Zhang; Minghui Jin; Yanchao Yang; Jianfeng Zhang; Yongbo Yang; Kaiyu Liu; Mario Soberón; Alejandra Bravo; Yutao Xiao; Kongming Wu. Synergistic resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Bt toxins linked to cadherin and ABC transporters mutations. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2021, 137, 103635 .
AMA StyleDandan Zhang, Minghui Jin, Yanchao Yang, Jianfeng Zhang, Yongbo Yang, Kaiyu Liu, Mario Soberón, Alejandra Bravo, Yutao Xiao, Kongming Wu. Synergistic resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Bt toxins linked to cadherin and ABC transporters mutations. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2021; 137 ():103635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDandan Zhang; Minghui Jin; Yanchao Yang; Jianfeng Zhang; Yongbo Yang; Kaiyu Liu; Mario Soberón; Alejandra Bravo; Yutao Xiao; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Synergistic resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Bt toxins linked to cadherin and ABC transporters mutations." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 137, no. : 103635.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops have been widely planted and the effects of Bt-crops on populations of the target and non-target insect pests have been well studied. However, the effects of Bt-crops exposure on microorganisms that interact with crop pests have not previously been quantified. Here, we use laboratory and field data to show that infection of Helicoverpa armigera with a densovirus (HaDV2) is associated with its enhanced growth and tolerance to Bt-cotton. Moreover, field monitoring showed a much higher incidence of cotton bollworm infection with HaDV2 in regions cultivated with Bt-cotton than in regions without it, with the rate of densovirus infection increasing with increasing use of Bt-cotton. RNA-seq suggested tolerance to both baculovirus and Cry1Ac were enhanced via the immune-related pathways. These findings suggest that exposure to Bt-crops has selected for beneficial interactions between the target pest and a mutualistic microorganism that enhances its performance on Bt-crops under field conditions.
Yutao Xiao; Wenjing Li; Xianming Yang; Pengjun Xu; Minghui Jin; He Yuan; Weigang Zheng; Mario Soberón; Alejandra Bravo; Kenneth Wilson; Kongming Wu. Rapid spread of a densovirus in a major crop pest following wide-scale adoption of Bt-cotton in China. eLife 2021, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleYutao Xiao, Wenjing Li, Xianming Yang, Pengjun Xu, Minghui Jin, He Yuan, Weigang Zheng, Mario Soberón, Alejandra Bravo, Kenneth Wilson, Kongming Wu. Rapid spread of a densovirus in a major crop pest following wide-scale adoption of Bt-cotton in China. eLife. 2021; 10 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYutao Xiao; Wenjing Li; Xianming Yang; Pengjun Xu; Minghui Jin; He Yuan; Weigang Zheng; Mario Soberón; Alejandra Bravo; Kenneth Wilson; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Rapid spread of a densovirus in a major crop pest following wide-scale adoption of Bt-cotton in China." eLife 10, no. : 1.
Accurate monitoring of locust migration is the basis for early warning and emergency control programs. This article integrates laboratory recordings with the use of Ku-band vertical insect radar to assess migration of the yellow-spined bamboo locust Ceracris kiangsu (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae) in the China-Laos border area. Under laboratory conditions, field-caught individuals engaged in flight at temperatures above 20℃ and exhibited a wingbeat frequency of 18.5–31.1 Hz. Between July 6 and August 23, 2020, a total of 39C. kiangsu migration events were recorded by radar. Locust individuals only engaged in diurnal migration, with peak activity after 15:00. Flight was recorded at an average height, flight speed and density of 410 m above ground level, 35.8 km/h, and 1305.9 individuals/km3, respectively. High-density C. kiangsu swarms exhibited high flight speeds. Departing from Laos, locusts migrated north by west 27.4–35.0° into Jiangcheng county (Yunnan, China). Migration flight was affected by ambient temperature, while its speed was determined by that of prevailing wind currents. Individual locusts autonomously adjusted their heading direction in order to unify the travel direction of the migrant swarm. Ku-band high-resolution fully polarimetric insect radar can thus accurately assess the migration patterns of C. kiangsu locusts and thereby constitutes an important forecasting tool.
Dazhong Liu; Shengyuan Zhao; Xianming Yang; Rui Wang; Xinzhu Cang; Haowen Zhang; Cheng Hu; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Kongming Wu. Radar monitoring unveils migration dynamics of the yellow-spined bamboo locust (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2021, 187, 106306 .
