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Species assemblages often have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. However, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to relate ten traits hypothesized to affect assemblage structure with the ‘role’ of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which it appeared. We characterized the role of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species ‘normalized degree’), and the role of that species in the nested structure of the assemblage (i.e., the species ‘paired nested degree’), thus identifying possible facilitative interactions among species. We found that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. We also found that social foragers had a large paired nested degree in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our study highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify key species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological function of scavenger assemblages.
Esther Sebastián‐González; Zebensui Morales‐Reyes; Francisco Botella; Lara Naves‐Alegre; Juan M. Pérez‐García; Patricia Mateo‐Tomás; Pedro P. Olea; Marcos Moleón; Jomar Magalhães Barbosa; Fernando Hiraldo; Eneko Arrondo; José A. Donázar; Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda; Nuria Selva; Sergio A. Lambertucci; Aishwarya Bhattacharjee; Alexis L. Brewer; Erin F. Abernethy; Kelsey L. Turner; James C. Beasley; Travis L. DeVault; Hannah C. Gerke; Olin E. Rhodes Jr; Andrés Ordiz; Camilla Wikenros; Barbara Zimmermann; Petter Wabakken; Christopher C. Wilmers; Justine A. Smith; Corinne J. Kendall; Darcy Ogada; Ethan Frehner; Maximilian L. Allen; Heiko U. Wittmer; James R. A. Butler; Johan T. du Toit; Antoni Margalida; Pilar Oliva‐Vidal; David Wilson; Klemen Jerina; Miha Krofel; Rich Kostecke; Richard Inger; Esra Per; Yunus Ayhan; Mehmet Sancı; Ünsal Yılmazer; Akino Inagaki; Shinsuke Koike; Arockianathan Samson; Paula L. Perrig; Emma Spencer; Thomas M. Newsome; Marco Heurich; José D. Anadón; Evan R. Buechley; Cayetano Gutiérrez‐Cánovas; L. Mark Elbroch; José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. Functional traits driving species role in the structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger networks. Ecology 2021, e03519 .
AMA StyleEsther Sebastián‐González, Zebensui Morales‐Reyes, Francisco Botella, Lara Naves‐Alegre, Juan M. Pérez‐García, Patricia Mateo‐Tomás, Pedro P. Olea, Marcos Moleón, Jomar Magalhães Barbosa, Fernando Hiraldo, Eneko Arrondo, José A. Donázar, Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda, Nuria Selva, Sergio A. Lambertucci, Aishwarya Bhattacharjee, Alexis L. Brewer, Erin F. Abernethy, Kelsey L. Turner, James C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, Hannah C. Gerke, Olin E. Rhodes Jr, Andrés Ordiz, Camilla Wikenros, Barbara Zimmermann, Petter Wabakken, Christopher C. Wilmers, Justine A. Smith, Corinne J. Kendall, Darcy Ogada, Ethan Frehner, Maximilian L. Allen, Heiko U. Wittmer, James R. A. Butler, Johan T. du Toit, Antoni Margalida, Pilar Oliva‐Vidal, David Wilson, Klemen Jerina, Miha Krofel, Rich Kostecke, Richard Inger, Esra Per, Yunus Ayhan, Mehmet Sancı, Ünsal Yılmazer, Akino Inagaki, Shinsuke Koike, Arockianathan Samson, Paula L. Perrig, Emma Spencer, Thomas M. Newsome, Marco Heurich, José D. Anadón, Evan R. Buechley, Cayetano Gutiérrez‐Cánovas, L. Mark Elbroch, José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. Functional traits driving species role in the structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger networks. Ecology. 2021; ():e03519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsther Sebastián‐González; Zebensui Morales‐Reyes; Francisco Botella; Lara Naves‐Alegre; Juan M. Pérez‐García; Patricia Mateo‐Tomás; Pedro P. Olea; Marcos Moleón; Jomar Magalhães Barbosa; Fernando Hiraldo; Eneko Arrondo; José A. Donázar; Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda; Nuria Selva; Sergio A. Lambertucci; Aishwarya Bhattacharjee; Alexis L. Brewer; Erin F. Abernethy; Kelsey L. Turner; James C. Beasley; Travis L. DeVault; Hannah C. Gerke; Olin E. Rhodes Jr; Andrés Ordiz; Camilla Wikenros; Barbara Zimmermann; Petter Wabakken; Christopher C. Wilmers; Justine A. Smith; Corinne J. Kendall; Darcy Ogada; Ethan Frehner; Maximilian L. Allen; Heiko U. Wittmer; James R. A. Butler; Johan T. du Toit; Antoni Margalida; Pilar Oliva‐Vidal; David Wilson; Klemen Jerina; Miha Krofel; Rich Kostecke; Richard Inger; Esra Per; Yunus Ayhan; Mehmet Sancı; Ünsal Yılmazer; Akino Inagaki; Shinsuke Koike; Arockianathan Samson; Paula L. Perrig; Emma Spencer; Thomas M. Newsome; Marco Heurich; José D. Anadón; Evan R. Buechley; Cayetano Gutiérrez‐Cánovas; L. Mark Elbroch; José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. 2021. "Functional traits driving species role in the structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger networks." Ecology , no. : e03519.
Nature's contributions to people (NCP) may be both beneficial and detrimental to humans' quality of life. Since our origins, humans have been closely related to wild ungulates, which have traditionally played an outstanding role as a source of food or raw materials. Currently, wild ungulates are declining in some regions, but recovering in others throughout passive rewilding processes. This is reshaping human-ungulate interactions. Thus, adequately understanding the benefits and detriments associated with wild ungulate populations is necessary to promote human-ungulate co-existence. Here, we reviewed 575 articles (2000-2019) on human-wild ungulate interactions to identify key knowledge gaps on NCP associated with wild ungulates. Wild ungulate research was mainly distributed into seven research clusters focussing on: (1) silvicultural damage in Eurasia; (2) herbivory and natural vegetation; (3) conflicts in urban areas of North America; (4) agricultural damage in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems; (5) social research in Africa and Asia; (6) agricultural damage in North America; (7) research in natural American Northwest areas. Research mostly focused on detrimental NCP. However, the number of publications mentioning beneficial contributions increased after the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services conceptual framework was implemented. Human-ungulate interactions' research was biased towards the Global North and Cervidae, Suidae and Bovidae families. Regarding detrimental NCP, most publications referred to production damage (e.g. crops), followed by biodiversity damage, and material damage (e.g. traffic collisions). Regarding beneficial NCP, publications mainly highlighted non-material contributions (e.g. recreational hunting), followed by material NCP and regulating contributions (e.g. habitat creation). The main actions taken to manage wild ungulate populations were lethal control and using deterrents and barriers (e.g. fencing), which effectiveness was rarely assessed. Increasing research and awareness about beneficial NCP and effective management tools may help to improve the conservation of wild ungulates and the ecosystems they inhabit to facilitate people-ungulate co-existence in the Anthropocene.
