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Umut Türk
Department of Economics Abdullah Gül University Kayseri Turkey

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Original article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Regional Science Policy & Practice
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This paper provides a comprehensive overview of intergenerational income mobility in Sweden. Intergenerational income mobility is considered in both relative and absolute terms, and the analysis is carried out at the individual and municipality-level. We use multilevel models to explore the correlation between upward mobility and social, economic and demographic characteristics of cities. We account for a wider set of local characteristics, such as the spatial distribution of income inequality within city and housing affordability that have not been considered by previous studies analysing social mobility in the US or other European countries. The analyses is carried out on three subpopulations: offspring who live in a different municipality than their parents (spatial mobile population); offspring who live in the municipality where they grew up (spatial immobile population); offspring belonging to visible minority groups. Our results show substantial differences across municipalities meaning that the particular combination of municipality attributes contributes to shaping the chance of status attainment among young generations. Highly mobile municipalities have more significant human capital, more residential segregation by income, more local levels of income inequality, and greater accessibility to jobs. The results indicate that dependence on parents’ support and network for upward mobility is of less importance, and that spatial mobility (regardless of background) especially to larger urban areas are associated with upward mobility for the children.

ACS Style

Alessandra Michelangeli; John Östh; Umut Türk. Intergenerational income mobility in Sweden: A look at the spatial disparities across municipalities. Regional Science Policy & Practice 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Alessandra Michelangeli, John Östh, Umut Türk. Intergenerational income mobility in Sweden: A look at the spatial disparities across municipalities. Regional Science Policy & Practice. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandra Michelangeli; John Östh; Umut Türk. 2021. "Intergenerational income mobility in Sweden: A look at the spatial disparities across municipalities." Regional Science Policy & Practice , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Journal of Transport Geography
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Destination attractiveness research has become an important research domain in leisure and tourism economics. But the mobility behaviour of visitors in relation to local public transport access in tourist places is not yet well understood. The present paper seeks to fill this research gap by studying the attractiveness profile of 25 major tourist destination places in the world by means of a ‘big data’ analysis of the drivers of visitors' mobility behaviour and the use of public transport in these tourist places. We introduce the principle of ‘the path of least resistance’ to explain and model the spatial behaviour of visitors in these 25 global destination cities. We combine a spatial hedonic price model with geoscience techniques to better understand the place-based drivers of mobility patterns of tourists. In our empirical analysis, we use an extensive and rich database combining millions of Airbnb listings originating from the Airbnb platform, and complemented with TripAdvisor platform data and OpenStreetMap data. We first estimate the effect of the quality of the Airbnb listings, the surrounding tourist amenities, and the distance to specific urban amenities on the listed Airbnb prices. In a second step of the multilevel modelling procedure, we estimate the differential impact of accessibility to public transport on the quoted Airbnb prices of the tourist accommodations. The findings confirm the validity of our conceptual framework on ‘the path of least resistance’ for the spatial behaviour of tourists in destination places.

ACS Style

Umut Türk; John Östh; Karima Kourtit; Peter Nijkamp. The path of least resistance explaining tourist mobility patterns in destination areas using Airbnb data. Journal of Transport Geography 2021, 94, 103130 .

AMA Style

Umut Türk, John Östh, Karima Kourtit, Peter Nijkamp. The path of least resistance explaining tourist mobility patterns in destination areas using Airbnb data. Journal of Transport Geography. 2021; 94 ():103130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umut Türk; John Östh; Karima Kourtit; Peter Nijkamp. 2021. "The path of least resistance explaining tourist mobility patterns in destination areas using Airbnb data." Journal of Transport Geography 94, no. : 103130.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Sustainability
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HDI is a frequently used quantitative index of human potential and welfare, developed as a comprehensive measure for the cross-sectional and temporal comparison of socioeconomic performance. The HDI is a standardised quantitative estimation of welfare comprising indicators of health, knowledge and standard of living, enabling assessment over countries, regions or time periods, in case of limited data access. The index highlights critical conditions for equity and socioeconomic development outside the group of stakeholders and researchers. The HDI provides a learning potential that may be harnessed to enhance insights into the magnitude of human potential at super-local levels. In this paper we design, implement and test the validity of a super-local variant of HDI in the context of pedagogical performance of young pupils. We compare whether HDI is a good predictor for school grades among all ninth-grade students in Sweden during the year 2014. Our results show that a super-local HDI index is performing equal to or better than the one related to standard measures of human potential, while the index can be generated on individual levels using k-nearest neighbour approaches during the index creation process.