AMA StyleDazhong Liu, Shengyuan Zhao, Xianming Yang, Rui Wang, Xinzhu Cang, Haowen Zhang, Cheng Hu, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Kongming Wu. Radar monitoring unveils migration dynamics of the yellow-spined bamboo locust (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2021; 187 ():106306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDazhong Liu; Shengyuan Zhao; Xianming Yang; Rui Wang; Xinzhu Cang; Haowen Zhang; Cheng Hu; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Radar monitoring unveils migration dynamics of the yellow-spined bamboo locust (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae)." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 187, no. : 106306.
Background Every year around the world, more than 2 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer and genital tract cancers. However, there are rare studies comprehensively describing the global and regional trends of incidence and mortality of women’s cancers. Methods To study the burden and trend of women’s cancers, we conducted this cross-sectional study based on the epidemiologic data of Global Burden of Disease 2019. In this study, female patients with breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2019 were involved. The incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) were used to measure the outcomes of women’s cancers. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess the changing trend of cancer burden. Results Among the four women’s cancers, the burden of female breast cancer was highest. During the past 30 years, the incidence, death, and DALY of female breast cancer kept increasing worldwide. In most regions especially developing countries, cervical cancer was the second most common women’s cancer. At the same time, ovarian cancer and uterine cancer occurred less frequently. Generally, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer were positively correlated to sociodemographic index (SDI) value. In contrast, the ASIR of cervical cancer was negatively correlated to SDI value. Conclusions Our study indicates that the incidence and mortality of women’s cancers have geographical variations and change along with SDI value. The results might be helpful to policy-makers to allocate healthy resources to control women’s cancers.
Ming Yi; Tianye Li; Mengke Niu; Suxia Luo; Qian Chu; Kongming Wu. Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study. Biomarker Research 2021, 9, 1 -12.
AMA StyleMing Yi, Tianye Li, Mengke Niu, Suxia Luo, Qian Chu, Kongming Wu. Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study. Biomarker Research. 2021; 9 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing Yi; Tianye Li; Mengke Niu; Suxia Luo; Qian Chu; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Epidemiological trends of women’s cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based study." Biomarker Research 9, no. 1: 1-12.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria produce Cry toxins that kill insect pests. Insect specificity of Cry toxins relies on their binding to larval gut membrane proteins such as cadherin and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins. Mutations in ABC transporters have been implicated in high levels of resistance to Cry toxins in multiple pests. Spodoptera frugiperda is an insect pest susceptible to Cry1Fa and Cry1Ab toxins while Mythimna separata is tolerant to Cry1Fa and less susceptible to Cry1Ab. Here, we analyzed the potential role of ABCC2 in determining the susceptibility of S. frugiperda to Cry1Fa and Cry1Ab, by expressing SfABCC2 or MsABCC2 in Hi5 insect cell line and by the systematic replacements of extracellular loops (ECLs) between these two proteins. Expression of SfABCC2 in Hi5 conferred susceptibility to both Cry1Fa and Cry1Ab, in contrast to the expression of MsABCC2 that mediated low toxicity to Cry1Ab and no toxicity to Cry1Fa in agreement with their larvicidal toxicities. The SfABCC2 and MsABCC2 amino acid sequences showed differential residues among ECL1, ECL2, ECL4 and ECL6 loops, while ECL3 and ECL5 share the same primary sequence. The exchange of ECLs between SfABCC2 and MsABCC2 demonstrated that ECL4 and ECL2 contribute to Cry1Fa toxicity, where ECL4 plays a major role. The medium region (named M2) of ECL4 was identified as the most important region of SfABCC2 involved in Cry1Fa toxicity as shown by point mutations in this region. These findings will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of action of Bt toxins in S. frugiperda.
Yuanyuan Liu; Minghui Jin; Ling Wang; Haixia Wang; Zhichao Xia; Yongbo Yang; Alejandra Bravo; Mario Soberón; Yutao Xiao; Kaiyu Liu. SfABCC2 transporter extracellular loops 2 and 4 are responsible for the Cry1Fa insecticidal specificity against Spodoptera frugiperda. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2021, 135, 103608 .
AMA StyleYuanyuan Liu, Minghui Jin, Ling Wang, Haixia Wang, Zhichao Xia, Yongbo Yang, Alejandra Bravo, Mario Soberón, Yutao Xiao, Kaiyu Liu. SfABCC2 transporter extracellular loops 2 and 4 are responsible for the Cry1Fa insecticidal specificity against Spodoptera frugiperda. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2021; 135 ():103608.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanyuan Liu; Minghui Jin; Ling Wang; Haixia Wang; Zhichao Xia; Yongbo Yang; Alejandra Bravo; Mario Soberón; Yutao Xiao; Kaiyu Liu. 2021. "SfABCC2 transporter extracellular loops 2 and 4 are responsible for the Cry1Fa insecticidal specificity against Spodoptera frugiperda." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 135, no. : 103608.