Roberto Pascual-Rico; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá; Agnieszka Olszańska; Esther Sebastián-González; Robin Naidoo; Marcos Moleón; Jorge Lozano; Francisco Botella; Henrik von Wehrden; Berta Martín-López; José A. Sánchez-Zapata. Usually hated, sometimes loved: A review of wild ungulates' contributions to people. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 801, 149652 .
AMA StyleRoberto Pascual-Rico, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá, Agnieszka Olszańska, Esther Sebastián-González, Robin Naidoo, Marcos Moleón, Jorge Lozano, Francisco Botella, Henrik von Wehrden, Berta Martín-López, José A. Sánchez-Zapata. Usually hated, sometimes loved: A review of wild ungulates' contributions to people. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 801 ():149652.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Pascual-Rico; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá; Agnieszka Olszańska; Esther Sebastián-González; Robin Naidoo; Marcos Moleón; Jorge Lozano; Francisco Botella; Henrik von Wehrden; Berta Martín-López; José A. Sánchez-Zapata. 2021. "Usually hated, sometimes loved: A review of wild ungulates' contributions to people." Science of The Total Environment 801, no. : 149652.
Data for the article entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene". The data includes 5 main datasets, each of those corresponding to 5 main carrion production sources in terrestrial ecosystems in peninsular Spain, namely; 1) Livestock, 2) Big Game Hunting, 3) Roadkills, 4) Predation and 5) Natural mortality. In case of any doubt/s or enquiries regarding this data, please, send an email to the corresponding author; Jon Morant Etxebarria (email: [email protected]).
Jon Morant; Eneko Arrondo; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Marcos Moleón; José A. Donázar; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Pascual López-López; Héctor Ruiz-Villar; Iñigo Zuberogoitia; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Lara Naves-Alegre; Esther Sebastián-González. Data for the manuscript entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene". 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJon Morant, Eneko Arrondo, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Marcos Moleón, José A. Donázar, José A. Sánchez-Zapata, Pascual López-López, Héctor Ruiz-Villar, Iñigo Zuberogoitia, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Lara Naves-Alegre, Esther Sebastián-González. Data for the manuscript entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene". . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Morant; Eneko Arrondo; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Marcos Moleón; José A. Donázar; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Pascual López-López; Héctor Ruiz-Villar; Iñigo Zuberogoitia; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Lara Naves-Alegre; Esther Sebastián-González. 2021. "Data for the manuscript entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene"." , no. : 1.
Data for the article entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene". The data includes 5 main datasets, each of those corresponding to 5 main carrion production sources in terrestrial ecosystems in peninsular Spain, namely; 1) Livestock, 2) Big Game Hunting, 3) Roadkills, 4) Predation and 5) Natural mortality. In case of any doubt/s or enquiries regarding this data, please, send an email to the corresponding author; Jon Morant Etxebarria (email: [email protected]).
Jon Morant; Eneko Arrondo; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Marcos Moleón; José A. Donázar; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Pascual López-López; Héctor Ruiz-Villar; Iñigo Zuberogoitia; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Lara Naves-Alegre; Esther Sebastián-González. Data for the manuscript entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene". 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJon Morant, Eneko Arrondo, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Marcos Moleón, José A. Donázar, José A. Sánchez-Zapata, Pascual López-López, Héctor Ruiz-Villar, Iñigo Zuberogoitia, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Lara Naves-Alegre, Esther Sebastián-González. Data for the manuscript entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene". . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Morant; Eneko Arrondo; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Marcos Moleón; José A. Donázar; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Pascual López-López; Héctor Ruiz-Villar; Iñigo Zuberogoitia; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Lara Naves-Alegre; Esther Sebastián-González. 2021. "Data for the manuscript entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene"." , no. : 1.
Scavenging is widespread among vertebrates, being very important for maintaining certain ecosystem functions. Despite this, the scavenger communities remain poorly known in some biomes, especially in the Neotropics. Our main objective was to describe for the first time the scavenger community and identify the factors affecting scavenging efficiency in the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyzed the effects of vegetation cover, time of carcass placement and carcass weight, on scavenger species richness, individual abundances, carcass detection and consumption times, and carcass consumption rate. We monitored 11 large and 45 small carcasses using automatic cameras. We documented a total of 19 vertebrate scavenging species, four species of vultures and 15 facultative scavengers. We found that carcass size was the most important factor affecting the scavenger assemblage and consumption patterns. Large carcasses were dominated by vultures, whereas small carcasses were consumed mainly by facultative scavengers. We also found differences between large and small carcasses in all carcass consumption variables except for detection time. However, we did not find an effect of vegetation cover or time of carcass placement on scavenging patterns. The negligible role of mammals and non-raptor birds in large carcasses is also noteworthy, probably due to the consumption and foraging efficiency of the vultures, and the more frugivorous habits of the mesocarnivores. Our results show a highly diverse and efficient scavenging vertebrate community in the Brazilian Cerrado, and the need to preserve them in the face of the significant habitat transformations suffered by this biodiversity hotspot.
Lara Naves‐Alegre; Zebensui Morales‐Reyes; José Antonio Sánchez‐Zapata; Carlos Javier Durá‐Alemañ; Leilda Gonçalves Lima; Lourival Machado Lima; Esther Sebastián‐González. Uncovering the vertebrate scavenger guild composition and functioning in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot. Biotropica 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLara Naves‐Alegre, Zebensui Morales‐Reyes, José Antonio Sánchez‐Zapata, Carlos Javier Durá‐Alemañ, Leilda Gonçalves Lima, Lourival Machado Lima, Esther Sebastián‐González. Uncovering the vertebrate scavenger guild composition and functioning in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot. Biotropica. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara Naves‐Alegre; Zebensui Morales‐Reyes; José Antonio Sánchez‐Zapata; Carlos Javier Durá‐Alemañ; Leilda Gonçalves Lima; Lourival Machado Lima; Esther Sebastián‐González. 2021. "Uncovering the vertebrate scavenger guild composition and functioning in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot." Biotropica , no. : 1.
Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are fundamental to human well-being. In particular, non-material NCP, defined as effects on personal perspectives which enhance people's quality of life, are currently the most abstract and least well-defined NCP. Avian scavengers are a globally threatened guild that plays a key role in our society but currently only valued for their NCP of disease control and carcass removal. We describe the first economic valuation of the recreational and educational experiences brought by avian scavenger-based tourism in Spain, concretely, at vulture supplementary feeding sites (SFS) in the Pyrenees and their important contribution to the incomes of the local human population. Between February 2018 and January 2020, we collected information on the management and characteristics of 53 (c. 80%) of the Pyrenean SFS using telephone interviews and questionnaires. We estimated that photography and avian scavenger-watching at SFS produce an average of US $4.90 ± 2.67 million annually, including US $2.53 ± 1.36 million in direct economic benefits to the local population. Using a conservative economic approach, this study is one of only a few to value some of the important non-material contribution provided by avian scavengers to our society. Our study also suggests that further research on non-material NCP provided by avian scavengers at SFS is needed. Finally, we discuss the delicate balance between recreational experiences arising from wildlife-based tourism and biodiversity conservation, contrasting the contribution of SFS to the income of local human populations against the problems they raise for vulture conservation.
Ruth García-Jiménez; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Juan M. Pérez-García; Antoni Margalida. Economic valuation of non-material contributions to people provided by avian scavengers: Harmonizing conservation and wildlife-based tourism. Ecological Economics 2021, 187, 107088 .
AMA StyleRuth García-Jiménez, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Juan M. Pérez-García, Antoni Margalida. Economic valuation of non-material contributions to people provided by avian scavengers: Harmonizing conservation and wildlife-based tourism. Ecological Economics. 2021; 187 ():107088.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuth García-Jiménez; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Juan M. Pérez-García; Antoni Margalida. 2021. "Economic valuation of non-material contributions to people provided by avian scavengers: Harmonizing conservation and wildlife-based tourism." Ecological Economics 187, no. : 107088.
Despite the essential role that vertebrate scavengers play in ecosystems, most studies have been conducted in Europe and North America, and there is a lack of information on vertebrate scavengers in vast regions of the world. Our aim was to describe the functioning and composition of the unknown vertebrate scavenger assemblage in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, and determine how carcass size and habitat type affect species composition and carrion use. We monitored carcasses with camera traps and we also conducted observation points to survey the raptor community and identify the proportion of raptor species making use of the carcasses. We recorded eight vertebrate scavenger species (five birds and three mammals) by camera trap and seven raptors at observation points. Over half of the raptor species recorded at the observation points were also found feeding on carrion. The two most threatened species were only recorded in the mountain habitat. Furthermore, scavenger abundance and consumption rates were higher at large carcasses. This study highlights the importance of scavenging by raptors and other vertebrate scavengers for carrion elimination in ecosystems with extreme climatic conditions.
Adrian Orihuela-Torres; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Juan M. Pérez-García; Lara Naves-Alegre; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Esther Sebastián-González. Unravelling the vertebrate scavenger assemblage in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Journal of Arid Environments 2021, 190, 104509 .
AMA StyleAdrian Orihuela-Torres, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Juan M. Pérez-García, Lara Naves-Alegre, José A. Sánchez-Zapata, Esther Sebastián-González. Unravelling the vertebrate scavenger assemblage in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Journal of Arid Environments. 2021; 190 ():104509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdrian Orihuela-Torres; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Juan M. Pérez-García; Lara Naves-Alegre; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Esther Sebastián-González. 2021. "Unravelling the vertebrate scavenger assemblage in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia." Journal of Arid Environments 190, no. : 104509.
Intentional poisoning is a global wildlife problem and an overlooked risk factor for public health. Managing poisoning requires unbiased and high-quality data through wildlife monitoring protocols, which are largely lacking. We herein evaluated the biases associated with current monitoring programmes of wildlife poisoning in Spain. We compared the national poisoning database for the 1990–2015 period with information obtained from a field experiment during which we used camera-traps to detect the species that consumed non-poisoned baits. Our findings suggest that the detection rate of poisoned animals is species-dependent: Several animal groups (e.g., domestic mammalian carnivores and vultures) tended to be over-represented in the poisoning national database, while others (e.g., corvids and small mammals) were underrepresented. As revealed by the GLMM analyses, the probability of a given species being overrepresented was higher for heaviest, aerial, and cryptic species. In conclusion, we found that monitoring poisoned fauna based on heterogeneous sources may produce important biases in detection rates; thus, such information should be used with caution by managers and policy-makers. Our findings may guide to future search efforts aimed to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the intentional wildlife poisoning problem.
José Gil-Sánchez; Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá; Marcos Moleón; Esther Sebastián-González; Antoni Margalida; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Carlos Durá-Alemañ; Pilar Oliva-Vidal; Juan Pérez-García; José Sánchez-Zapata. Biases in the Detection of Intentionally Poisoned Animals: Public Health and Conservation Implications from a Field Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1201 .
AMA StyleJosé Gil-Sánchez, Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá, Marcos Moleón, Esther Sebastián-González, Antoni Margalida, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Carlos Durá-Alemañ, Pilar Oliva-Vidal, Juan Pérez-García, José Sánchez-Zapata. Biases in the Detection of Intentionally Poisoned Animals: Public Health and Conservation Implications from a Field Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1201.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Gil-Sánchez; Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá; Marcos Moleón; Esther Sebastián-González; Antoni Margalida; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Carlos Durá-Alemañ; Pilar Oliva-Vidal; Juan Pérez-García; José Sánchez-Zapata. 2021. "Biases in the Detection of Intentionally Poisoned Animals: Public Health and Conservation Implications from a Field Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1201.
Identifying the most appropriate bait for a camera trap study is an important step in sampling design, as some baits may perform better than others in attracting different animal species. In this study, we compare the vertebrate communities detected using five different widely used baits (i.e., fruit, sardines, valerian extract, a mix of sweet fruits and peanut butter, and a combination of valerian extract and sardines). We assess their performance and characterize the species best detected by each bait in the diverse Cerrado biome. We identified a total of 46 species of vertebrates: 15 mammals, 4 reptiles, and 27 birds. The baits differed in their estimates of community composition, richness, and abundance. In general, valerian extract detected fewer individuals and species than any of the other baits. Fruits detected the largest number of bird species. Sardines detected the largest number of species overall and were the best bait for felines and reptiles. Baits of an animal origin performed similarly to those of a plant origin. Our study shows that baits should be selected based on the objective of the study.