ACS Style

Umut Türk; John Östh; Marina Toger; Karima Kourtit. Using Individualised HDI Measures for Predicting Educational Performance of Young Students—A Swedish Case Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6087 .

AMA Style

Umut Türk, John Östh, Marina Toger, Karima Kourtit. Using Individualised HDI Measures for Predicting Educational Performance of Young Students—A Swedish Case Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6087.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umut Türk; John Östh; Marina Toger; Karima Kourtit. 2021. "Using Individualised HDI Measures for Predicting Educational Performance of Young Students—A Swedish Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6087.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Business & Management Studies: An International Journal
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This research investigates the survival probability of listings in the Airbnb platform during the COVID-19 period between January-October 2020 in Istanbul. In line with the research aim, Cox's Proportional Hazard Model is adopted to conduct survival analysis, where the physical and spatial attributes of Airbnb listings are used as predictors. Our findings show that while physical attributes show similarity to previous findings, spatial attributes show substantial differences in the Pre-COVID and Post-COVID comparison. The contributions of the study have two facets. Theoretically, this research's findings contribute to the current literature by understanding the changing consumer preferences and identifying the factors that affect Airbnb listings' survival rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings may also help practitioners understand changing customers' preferences during COVID, especially in terms of locational choices. Moreover, customer feedback's quality and quantity might help the Airbnb hosts to improve their service quality, attract more customers, and be more resilient under the changing conditions.

ACS Style

Umut Türk; Serap Sap. The effect of the COVID-19 on sharing economy: survival analysis of Airbnb listings. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 2021, 9, 215 -226.

AMA Style

Umut Türk, Serap Sap. The effect of the COVID-19 on sharing economy: survival analysis of Airbnb listings. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal. 2021; 9 (1):215-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umut Türk; Serap Sap. 2021. "The effect of the COVID-19 on sharing economy: survival analysis of Airbnb listings." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 9, no. 1: 215-226.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2020 in Cities
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The paper studies the role of cities in enhancing intergenerational social mobility. Cities, where children grew up, can provide resources and opportunities able to increase the chance of employment and status attainment. We assess intergenerational mobility in Italy, the most immobile country in Europe together with Greece and Portugal. We use a data survey providing information on the individual-level track of Italian students' life path from high school to occupation. We merge the data survey with city-level information on socio-economic conditions. We distinguish between students who attended university in the same city where they grew up and those who migrated to another city for higher education. Upward mobility turns out to be higher in: (i) larger cities by population size; (ii) more accessible cities; (iii) cities with low income inequality and high education levels. Also social values and cultural traits play a role in enhancing upward mobility. More generally, if we look at the bundle of factors identifying the urban context, we find that the effect of factors with a positive impact on upward mobility prevails in the Northern cities while the opposite occurs in the Southern cities.

ACS Style

Alessandra Michelangeli; Umut Türk. Cities as drivers of social mobility. Cities 2020, 108, 102969 .

AMA Style

Alessandra Michelangeli, Umut Türk. Cities as drivers of social mobility. Cities. 2020; 108 ():102969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandra Michelangeli; Umut Türk. 2020. "Cities as drivers of social mobility." Cities 108, no. : 102969.

Chapter
Published: 22 February 2020 in New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives
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Over the past years, we have observed a growing interest among social scientists and policy makers in deepening their understanding of the importance of the social capital concept, against the background of a broad set of socio-economic experiences in various countries. The concept is popularly defined as a set of individual and societal gains embedded in social ties and networks. The extent to which societies produce and benefit from social capital depends, inter alia, on locational characteristics such as human capital accumulation, segregation, employment rates, the wellbeing of individuals, as well as daily and periodic mobility patterns in relation to the job/housing balance, commuting distances, and in a general sense, rural-urban differences. The aim of this chapter is to examine the impact of job accessibility on social capital at a regional scale, with special attention to rural areas. Job accessibility is considered as an indicator of spatial connectivity, and thus it can strongly relate to social capital. The associated analyses will be done by empirically studying Turkish and Italian provinces (on the basis of the European Union-NUTS3 level regions). A quantile regression model is employed to examine job accessibility and rurality in relation to social capital in 81 Turkish and 110 Italian provinces. In the analysis, social capital is measured by a community resilience index based on a set of relevant data on civic infrastructure, metropolitan stability, homeownership, and political participation. The empirical analysis is carried out for Italy and Turkey. In the last few decades, both countries have experienced a decline in rural livelihood and now have a similar percentage of rural population. Meanwhile, mainly due to the geographical and socio-economic structure, the two countries show different patterns and development characteristics of accessibility. The findings of this paper highlight these differences and similarities, and show social capital variations in response to accessibility and rurality in both Turkey and Italy.