Preclinical data suggest that head and neck cancer is an intrinsically immunosuppressive disease with abnormal inflammatory components in the tumor microenvironment. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting immune suppressive signals to prime anticancer immunity, has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. However, patients with head and neck cancer present primary resistance to immunotherapy. Many ongoing trials include combinations of immunotherapy with different therapeutic interventions, aiming to improve response rates and overall survival. As novel therapy strategies are leveraged, the significance of immunotherapy in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer continues to be revealed. This review aims to summarize combinational immunotherapy in head and neck cancer.
Xun Yuan; Ming Yi; Wei Zhang; Linping Xu; Qian Chu; Suxia Luo; Kongming Wu. The biology of combination immunotherapy in recurrent metastatic head and neck cancer. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 2021, 136, 106002 .
AMA StyleXun Yuan, Ming Yi, Wei Zhang, Linping Xu, Qian Chu, Suxia Luo, Kongming Wu. The biology of combination immunotherapy in recurrent metastatic head and neck cancer. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2021; 136 ():106002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXun Yuan; Ming Yi; Wei Zhang; Linping Xu; Qian Chu; Suxia Luo; Kongming Wu. 2021. "The biology of combination immunotherapy in recurrent metastatic head and neck cancer." The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 136, no. : 106002.
Since 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) has invaded large parts of Africa and Asia, impacting millions of hectares of maize crops and thereby posing a major threat to food security. The rapid geographic spread and outbreak dynamics of S. frugiperda are tied to its unique dispersal ability and long-distance migration capability. Yet, up till present, limited research has been conducted on the physiological determinants of S. frugiperda flight and migration. In this study, we used laboratory experiments to assess whether mating and oviposition affect S. frugiperda flight ability and wingbeat frequency. During 2019–2020, migratory FAW females were trapped in Yunnan (China) and dissected to assess ovarian development. Tethered flight assays showed that gravid S. frugiperda females exhibited strong flight ability at 1–3 days following the onset of oviposition. Flight distance and duration negatively correlated with the number of deposited eggs. Ovarian dissections further showed that over 50% of migrant females were mated and 46–54% had initiated oviposition. Our study shows the complex, yet nuanced effects of reproductive status on flight capacity, with possibly a facultative trade-off between flight and reproduction. These novel insights into S. frugiperda physiology and migration behavior can guide future monitoring and integrated pest management (IPM) programs against this newly-invasive pest in China and abroad.
Shishuai Ge; Xiaoxu Sun; Wei He; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Limei He; Shengyuan Zhao; Haowen Zhang; Kongming Wu. Potential trade-offs between reproduction and migratory flight in Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Insect Physiology 2021, 132, 104248 .
AMA StyleShishuai Ge, Xiaoxu Sun, Wei He, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Limei He, Shengyuan Zhao, Haowen Zhang, Kongming Wu. Potential trade-offs between reproduction and migratory flight in Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2021; 132 ():104248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShishuai Ge; Xiaoxu Sun; Wei He; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Limei He; Shengyuan Zhao; Haowen Zhang; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Potential trade-offs between reproduction and migratory flight in Spodoptera frugiperda." Journal of Insect Physiology 132, no. : 104248.
Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is an important agricultural pest with worldwide distribution. Monitoring the population dynamics of adults and predicting the occurrence of next generation are the basis of prevention and control. Insect attractants are based on preferences for foods or their volatiles and have great potential for pest monitoring and management. To evaluate the monitoring success of food attractants on S. exigua populations in the field, we first quantitatively analyzed the reproductive organ development of adults in a laboratory population. The ovarian development of females was divided into four stages. The length range of the testis major axis of males at different ages was established according to the principle of testis development. This allowed documentation of the reproductive status of adults trapped in the field. In 2019 and 2020, we used food attractant trapping combined with reproductive system examination to monitor the population dynamics and reproductive development of S. exigua adults in natural environment. The results showed obvious generational changes in the population density dynamics of males and females of S. exigua. During the two-year monitoring period, the ovarian development level and mating times of trapped females in the second generation increased at first and then decreased with time. The number of eggs within ovarioles trapped initially decreased and then increased over time. The ovarian development level and mating times of trapped females in the third-generation adults increased gradually over time, and the number of eggs in female ovarioles decreased gradually over time. The age of trapped males in the second generation initially increased and then decreased over time. The age of males in the third generation increased gradually over time. There were significant differences in the reproductive development of female and male moths trapped in different generations in 2019. This study showed that trapping using food attractants can monitor field population dynamics of S. exigua. Combined with examination of reproductive system anatomy, it can monitor the reproductive organ development, mating, and oviposition status of wild adults.