Esther Sebastián-González; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Lara Naves-Alegre; Carlos Javier Durá Alemañ; Leilda Gonçalves Lima; Lourival Machado Lima; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. Which bait should I use? Insights from a camera trap study in a highly diverse cerrado forest. European Journal of Wildlife Research 2020, 66, 1 -8.
AMA StyleEsther Sebastián-González, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Lara Naves-Alegre, Carlos Javier Durá Alemañ, Leilda Gonçalves Lima, Lourival Machado Lima, José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. Which bait should I use? Insights from a camera trap study in a highly diverse cerrado forest. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2020; 66 (6):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsther Sebastián-González; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Lara Naves-Alegre; Carlos Javier Durá Alemañ; Leilda Gonçalves Lima; Lourival Machado Lima; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. 2020. "Which bait should I use? Insights from a camera trap study in a highly diverse cerrado forest." European Journal of Wildlife Research 66, no. 6: 1-8.
In today’s societies, scavengers play an important role as providers of nature’s contribution to people (NCP), such as disease control and carcass removal. Yet very little is known about the non-material NCP (i.e. nature’s effects on subjective and psychological aspects of people’s well-being) that scavengers provide societies with. The first aim of this study is to determine which species of obligate and facultative scavengers provide different non-material NCP in Spain, including recreational and aesthetic experiences, learning and inspiration, and supporting identities. The second aim is to identify which ecological variables determine their capacity to provide the aforementioned non-material NCP. To assess non-material NCP nationwide, data were collected from different sources, including the Internet (websites of nature photography and wildlife watching tours, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Google Trends), outreach magazines and scientific articles. A top predator, Canis lupus, followed by an obligate scavenger, Gyps fulvus, were among the most prominent species to provide multiple non-material NCP. Aesthetic experiences were provided mainly by common species, such as Genetta genetta, Milvus migrans and corvids. The NCP of recreation and learning by civil society were provided by threatened and charismatic species, such as C. lupus, Ursus arctos and Aquila adalberti. Knowledge acquired by scientists was provided mainly by meso-carnivores. Finally, the NCP of supporting identities was related with species capable of providing beneficial and detrimental contributions, such as C. lupus and Sus scrofa. Integrating data mined from different sources has allowed it to reveal the interweaving among non-material categories. Recognising that all species of scavengers are essential for providing non-material NCP can raise society’s awareness about their important cultural role and may, hence, contribute to their conservation.
Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Berta Martín-López; Marcos Moleón; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. Role of scavengers in providing non-material contributions to people. Ecological Indicators 2020, 117, 106643 .
AMA StyleNatividad Aguilera-Alcalá, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Berta Martín-López, Marcos Moleón, José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. Role of scavengers in providing non-material contributions to people. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 117 ():106643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatividad Aguilera-Alcalá; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Berta Martín-López; Marcos Moleón; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. 2020. "Role of scavengers in providing non-material contributions to people." Ecological Indicators 117, no. : 106643.
The organization of ecological assemblages has important implications for ecosystem functioning, but little is known about how scavenger communities organize at the global scale. Here, we test four hypotheses on the factors affecting the network structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblages and its implications on ecosystem functioning. We expect scavenger assemblages to be more nested (i.e. structured): 1) in species‐rich and productive regions, as nestedness has been linked to high competition for carrion resources, and 2) regions with low human impact, because the most efficient carrion consumers that promote nestedness are large vertebrate scavengers, which are especially sensitive to human persecution. 3) We also expect climatic conditions to affect assemblage structure, because some scavenger assemblages have been shown to be more nested in colder months. Finally, 4) we expect more organized assemblages to be more efficient in the consumption of the resource. We first analyzed the relationship between the nestedness of the scavenger assemblages and climatic variables (i.e. temperature, precipitation, temperature variability and precipitation variability), ecosystem productivity and biomass (i.e. NDVI) and degree of human impact (i.e. human footprint) using 53 study sites in 22 countries across five continents. Then, we related structure (i.e. nestedness) with its function (i.e. carrion consumption rate). We found a more nested structure for scavenger assemblages in regions with higher NDVI values and lower human footprint. Moreover, more organized assemblages were more efficient in the consumption of carrion. However, our results did not support the prediction that the structure of the scavenger assemblages is directly related to climate. Our findings suggest that the nested structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages affects its functionality and is driven by anthropogenic disturbance and ecosystem productivity worldwide. Disarray of scavenger assemblage structure by anthropogenic disturbance may lead to decreases in functionality of the terrestrial ecosystems via loss of key species and trophic facilitation processes.
Esther Sebastián‐González; Zebensui Morales‐Reyes; Francisco Botella; Lara Naves Alegre; Juan Manuel Pérez-García; Patricia Mateo‐Tomás; Pedro P. Olea; Marcos Moleón; Jomar Magalhaes Barbosa; Fernando Hiraldo; Eneko Arrondo; José A. Donázar; Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda; Nuria Selva; Sergio A. Lambertucci; Aishwarya Bhattacharjee; Alexis L. Brewer; Erin F. Abernethy; Kelsey L. Turner; James C. Beasley; Travis L. DeVault; Hannah C. Gerke; Olin E. Rhodes Jr; Andrés Ordiz; Camilla Wikenros; Barbara Zimmermann; Petter Wabakken; Christopher C. Wilmers; Justine A. Smith; Corinne J. Kendall; Darcy Ogada; Ethan Frehner; Maximilian L. Allen; Heiko U. Wittmer; James R. A. Butler; Johan T du Toit; Antoni Margalida; Pilar Oliva‐Vidal; David Wilson; Klemen Jerina; Miha Krofel; Rich Kostecke; Richard Inger; Esra Per; Yunus Ayhan; Hasan Ulusoy; Doğanay Vural; Akino Inagaki; Shinsuke Koike; Arockianathan Samson; Paula L. Perrig; Emma Spencer; Thomas M. Newsome; Marco Heurich; José D. Anadón; Evan R. Buechley; José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications. Ecography 2020, 43, 1143 -1155.
