The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-S), originally developed by Garnefski, Kraaij, and Spinhoven. To date, it is the only available instrument that permits a conceptually pure quantification of cognitive strategies of emotional regulation. A sample of 615 students (25% men; 75% women) completed the CERQ-S. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that, as in the original version, a nine-factor model also explained the data collected with the Spanish version. However, an alternative model that integrates the nine dimensions in two second-order factors shows appropriate global fit indices and has interesting implications. Likewise, the results of the present study are comparable with those obtained in previous work with measures of depression, anxiety, and anger, and increase support for the validity of this instrument for assessing normalized affective states.

ResumenEn este trabajo se realiza una revisión crítica de las variables asociadas a la violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo de los adolescentes. Se han identificado más de 30 variables y se han agrupado en función de su papel precipitante, facilitador, modulador o inhibidor de las agresiones y de la victimización. Aunque muchas de estas variables se han relacionado consistentemente tanto con la violencia cometida como con la violencia sufrida, otras generan controversia por su relación poco consistente con este tipo de violencia, entre ellas, el sexo, el origen étnico, el lugar de residencia, la estructura familiar, el estatus socioeconómico o la exposición a videojuegos y medios de comunicación con contenido violento. La delimitación de los factores de riesgo de violencia y un mayor conocimiento de la función que desempeñan resultan fundamentales para la implementación de programas de prevención en entornos educativos, así como para aumentar la eficacia y la efectividad de los ya existentes.AbstractThis paper presents a critical review of factors related to adolescent dating violence. More than 30 variables were found and then clustered into risk, protective, and modulator factors. Although most of these factors have been consistently associated with dating violence (perpetration, victimization, or both) some of them (e.g., sex, ethnic, residence, family structure, socioeconomic status, and exposure to violent video-games or media) show controversial results. The identification of key factors may lead to a more accurate knowledge of adolescent dating violence in order to implement more effective and efficient intervention programs

In this article, the effectiveness of a psychological treatment program for men who are in prison for committing a serious offence of gender violence is tested. The sample consisted of 52 men who were imprisoned in eight Spanish prisons. The psychological treatment was a cognitive-behavioral program, in a group format, with 20 weekly sessions that lasted for 8 months. The results showed a significant improvement of irrational beliefs, about both women and violence, as a strategy to cope with everyday difficulties and a significant decrease of psychopathological symptomatology, anger, and hostility. On the other hand, results indicated that the only difference between the patients who dropped out of treatment and those who completed it was the level of initial motivation for treatment. Implications of this study for clinical practice and future research in this field are discussed.

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski, et al., 2001) is a 36-item instrument for measuring cognitive strategies of emotional regulation. There is a brief, 18-item version that measures the same nine strategies as the full version (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006a). The aim of this study was to develop a brief form of the CERQ, taking into account two different proposals: a 27-item and an 18-item instrument, the latter focusing solely on the assessment of the two general factors obtained in the second-order structure of the original CERQ model and identified in previous studies as adaptive strategies and less adaptive strategies. Participants in the study were 872 individuals aged 18-58 (mean 33.86, SD=8.43). The confirmatory factor analyses yield adequate overall indices in both versions, together with satisfactory validity. In the discussion, it is argued that the 27-item version is more appropriate for the specific rating of the nine regulation strategies people employ, and we propose the 18-item version as a suitable instrument in clinical context for an overall rating of an individual’s cognitive emotion regulation profile, furthermore, the criterion validity with depression and anxiety keeps similar to the larger versions.