Wei He; Xincheng Zhao; Shishuai Ge; Kongming Wu. Food attractants for field population monitoring of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). Crop Protection 2021, 145, 105616 .
AMA StyleWei He, Xincheng Zhao, Shishuai Ge, Kongming Wu. Food attractants for field population monitoring of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). Crop Protection. 2021; 145 ():105616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei He; Xincheng Zhao; Shishuai Ge; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Food attractants for field population monitoring of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)." Crop Protection 145, no. : 105616.
Immunotherapy, especially anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) treatment has significantly improved the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the overall response rate remains unsatisfactory. Many factors affect the outcome of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, such as PD-L1 expression level, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutation burden (TMB), neoantigens, and driver gene mutations. Further exploration of biomarkers would be favorable for the best selection of patients and precisely predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in this field, and discussed the potential applications of these laboratory findings in the clinic.
Mengke Niu; Ming Yi; Ning Li; Suxia Luo; Kongming Wu. Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC. Experimental Hematology & Oncology 2021, 10, 1 -13.
AMA StyleMengke Niu, Ming Yi, Ning Li, Suxia Luo, Kongming Wu. Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC. Experimental Hematology & Oncology. 2021; 10 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengke Niu; Ming Yi; Ning Li; Suxia Luo; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC." Experimental Hematology & Oncology 10, no. 1: 1-13.
Interspecific interactions (e.g., competition, predation) are core determinants of insect population evolution, geographical distribution, trophic dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Following its recent invasion of eastern Asia, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) co-inhabits maize fields with native lepidopteran herbivores, such as the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Here, drawing upon laboratory and field studies, we demonstrate how late-instar S. frugiperda larvae directly prey upon S. litura immature stages and competitively displace them from the maize whorl. Individual maize plants did not mediate the above interactions, with herbivore-damaged leaves not affecting the development rate of either species. In the field, ecological niches of S. frugiperda and S. litura overlapped, with species-specific occupancy rates of whorl-stage leaves (vegetative phase) and ears or tassels (reproductive phase) exceeding 70% and 90%, respectively. Field cage trials showed that S. frugiperda larvae either preyed upon or repelled S. litura larvae from maize plants, routinely resulting in more than 90% mortality of the latter. Field visits and cage studies in Yunnan (SW China) also revealed how—within an approx. 1-year time period—S. frugiperda has become a dominant species in local maize fields and co-infestation of both herbivores on the same plant is rare. Overall, our work shows how the invasive S. frugiperda exhibits a clear competitive advantage over native lepidopterans and could replace certain species within local agroecosystems. This study not only unveils the mechanistic causes of rapid ecological shifts within S. frugiperda-invaded cropping systems, but may also guide subsequent monitoring and management interventions.
Yifei Song; Xianming Yang; Haowen Zhang; Dandan Zhang; Wei He; Kris A. G. Wyckhuys; Kongming Wu. Interference competition and predation between invasive and native herbivores in maize. Journal of Pest Science 2021, 94, 1053 -1063.
AMA StyleYifei Song, Xianming Yang, Haowen Zhang, Dandan Zhang, Wei He, Kris A. G. Wyckhuys, Kongming Wu. Interference competition and predation between invasive and native herbivores in maize. Journal of Pest Science. 2021; 94 (4):1053-1063.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYifei Song; Xianming Yang; Haowen Zhang; Dandan Zhang; Wei He; Kris A. G. Wyckhuys; Kongming Wu. 2021. "Interference competition and predation between invasive and native herbivores in maize." Journal of Pest Science 94, no. 4: 1053-1063.