AMA StyleEsther Sebastián‐González, Zebensui Morales‐Reyes, Francisco Botella, Lara Naves Alegre, Juan Manuel Pérez-García, Patricia Mateo‐Tomás, Pedro P. Olea, Marcos Moleón, Jomar Magalhaes Barbosa, Fernando Hiraldo, Eneko Arrondo, José A. Donázar, Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda, Nuria Selva, Sergio A. Lambertucci, Aishwarya Bhattacharjee, Alexis L. Brewer, Erin F. Abernethy, Kelsey L. Turner, James C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, Hannah C. Gerke, Olin E. Rhodes Jr, Andrés Ordiz, Camilla Wikenros, Barbara Zimmermann, Petter Wabakken, Christopher C. Wilmers, Justine A. Smith, Corinne J. Kendall, Darcy Ogada, Ethan Frehner, Maximilian L. Allen, Heiko U. Wittmer, James R. A. Butler, Johan T du Toit, Antoni Margalida, Pilar Oliva‐Vidal, David Wilson, Klemen Jerina, Miha Krofel, Rich Kostecke, Richard Inger, Esra Per, Yunus Ayhan, Hasan Ulusoy, Doğanay Vural, Akino Inagaki, Shinsuke Koike, Arockianathan Samson, Paula L. Perrig, Emma Spencer, Thomas M. Newsome, Marco Heurich, José D. Anadón, Evan R. Buechley, José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications. Ecography. 2020; 43 (8):1143-1155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsther Sebastián‐González; Zebensui Morales‐Reyes; Francisco Botella; Lara Naves Alegre; Juan Manuel Pérez-García; Patricia Mateo‐Tomás; Pedro P. Olea; Marcos Moleón; Jomar Magalhaes Barbosa; Fernando Hiraldo; Eneko Arrondo; José A. Donázar; Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda; Nuria Selva; Sergio A. Lambertucci; Aishwarya Bhattacharjee; Alexis L. Brewer; Erin F. Abernethy; Kelsey L. Turner; James C. Beasley; Travis L. DeVault; Hannah C. Gerke; Olin E. Rhodes Jr; Andrés Ordiz; Camilla Wikenros; Barbara Zimmermann; Petter Wabakken; Christopher C. Wilmers; Justine A. Smith; Corinne J. Kendall; Darcy Ogada; Ethan Frehner; Maximilian L. Allen; Heiko U. Wittmer; James R. A. Butler; Johan T du Toit; Antoni Margalida; Pilar Oliva‐Vidal; David Wilson; Klemen Jerina; Miha Krofel; Rich Kostecke; Richard Inger; Esra Per; Yunus Ayhan; Hasan Ulusoy; Doğanay Vural; Akino Inagaki; Shinsuke Koike; Arockianathan Samson; Paula L. Perrig; Emma Spencer; Thomas M. Newsome; Marco Heurich; José D. Anadón; Evan R. Buechley; José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. 2020. "Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications." Ecography 43, no. 8: 1143-1155.
Concern for megafauna is increasing among scientists and non-scientists. Many studies have emphasized that megafauna play prominent ecological roles and provide important ecosystem services to humanity. But, what precisely are ‘megafauna’? Here, we critically assess the concept of megafauna and propose a goal-oriented framework for megafaunal research. First, we review definitions of megafauna and analyse associated terminology in the scientific literature. Second, we conduct a survey among ecologists and palaeontologists to assess the species traits used to identify and define megafauna. Our review indicates that definitions are highly dependent on the study ecosystem and research question, and primarily rely on ad hoc size-related criteria. Our survey suggests that body size is crucial, but not necessarily sufficient, for addressing the different applications of the term megafauna. Thus, after discussing the pros and cons of existing definitions, we propose an additional approach by defining two function-oriented megafaunal concepts: ‘keystone megafauna’ and ‘functional megafauna’, with its variant ‘apex megafauna’. Assessing megafauna from a functional perspective could challenge the perception that there may not be a unifying definition of megafauna that can be applied to all eco-evolutionary narratives. In addition, using functional definitions of megafauna could be especially conducive to cross-disciplinary understanding and cooperation, improvement of conservation policy and practice, and strengthening of public perception. As megafaunal research advances, we encourage scientists to unambiguously define how they use the term ‘megafauna’ and to present the logic underpinning their definition.
Marcos Moleón; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; José A. Donázar; Eloy Revilla; Berta Martín-López; Cayetano Gutierrez Canovas; Wayne M. Getz; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz; Larry B. Crowder; Mauro Galetti; Manuela Gonzalez Suarez; Fengzhi He; Pedro Jordano; Rebecca Lewison; Robin Naidoo; Norman Owen-Smith; Nuria Selva; Jens-Christian Svenning; José L. Tella; Christiane Zarfl; Sonja C. Jähnig; Matt W. Hayward; Søren Faurby; Nuria García; Anthony D. Barnosky; Klement Tockner. Rethinking megafauna. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 2020, 287, 20192643 .
AMA StyleMarcos Moleón, José A. Sánchez-Zapata, José A. Donázar, Eloy Revilla, Berta Martín-López, Cayetano Gutierrez Canovas, Wayne M. Getz, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz, Larry B. Crowder, Mauro Galetti, Manuela Gonzalez Suarez, Fengzhi He, Pedro Jordano, Rebecca Lewison, Robin Naidoo, Norman Owen-Smith, Nuria Selva, Jens-Christian Svenning, José L. Tella, Christiane Zarfl, Sonja C. Jähnig, Matt W. Hayward, Søren Faurby, Nuria García, Anthony D. Barnosky, Klement Tockner. Rethinking megafauna. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 2020; 287 (1922):20192643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Moleón; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; José A. Donázar; Eloy Revilla; Berta Martín-López; Cayetano Gutierrez Canovas; Wayne M. Getz; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz; Larry B. Crowder; Mauro Galetti; Manuela Gonzalez Suarez; Fengzhi He; Pedro Jordano; Rebecca Lewison; Robin Naidoo; Norman Owen-Smith; Nuria Selva; Jens-Christian Svenning; José L. Tella; Christiane Zarfl; Sonja C. Jähnig; Matt W. Hayward; Søren Faurby; Nuria García; Anthony D. Barnosky; Klement Tockner. 2020. "Rethinking megafauna." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1922: 20192643.
Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are all the contributions of living nature, both beneficial and detrimental, to the societies' life's quality. Ungulates play this dual role of providers of beneficial and detrimental NCP, as they are responsible of the supply of benefits (e.g. extractive experiences, habitat maintenance) and detriments (e.g. crops damage, traffic collisions). Our aim was to analyze the NCP provided by wild ungulates through examining the scientific priorities and the shepherds' perceptions in peninsular Spain. We reviewed scientific articles of NCP provided by ungulates in Spain and conducted questionnaires regarding NCP to shepherds in farming systems where domestic and wild ungulates cohabit. Then, we compared whether the scientific priorities match with those perceived by shepherds. Both stakeholders highlight more detrimental than beneficial NCP, although there are some mismatches between scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions. Regarding detrimental NCP, soil alteration, silvicultural damage, human safety or traffic collision were included in scientific literature but not mentioned by shepherds. Contrarywise, shepherds mainly considered grazing competence and damage to animals (i.e. game species and livestock) as important detrimental NCP. Concerning beneficial NCP, whilst hunting was prominent in the publications, shepherds did not conceived it as an important beneficial contribution and considered the regulation of organisms (i.e. scavenging alternative prey) important benefits. These results can have twofold implications. The emphasis on detrimental NCP (studied and perceived) can reinforce the idea that ungulates can threaten humans rather than contribute to societies' wellbeing. The fact that research does not address the interests of shepherds can affect the social tolerance towards ungulates as the damages experienced or perceived by shepherds are not studied. Our results show the relevance of considering local knowledge held by shepherds and their perceptions, something highlighted by the NCP approach.
Roberto Pascual-Rico; Berta Martín-López; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata; Zebensui Morales-Reyes. Scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions of ungulate's contributions to people in rewilding landscapes. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 705, 135876 .
AMA StyleRoberto Pascual-Rico, Berta Martín-López, José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata, Zebensui Morales-Reyes. Scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions of ungulate's contributions to people in rewilding landscapes. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 705 ():135876.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Pascual-Rico; Berta Martín-López; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata; Zebensui Morales-Reyes. 2020. "Scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions of ungulate's contributions to people in rewilding landscapes." Science of The Total Environment 705, no. : 135876.
Carnivore and humans live in proximity due to carnivore recovery efforts and ongoing human encroachment into carnivore habitats globally. The American West is a region that uniquely exemplifies these human-carnivore dynamics, however, it is unclear how the research community here integrates social and ecological factors to examine human-carnivore relations. Therefore, strategies promoting human-carnivore coexistence are urgently needed. We conducted a systematic review on human-carnivore relations in the American West covering studies between 2000 and 2018. We first characterized human-carnivore relations across states of the American West. Second, we analyzed similarities and dissimilarities across states in terms of coexistence, tolerance, number of ecosystem services and conflicts mentioned in literature. Third, we used Bayesian modeling to quantify the effect of social and ecological factors influencing the scientific interest on coexistence, tolerance, ecosystem services and conflicts. Results revealed some underlying biases in human-carnivore relations research. Colorado and Montana were the states where the highest proportion of studies were conducted with bears and wolves the most studied species. Non-lethal management was the most common strategy to mitigate conflicts. Overall, conflicts with carnivores were much more frequently mentioned than benefits. We found similarities among Arizona, California, Utah, and New Mexico according to how coexistence, tolerance, services and conflicts are addressed in literature. We identified percentage of federal/private land, carnivore family, social actors, and management actions, as factors explaining how coexistence, tolerance, conflicts and services are addressed in literature. We provide a roadmap to foster tolerance towards carnivores and successful coexistence strategies in the American West based on four main domains, (1) the dual role of carnivores as providers of both beneficial and detrimental contributions to people, (2) social-ecological factors underpinning the provision of beneficial and detrimental contributions, (3) the inclusion of diverse actors, and (4) cross-state collaborative management.
Mónica Expósito-Granados; Antonio J. Castro; Jorge Lozano; José Ángel Aznar Sánchez; Neil H Carter; Juan Miguel Requena-Mullor; Aurelio Malo; Agnieszka Olszańska; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Marcos Moleón; José A Sánchez-Zapata; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Joern Fischer; Berta Martín-López. Human-carnivore relations: conflicts, tolerance and coexistence in the American West. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 123005 .
AMA StyleMónica Expósito-Granados, Antonio J. Castro, Jorge Lozano, José Ángel Aznar Sánchez, Neil H Carter, Juan Miguel Requena-Mullor, Aurelio Malo, Agnieszka Olszańska, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Marcos Moleón, José A Sánchez-Zapata, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Joern Fischer, Berta Martín-López. Human-carnivore relations: conflicts, tolerance and coexistence in the American West. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (12):123005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMónica Expósito-Granados; Antonio J. Castro; Jorge Lozano; José Ángel Aznar Sánchez; Neil H Carter; Juan Miguel Requena-Mullor; Aurelio Malo; Agnieszka Olszańska; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Marcos Moleón; José A Sánchez-Zapata; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Joern Fischer; Berta Martín-López. 2019. "Human-carnivore relations: conflicts, tolerance and coexistence in the American West." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 12: 123005.
The abandonment of traditional livestock farming systems in Mediterranean countries is triggering a large-scale habitat transformation, which, in general, consists of the replacement of open grazing areas by woodlands through non-managed regeneration. As a consequence, wild ungulates are occupying rapidly the empty niche left by domestic ungulates. Both types of ungulates represent the main trophic resource for large vertebrate scavengers. However, a comparison of how vertebrate scavengers consume ungulate carcasses in different habitats with different ungulate species composition is lacking. This knowledge is essential to forecast the possible consequences of the current farmland abandonment on scavenger species. Here, we compared the scavenging patterns of 24 wild and 24 domestic ungulate carcasses in a mountainous region of southern Spain monitored through camera trapping. Our results show that carcasses of domestic ungulates, which concentrate in large numbers in open pasturelands, were detected and consumed earlier than those of wild ungulate carcasses, which frequently occur in much lower densities at more heterogenous habitats such as shrublands and forest. Richness and abundance of scavengers were also higher at domestic ungulate carcasses in open habitats. Vultures, mainly griffons (Gyps fulvus), consumed most of the carcasses, although mammalian facultative scavengers, mainly wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes), also contributed importantly to the consumption of wild ungulate carcasses in areas with higher vegetation cover. Our findings evidence that the abandonment of traditional grazing may entail consequences for the scavenger community, which should be considered by ecologists and wildlife managers.