ACS Style

Umut Türk; Martina Dolciotti; John Östh; Aura Reggiani; Peter Nijkamp. Social Capital, Rurality, and Accessibility: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Italy. New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives 2020, 475 -496.

AMA Style

Umut Türk, Martina Dolciotti, John Östh, Aura Reggiani, Peter Nijkamp. Social Capital, Rurality, and Accessibility: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Italy. New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives. 2020; ():475-496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umut Türk; Martina Dolciotti; John Östh; Aura Reggiani; Peter Nijkamp. 2020. "Social Capital, Rurality, and Accessibility: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Italy." New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives , no. : 475-496.

Original article
Published: 30 March 2019 in Journal of Geographical Systems
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To what extent an individual is successful in a variety of outcomes is the result of multiple factors such as (but not limited to) parental background, level of education, discrimination and business cycles. Factors like these also indicate that the success in life can be attributable to factors that both take individual-level merits into account but also to structural factors such as discrimination and contextual effects. Over the last decades, a growing interest in decomposing and categorising factors that affect the life chances of individuals has led to the formation of inequality of opportunity as a research field. This paper builds upon this growing literature, which amounts to quantify the contribution of factors that lie beyond the control of individuals to the total inequality observed in different spheres of life. Using rich Swedish longitudinal register data, we are able to follow individuals over time and their educational attainment during upbringing and later labour market outcomes. In difference from other inequality of opportunity studies, we make use of an egocentric neighbourhood approach to integrate the socio-economic composition of the parental neighbourhood in an inequality model and illustrate its contribution to the total inequality in both outcomes quantitatively. Using multilevel regression analyses, we show that the parental neighbourhood is highly influential in educational attainment and remains so for market outcomes even years after exposure.

ACS Style

Umut Türk; John Östh. How much does geography contribute? Measuring inequality of opportunities using a bespoke neighbourhood approach. Journal of Geographical Systems 2019, 21, 295 -318.

AMA Style

Umut Türk, John Östh. How much does geography contribute? Measuring inequality of opportunities using a bespoke neighbourhood approach. Journal of Geographical Systems. 2019; 21 (2):295-318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umut Türk; John Östh. 2019. "How much does geography contribute? Measuring inequality of opportunities using a bespoke neighbourhood approach." Journal of Geographical Systems 21, no. 2: 295-318.

Article
Published: 12 February 2019 in Networks and Spatial Economics
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This paper introduces a modified version of the Hansen-gravity model as a framework to estimate the accessibility of higher education (HE) institutions in Italy from equal opportunities perspective. The fundamental assumption underlying gravity models is that accessibility decreases with spatial distance from opportunities. The paper extends the gravity equation to include socio-economic factors influencing the access to HE. The findings reveal differences in response to quality and other institutional characteristics by parental background and gender. Finally, decomposition of overall inequality into spatial and aspatial components reveals both the physical and social distance between groups of students seeking higher education opportunities in the country.

ACS Style

Umut Türk. Socio-Economic Determinants of Student Mobility and Inequality of Access to Higher Education in Italy. Networks and Spatial Economics 2019, 19, 125 -148.

AMA Style

Umut Türk. Socio-Economic Determinants of Student Mobility and Inequality of Access to Higher Education in Italy. Networks and Spatial Economics. 2019; 19 (1):125-148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umut Türk. 2019. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Student Mobility and Inequality of Access to Higher Education in Italy." Networks and Spatial Economics 19, no. 1: 125-148.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2017 in Business and Economic Research
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Most previous research has focused on individual and family characteristics as predictors of high school leavers’ behaviour towards higher education. However, far too little attention has been paid to the spatial dimension of the subject. This paper aims to narrow this gap by studying whether spatial accessibility of universities from parental residences influences the decisions of higher education participation and dropouts once enrolled to a university in Italy. First a modified version of Hansen gravity index measures the accessibility of HE institutions then a Probit model uses computed access scores across Italian provinces (NUTS3 level regions) to explore likelihood of university attendance and completion. The results show that spatial accessibility is influential when deciding to enrol a university and for successfully completing a degree.

ACS Style

Umut Türk. Higher Education in Italy: Spatial Accessibility, Participation and Drop-outs. Business and Economic Research 2017, 8, 38 .

AMA Style

Umut Türk. Higher Education in Italy: Spatial Accessibility, Participation and Drop-outs. Business and Economic Research. 2017; 8 (1):38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umut Türk. 2017. "Higher Education in Italy: Spatial Accessibility, Participation and Drop-outs." Business and Economic Research 8, no. 1: 38.