Background Therapeutic antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis induce potent and durable anti-tumor responses in multiple types of cancers. However, only a subset of patients benefits from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. As a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity, TGF-β impairs the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and induces drug resistance. Developing a novel treatment strategy to simultaneously block PD-1/PD-L1 and TGF-β would be valuable to enhance the effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and relieve drug resistance. Methods Based on the Check-BODY™ technology platform, we developed an anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody YM101. The bioactivity of the anti-TGF-β moiety was determined by Smad-luciferase reporter assay, transwell assay, western blotting, CCK-8, and flow cytometry. The bioactivity of the anti-PD-L1 moiety was measured by T cell activation assays. EMT-6, CT26, and 3LL tumor models were used to investigate the anti-tumor activity of YM101 in vivo. RNA-seq, immunohistochemical staining, and flow cytometry were utilized to analyze the effect of YM101 on the tumor microenvironment. Results YM101 could bind to TGF-β and PD-L1 specifically. In vitro experiments showed that YM101 effectively counteracted the biological effects of TGF-β and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, including activating Smad signaling, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immunosuppression. Besides, in vivo experiments indicated the anti-tumor activity of YM101 was superior to anti-TGF-β and anti-PD-L1 monotherapies. Mechanistically, YM101 promoted the formation of ‘hot tumor’: increasing the numbers of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and dendritic cells, elevating the ratio of M1/M2, and enhancing cytokine production in T cells. This normalized tumor immune microenvironment and enhanced anti-tumor immune response might contribute to the robust anti-tumor effect of YM101. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that YM101 could simultaneously block TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways and had a superior anti-tumor effect compared to the monotherapies.
Ming Yi; Jing Zhang; Anping Li; Mengke Niu; Yongxiang Yan; Ying Jiao; Suxia Luo; Pengfei Zhou; Kongming Wu. The construction, expression, and enhanced anti-tumor activity of YM101: a bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting TGF-β and PD-L1. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 2021, 14, 1 -22.
AMA StyleMing Yi, Jing Zhang, Anping Li, Mengke Niu, Yongxiang Yan, Ying Jiao, Suxia Luo, Pengfei Zhou, Kongming Wu. The construction, expression, and enhanced anti-tumor activity of YM101: a bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting TGF-β and PD-L1. Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 2021; 14 (1):1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing Yi; Jing Zhang; Anping Li; Mengke Niu; Yongxiang Yan; Ying Jiao; Suxia Luo; Pengfei Zhou; Kongming Wu. 2021. "The construction, expression, and enhanced anti-tumor activity of YM101: a bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting TGF-β and PD-L1." Journal of Hematology & Oncology 14, no. 1: 1-22.
Since its 2018 invasion of eastern Asia, the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has become a key pest in local maize production. Though pesticides have been widely used to mitigate the initial S. frugiperda attack, biological control is receiving ample attention as a desirable, environmentally-sound alternative to chemical control. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are abundant natural enemies in Chinese maize fields and have been observed to consume S. frugiperda larvae. In this study, we use laboratory assays to study the two-way interaction between immature stages of S. frugiperda and the endemic syrphid Eupeodes corollae. To mimic natural conditions, assays were performed in the presence of fresh maize leaves. Those 2nd or 3rd instar larvae of E. corollae preyed on 1st and 2nd instar S. frugiperda larvae with a Holling type III response, consuming a respective theoretical maximum of 43.48 and 83.33 larvae over a 24-h period. Conversely, once S. frugiperda larvae reached 3rd instar, they exhibited aggressive behavior and equally preyed on syrphid larvae with a Holling type III response. Those 5th and 6th instar larvae of S. frugiperda consumed a respective 16.39–19.23, 6.02–19.61 and 6.76–8.26 of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar E. corollae larvae per day. Though our results await field-level validation, S. frugiperda agonistic (i.e., defensive) and consumptive behavior towards resident natural enemies such as E. corollae possibly degrades biotic resistance and raises its invasion potential. Our findings shine new light on the interaction between lepidopteran herbivores and their natural enemies, and can help advance the development of conservation biological control and other integrated pest management (IPM) strategies against S. frugiperda in China and abroad.
Hui Li; Shan-Shan Jiang; Hao-Wen Zhang; Ting Geng; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Kong-Ming Wu. Two-way predation between immature stages of the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae and the invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith). Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 829 -839.
AMA StyleHui Li, Shan-Shan Jiang, Hao-Wen Zhang, Ting Geng, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Kong-Ming Wu. Two-way predation between immature stages of the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae and the invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith). Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):829-839.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui Li; Shan-Shan Jiang; Hao-Wen Zhang; Ting Geng; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Two-way predation between immature stages of the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae and the invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith)." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 829-839.