Eneko Arrondo; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Marcos Moleón; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; José Antonio Donázar; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. Rewilding traditional grazing areas affects scavenger assemblages and carcass consumption patterns. Basic and Applied Ecology 2019, 41, 56 -66.
AMA StyleEneko Arrondo, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Marcos Moleón, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, José Antonio Donázar, José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. Rewilding traditional grazing areas affects scavenger assemblages and carcass consumption patterns. Basic and Applied Ecology. 2019; 41 ():56-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEneko Arrondo; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Marcos Moleón; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; José Antonio Donázar; José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. 2019. "Rewilding traditional grazing areas affects scavenger assemblages and carcass consumption patterns." Basic and Applied Ecology 41, no. : 56-66.
Jorge Lozano; Agnieszka Olszańska; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Antonio A. Castro; Aurelio F. Malo; Marcos Moleón; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Henrik von Wehrden; Ine Dorresteijn; Ruth Kansky; Joern Fischer; Berta Martín-López. Human-carnivore relations: A systematic review. Biological Conservation 2019, 237, 480 -492.
AMA StyleJorge Lozano, Agnieszka Olszańska, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Antonio A. Castro, Aurelio F. Malo, Marcos Moleón, José A. Sánchez-Zapata, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Henrik von Wehrden, Ine Dorresteijn, Ruth Kansky, Joern Fischer, Berta Martín-López. Human-carnivore relations: A systematic review. Biological Conservation. 2019; 237 ():480-492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Lozano; Agnieszka Olszańska; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Antonio A. Castro; Aurelio F. Malo; Marcos Moleón; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Ainara Cortés-Avizanda; Henrik von Wehrden; Ine Dorresteijn; Ruth Kansky; Joern Fischer; Berta Martín-López. 2019. "Human-carnivore relations: A systematic review." Biological Conservation 237, no. : 480-492.
Carrion resources sustain a complex and diverse community of both vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, either obligate or facultative. However, although carrion ecology has received increasing scientific attention in recent years, our understanding of carrion partitioning in natural conditions is severely limited as most studies are restricted either to the vertebrate or the insect scavenger communities. Moreover, carnivore carcasses have been traditionally neglected as study model. Here, we provide the first data on the partitioning between vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers of medium-sized carnivore carcasses, red fox (Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus)), in two mountainous Mediterranean areas of south-eastern Spain. Carcasses were visited by several mammalian and avian scavengers, but only one carcass was partially consumed by golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus). These results provide additional support to the carnivore carrion-avoidance hypothesis, which suggests that mammalian carnivores avoid the consumption of carnivore carcasses to prevent disease transmission risk. In turn, the absence of vertebrate scavengers at carnivore carcasses enabled a diverse and well-structured successional community of insects to colonise the carcasses. The observed richness and abundance of the most frequent families was more influenced by the decomposition time than by the study area. Overall, our study encourages further research on carrion resource partitioning in natural conditions.
Carlos Muñoz-Lozano; Daniel Martín-Vega; Carlos Martínez-Carrasco; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Moisés Gonzálvez; Marcos Moleón. Avoidance of carnivore carcasses by vertebrate scavengers enables colonization by a diverse community of carrion insects. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0221890 .
AMA StyleCarlos Muñoz-Lozano, Daniel Martín-Vega, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco, José A. Sánchez-Zapata, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Moisés Gonzálvez, Marcos Moleón. Avoidance of carnivore carcasses by vertebrate scavengers enables colonization by a diverse community of carrion insects. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (8):e0221890.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Muñoz-Lozano; Daniel Martín-Vega; Carlos Martínez-Carrasco; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Moisés Gonzálvez; Marcos Moleón. 2019. "Avoidance of carnivore carcasses by vertebrate scavengers enables colonization by a diverse community of carrion insects." PLoS ONE 14, no. 8: e0221890.
Understanding the distribution of biodiversity across the Earth is one of the most challenging questions in biology. Much research has been directed at explaining the species latitudinal pattern showing that communities are richer in tropical areas; however, despite decades of research, a general consensus has not yet emerged. In addition, global biodiversity patterns are being rapidly altered by human activities. Here, we aim to describe large‐scale patterns of species richness and diversity in terrestrial vertebrate scavenger (carrion‐consuming) assemblages, which provide key ecosystem functions and services. We used a worldwide dataset comprising 43 sites, where vertebrate scavenger assemblages were identified using 2,485 carcasses monitored between 1991 and 2018. First, we evaluated how scavenger richness (number of species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index) varied among seasons (cold vs. warm, wet vs. dry). Then, we studied the potential effects of human impact and a set of macroecological variables related to climatic conditions on the scavenger assemblages. Vertebrate scavenger richness ranged from species‐poor to species rich assemblages (4–30 species). Both scavenger richness and diversity also showed some seasonal variation. However, in general, climatic variables did not drive latitudinal patterns, as scavenger richness and diversity were not affected by temperature or rainfall. Rainfall seasonality slightly increased the number of species in the community, but its effect was weak. Instead, the human impact index included in our study was the main predictor of scavenger richness. Scavenger assemblages in highly human‐impacted areas sustained the smallest number of scavenger species, suggesting human activity may be overriding other macroecological processes in shaping scavenger communities. Our results highlight the effect of human impact at a global scale. As species‐rich assemblages tend to be more functional, we warn about possible reductions in ecosystem functions and the services provided by scavengers in human‐dominated landscapes in the Anthropocene.
Esther Sebastián‐González; Jomar Magalhães Barbosa; Juan M. Pérez‐García; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Francisco Botella; Pedro P Olea; Patricia Mateo‐Tomás; Marcos Moleón; Fernando Hiraldo; Eneko Arrondo; José Antonio Donázar; Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda; Nuria Selva; Sergio A. Lambertucci; Aishwarya Bhattacharjee; Alexis Brewer; José D. Anadón; Erin Abernethy; Olin E. Rhodes; Kelsey Turner; James C. Beasley; Travis L. DeVault; Andrés Ordiz; Camilla Wikenros; Barbara Zimmermann; Petter Wabakken; Christopher C. Wilmers; Justine A. Smith; Corinne J. Kendall; Darcy Ogada; Evan R. Buechley; Ethan Frehner; Maximilian L. Allen; Heiko U. Wittmer; James R. A. Butler; Johan T. du Toit; John Read; David Wilson; Klemen Jerina; Miha Krofel; Rich Kostecke; Richard Inger; Arockianathan Samson; Lara Naves‐Alegre; José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. Scavenging in the Anthropocene: Human impact drives vertebrate scavenger species richness at a global scale. Global Change Biology 2019, 25, 3005 -3017.