Fall armyworm has invaded China and colonized its populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of South China since December 2018. Chemical spray has been widely used to control the pest, which shall lead to resistance evolution. In this research, we collected five populations of the pest from Yunnan, Hainan, Tibet, and Fujian of China, and tested their susceptibilities to pyrethroid, organophosphorus, oxadiazine, diamide, antibiotics and other types of insecticides (14 insecticides totally) in the laboratory. Based on the susceptible baseline published from the previous studies, the resistance ratio was 615–1 068-fold to chlorpyrifos, 60–388-fold to spinosad, 26–317-fold to lambda-cyhalothrin, 13–29-fold to malathion, 9–33-fold to fenvalerate, 8–20-fold to deltamethrin, 3–8-fold to emamectin benzoate and 1–2-fold to chlorantraniliprole, respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of other six insecticides without the susceptible baselines was 148.27–220.96 μg mL−1 for beta-cypermethrin, 87.03–128.43 μg mL−1 for chlorfenapyr, 16.35–99.67 μg mL−1 for indoxacarb, 10.55–51.01 μg mL−1 for phoxim, 7.08–8.78 μg mL−1 for M-EBI (the mixed insecticide of emamectin benzoate and indoxcarb) and 1.49–4.64 μg mL−1 for cyantraniliprole. This study can be helpful for chemical control as well as for resistance monitoring and management of the pest in China.
Dan-Dan Zhang; Yu-Tao Xiao; Peng-Jun Xu; Xian-Ming Yang; Qiu-Lin Wu; Kong-Ming Wu. Insecticide resistance monitoring for the invasive populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 783 -791.
AMA StyleDan-Dan Zhang, Yu-Tao Xiao, Peng-Jun Xu, Xian-Ming Yang, Qiu-Lin Wu, Kong-Ming Wu. Insecticide resistance monitoring for the invasive populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):783-791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan-Dan Zhang; Yu-Tao Xiao; Peng-Jun Xu; Xian-Ming Yang; Qiu-Lin Wu; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Insecticide resistance monitoring for the invasive populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 783-791.
Spodoptera frugiperda, the pest fall armyworm (FAW), is widespread in more than 100 countries. To date, planting insect-resistant transgenic crops is one of the main control methods in its native countries. In this study we evaluated Bt-transgenic maize (Bt maize) and non-transgenic (conventional) maize and six other host plants in greenhouse pot experiments and field trials for oviposition preference by the Chinese populations of FAW. In laboratory trials, female moths preferred to oviposit on maize with no significant preference between conventional and Bt maize. However, after conventional and transgenic maize were exposed to FAW larvae and damaged, oviposition was significantly higher on transgenic maize than on the conventional one. Field trials showed that for plants less damaged at an early stage (seedling stage), oviposition of FAW on transgenic and conventional maize was significantly higher than that on wheat, sorghum, foxtail millet, peanut and soybean while showing no significant difference between transgenic or conventional maize. FAW adults mainly laid eggs on Bt maize, while the larval density and leaf damage rating or percentage of damaged plants were significantly lower than on conventional maize. Larval density and its damage on conventional maize were significantly higher than that on Bt maize and the other five hosts. Thus, maize is a highly preferred and suitable host for S. frugiperda feeding and ovipositing, and Bt maize can be used as trap crop to protect other crops.
Li-Mei He; Sheng-Yuan Zhao; Xi-Wu Gao; Kong-Ming Wu. Ovipositional responses of Spodoptera frugiperda on host plants provide a basis for using Bt-transgenic maize as trap crop in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 804 -814.
AMA StyleLi-Mei He, Sheng-Yuan Zhao, Xi-Wu Gao, Kong-Ming Wu. Ovipositional responses of Spodoptera frugiperda on host plants provide a basis for using Bt-transgenic maize as trap crop in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):804-814.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi-Mei He; Sheng-Yuan Zhao; Xi-Wu Gao; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Ovipositional responses of Spodoptera frugiperda on host plants provide a basis for using Bt-transgenic maize as trap crop in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 804-814.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a newly invasive, widespread agricultural pest in China. Understanding the suitability of the main field crops in Chinese agricultural system as host for this polyphagous herbivore is especially important for making control strategy. Here, after FAWs were fed three important oil-bearing crops (oilseed rape, soybean and sunflower) planted in China and resultant population parameters were compared using the age-stage, two-sex life table method, survival of larvae on soybean was significantly lower than that on oilseed rape and sunflower. Developmental duration of larvae on soybean was also the longest (23.3 days). The highest pupation rate was recorded on sunflower. The highest pupal mass (0.19 g) was attained on oilseed rape, significantly higher than on the other host plants; the lowest mass was on soybean (0.15 g). On soybean, oilseed rape and sunflower, respectively, the average generation period was 42.21, 39.10 and 40.44 d; the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.0844, 0.1041 and 0.1134; the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.0881, 1.1098 and 1.1202. While the most suitable host plant overall was sunflower, S. frugiperda completed development and increased its population on all three host plants. Thus, soybean, oilseed rape and sunflower were all suitable for FAW, and population monitoring and management of FAW in these crops should be increased.
Li-Mei He; Qiu-Lin Wu; Xi-Wu Gao; Kong-Ming Wu. Population life tables for the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fed on major oil crops planted in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 745 -754.
AMA StyleLi-Mei He, Qiu-Lin Wu, Xi-Wu Gao, Kong-Ming Wu. Population life tables for the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fed on major oil crops planted in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):745-754.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi-Mei He; Qiu-Lin Wu; Xi-Wu Gao; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Population life tables for the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fed on major oil crops planted in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 745-754.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is an important agricultural pest with a strong migratory ability. While the species is native to the Americas, it has recently invaded China, ravaging crops in many provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). Its long-distance migration, which is critical to understand for pest management programs, has been well studied in its native region. In other regions however, the moth's migration patterns have not yet been characterized. Here, the migratory behavior of FAW populations in China was studied on an isolated island located in the center of the Bohai Strait from spring to autumn 2019, the year in which FAW first reached this region, by using searchlight trapping, stable carbon isotopes and trajectory simulation. The main results were summarized as follows: (i) The number of FAW moths caught by searchlight trapping provided direct evidence that the species migrated across the Bohai Sea. (ii) Species identification was confirmed by both morphology and molecular methods, and only the “corn-strain” that preferentially infests maize and sorghum was found in the collections. (iii) Stable carbon isotope measurements showed that up to 95.07% of captured moths displayed the C4 isotope signature, thus providing additional evidence that this species is a migrant as there are no major C4 plants at the trapping site. (iv) Backward trajectory analysis indicated that the pest now threatens to expand its range into the agriculturally important region of Northeast China, and thus authorities in this region should be vigilant to the threat posed by this species. Together, these findings add to our knowledge concerning the occurrence of FAW in northern China, and will help us to develop sustainable and effective monitoring, forecasting, and pest management strategies.
Hui-Ru Jia; Jiang-Long Guo; Qiu-Lin Wu; Chao-Xing Hu; Xiao-Kang Li; Xian-Yong Zhou; Kong-Ming Wu. Migration of invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across the Bohai Sea in northern China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 685 -693.
AMA StyleHui-Ru Jia, Jiang-Long Guo, Qiu-Lin Wu, Chao-Xing Hu, Xiao-Kang Li, Xian-Yong Zhou, Kong-Ming Wu. Migration of invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across the Bohai Sea in northern China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):685-693.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui-Ru Jia; Jiang-Long Guo; Qiu-Lin Wu; Chao-Xing Hu; Xiao-Kang Li; Xian-Yong Zhou; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Migration of invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across the Bohai Sea in northern China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 685-693.
In December 11, 2018, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China and has since impacted local maize, sorghum and other crops. Here, we draw on laboratory experiments to show how different host crops (i.e., maize, sorghum, wheat and rice) and artificial diet affect larval growth and adult reproduction of one local FAW strain. Larval diet affected development duration, pupation rate, survival and emergence rate of pupae, and S. frugiperda adult fecundity. FAW attained the slowest larval development (19.4 days) on sorghum and the fastest (14.1 days) on artificial diet, with larvae attaining 99.6% survival on the latter food item. On rice, FAW larvae attained survival rate of 0.4% and were unable to pupate successfully. Pupation rate and pupal survival varied substantially between artificial diet and live plantlets at different phenological stages. Pupal weight was the highest (0.26 g) on artificial diet and the lowest (0.14 g) on sorghum, while FAW females reached the highest fecundity (699.7 eggs/female) on 2-leaf stage maize. Egg hatching rate equaled 93.6% on 4- or 5-leaf stage maize and 36.6% on artificial diet. FAW intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase varied between larval diets, reflecting how young maize leaves are the most suitable diet. Our findings can help to refine laboratory rearing protocols, devise population forecasting models or guide the deployment of ‘area-wide’ integrated pest management (IPM) modules in FAW-invaded areas of China and other Asian countries.
Li-Mei He; Teng-Li Wang; Yu-Chao Chen; Shi-Shuai Ge; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Kong-Ming Wu. Larval diet affects development and reproduction of East Asian strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 736 -744.
AMA StyleLi-Mei He, Teng-Li Wang, Yu-Chao Chen, Shi-Shuai Ge, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Kong-Ming Wu. Larval diet affects development and reproduction of East Asian strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):736-744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi-Mei He; Teng-Li Wang; Yu-Chao Chen; Shi-Shuai Ge; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Larval diet affects development and reproduction of East Asian strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 736-744.