AMA StyleEsther Sebastián‐González, Jomar Magalhães Barbosa, Juan M. Pérez‐García, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Francisco Botella, Pedro P Olea, Patricia Mateo‐Tomás, Marcos Moleón, Fernando Hiraldo, Eneko Arrondo, José Antonio Donázar, Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda, Nuria Selva, Sergio A. Lambertucci, Aishwarya Bhattacharjee, Alexis Brewer, José D. Anadón, Erin Abernethy, Olin E. Rhodes, Kelsey Turner, James C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, Andrés Ordiz, Camilla Wikenros, Barbara Zimmermann, Petter Wabakken, Christopher C. Wilmers, Justine A. Smith, Corinne J. Kendall, Darcy Ogada, Evan R. Buechley, Ethan Frehner, Maximilian L. Allen, Heiko U. Wittmer, James R. A. Butler, Johan T. du Toit, John Read, David Wilson, Klemen Jerina, Miha Krofel, Rich Kostecke, Richard Inger, Arockianathan Samson, Lara Naves‐Alegre, José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. Scavenging in the Anthropocene: Human impact drives vertebrate scavenger species richness at a global scale. Global Change Biology. 2019; 25 (9):3005-3017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsther Sebastián‐González; Jomar Magalhães Barbosa; Juan M. Pérez‐García; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Francisco Botella; Pedro P Olea; Patricia Mateo‐Tomás; Marcos Moleón; Fernando Hiraldo; Eneko Arrondo; José Antonio Donázar; Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda; Nuria Selva; Sergio A. Lambertucci; Aishwarya Bhattacharjee; Alexis Brewer; José D. Anadón; Erin Abernethy; Olin E. Rhodes; Kelsey Turner; James C. Beasley; Travis L. DeVault; Andrés Ordiz; Camilla Wikenros; Barbara Zimmermann; Petter Wabakken; Christopher C. Wilmers; Justine A. Smith; Corinne J. Kendall; Darcy Ogada; Evan R. Buechley; Ethan Frehner; Maximilian L. Allen; Heiko U. Wittmer; James R. A. Butler; Johan T. du Toit; John Read; David Wilson; Klemen Jerina; Miha Krofel; Rich Kostecke; Richard Inger; Arockianathan Samson; Lara Naves‐Alegre; José A. Sánchez‐Zapata. 2019. "Scavenging in the Anthropocene: Human impact drives vertebrate scavenger species richness at a global scale." Global Change Biology 25, no. 9: 3005-3017.
Society’s perception of ecosystem services is a key issue in conservation, particularly for endangered species providing services linked to human activities. Misperceptions may lead to wildlife–human conflicts with the risk of disappearance of the species involved. We contrasted farmers’ perceptions with highly accurate quantitative data of an endangered vulture species, which provide ecosystem services. We combined surveys of 59 farmers with data from 48 GPS-tagged Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus majorensis endemic to the Spanish Canary Islands) to disentangle factors influencing consistency between farmers’ awareness of vulture occurrence on their properties and vulture behavior. Egyptian vultures were perceived as the main providers of scavenging services and the most beneficial avian scavenger. Consistency between farmers’ perceptions (surveys) and vulture use of their farms (GPS data) was higher in the morning, in older males, and at farms with lower livestock numbers, located near vulture communal roosts, and visited more frequently by vultures. Our results underline the potential influence of modern livestock husbandry in disconnecting people from ecosystems, and how appreciation could be even lower for scarce or threatened ecosystem service providers.
Marina García-Alfonso; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Laura Gangoso; Willem Bouten; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; David Serrano; José Antonio Donázar. Probing into farmers’ perceptions of a globally endangered ecosystem service provider. Ambio 2018, 48, 900 -912.
AMA StyleMarina García-Alfonso, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Laura Gangoso, Willem Bouten, José A. Sánchez-Zapata, David Serrano, José Antonio Donázar. Probing into farmers’ perceptions of a globally endangered ecosystem service provider. Ambio. 2018; 48 (8):900-912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina García-Alfonso; Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Laura Gangoso; Willem Bouten; José A. Sánchez-Zapata; David Serrano; José Antonio Donázar. 2018. "Probing into farmers’ perceptions of a globally endangered ecosystem service provider." Ambio 48, no. 8: 900-912.
Integrating indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) and scientific knowledge (SK) in the evaluation of ecosystem services has been recommended by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. We examined the similarities and contradictions between shepherds’ ILK and SK on the scavenging service provided by vertebrates in Spain. We conducted 73 face-to-face surveys with shepherds to evaluate their ILK. We collected scientific information on 20 scavenger species by monitoring the consumption of 45 livestock carcasses with camera traps. We found a high consistency between ILK and SK regarding the provision of the scavenging service by vertebrates, which was also consistent over the range of shepherd ages and experience. Our findings support the importance of ILK held by shepherds to better understand and to collect information on the scavenging service, particularly at the species level. The integration of ILK and SK into the management strategies of scavengers can benefit the conservation of globally endangered scavengers and the ecosystem services they provide.
Zebensui Morales-Reyes; Berta Martín-López; Marcos Moleón; Patricia Mateo-Tomás; Pedro P. Olea; Eneko Arrondo; José Antonio Donázar; José A. Sanchéz-Zapata. Shepherds’ local knowledge and scientific data on the scavenging ecosystem service: Insights for conservation. Ambio 2018, 48, 48 -60.
AMA StyleZebensui Morales-Reyes, Berta Martín-López, Marcos Moleón, Patricia Mateo-Tomás, Pedro P. Olea, Eneko Arrondo, José Antonio Donázar, José A. Sanchéz-Zapata. Shepherds’ local knowledge and scientific data on the scavenging ecosystem service: Insights for conservation. Ambio. 2018; 48 (1):48-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZebensui Morales-Reyes; Berta Martín-López; Marcos Moleón; Patricia Mateo-Tomás; Pedro P. Olea; Eneko Arrondo; José Antonio Donázar; José A. Sanchéz-Zapata. 2018. "Shepherds’ local knowledge and scientific data on the scavenging ecosystem service: Insights for conservation." Ambio 48, no. 1: 48-60.