ATP-binding cassette transporter C2 (ABCC2) is known to be a receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in several lepidopteran insects. Mutations in the ABCC2 gene have been genetically linked to field-evolved resistance to the Cry1F toxin from Bt in Spodoptera frugiperda. Here we generated a SfABCC2 knockout strain of S. frugiperda using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to provide further functional evidence of the role of this gene in susceptibility and resistance to Cry1F. Results from bioassays showed that the SfABCC2 knockout S. frugiperda strain displayed 118-fold resistance to Cry1F compared with the parental DH19 strain, but no resistance to Vip3A toxin from Bt. These results provide the first reverse genetic evidence for SfABCC2 as a functional receptor for Cry1F.
Ming-Hui Jin; Jia-Hui Tao; Qi Li; Ying Cheng; Xiao-Xu Sun; Kong-Ming Wu; Yu-Tao Xiao. Genome editing of the SfABCC2 gene confers resistance to Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 815 -820.
AMA StyleMing-Hui Jin, Jia-Hui Tao, Qi Li, Ying Cheng, Xiao-Xu Sun, Kong-Ming Wu, Yu-Tao Xiao. Genome editing of the SfABCC2 gene confers resistance to Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):815-820.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing-Hui Jin; Jia-Hui Tao; Qi Li; Ying Cheng; Xiao-Xu Sun; Kong-Ming Wu; Yu-Tao Xiao. 2021. "Genome editing of the SfABCC2 gene confers resistance to Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 815-820.
Floral resources, such as carbohydrate-rich nectar or pollen, can bolster fitness and raise reproductive output of adult lepidopterans. Here, we used laboratory experiments to assess how those plant-derived foods impact adult fecundity, reproductive physiology and flight performance of an invasive strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. More specifically, supplementary feeding on bee pollen and honey enhanced FAW flight duration, testis size, ovarian development, longevity and adult fecundity. FAW adults attained the longest pre-oviposition (10.8 days) and oviposition period (6.8 days) and longevity (19.2 days) on 5% acacia honey. Upon access to 2.5% acacia honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen, S. frugiperda attained the highest mating rate (79.7%), fecundity (644.9 eggs/female) and egg hatching rate (82.3%). Feeding on honey further delayed decay of male testes, while ovarian development was enhanced when female moths were allowed access to 2.5% honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen. Upon feeding on 5% honey solution, S. frugiperda engaged in flight over the longest duration (9.5 h), distance (29.9 km) and speed (3.1 km h−1). Honey had a comparatively greater effect on the above parameters than pollen. Our findings help decipher FAW invasion patterns and population dynamics, facilitate the development of nutritional attractants, and contribute to integrated pest management of this newly-invasive pest in eastern Asia.
Li-Mei He; Shan Jiang; Yu-Chao Chen; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Shi-Shuai Ge; Wei He; Xi-Wu Gao; Kong-Ming Wu. Adult nutrition affects reproduction and flight performance of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 715 -726.
AMA StyleLi-Mei He, Shan Jiang, Yu-Chao Chen, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Shi-Shuai Ge, Wei He, Xi-Wu Gao, Kong-Ming Wu. Adult nutrition affects reproduction and flight performance of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):715-726.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi-Mei He; Shan Jiang; Yu-Chao Chen; Kris A.G. Wyckhuys; Shi-Shuai Ge; Wei He; Xi-Wu Gao; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Adult nutrition affects reproduction and flight performance of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 715-726.
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797), a crop pest native to tropical and subtropical regions of America, has invaded and spread into most regions in China, posing a severe threat to China's agriculture. The cold hardiness directly determines its geographic distribution through adapting to winter temperatures of different regions. Here, we measured supercooling points and lethal time (LT) at low temperatures of S. frugiperda. The supercooling points for developmental stages in increasing order were: adults (−15.05°C)
Dan-Dan Zhang; Sheng-Yuan Zhao; Qiu-Lin Wu; Yu-Yan Li; Kong-Ming Wu. Cold hardiness of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021, 20, 764 -771.
AMA StyleDan-Dan Zhang, Sheng-Yuan Zhao, Qiu-Lin Wu, Yu-Yan Li, Kong-Ming Wu. Cold hardiness of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2021; 20 (3):764-771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan-Dan Zhang; Sheng-Yuan Zhao; Qiu-Lin Wu; Yu-Yan Li; Kong-Ming Wu. 2021. "Cold hardiness of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 3: 764-771.