Objective: This research paper aims to elucidate the historical evolution, contemporary significance, and regulatory frameworks governing phytotherapeutic preparations, emphasizing their importance in modern healthcare paradigms. Background: Phytotherapeutic preparations have been utilized in medical practices for centuries, with herbal medicine deeply rooted in traditional treatment modalities across cultures. Despite historical peaks during the 16th to 18th centuries, herbal medicine continues to demonstrate enduring relevance, bolstered by growing recognition of its therapeutic potential. Scope: This study paper delineates the multifaceted landscape of natural substances, focusing on phytotherapeutics, herbal products, and food supplements. It explores the diverse applications of plants, encompassing primary elements in natural medicine, complementary and alternative therapies, and nutritional supplements. Regulatory Landscape: The regulatory landscape governing herbal medicines has evolved to ensure consumer safety. The European Parliament Directive 2004/24/EC introduced a distinct category of

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects people worldwide. It causes physical and emotional anguish, typically alongside psychiatric illnesses. When conventional methods of treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) fail, patients may go to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for relief. The quality of the evidence is uneven, but complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) shows promise. A systematic review evaluates CAM efficacy, safety, and mechanisms for IBS treatment to identify gaps and guide future research. This systematic review evaluates and synthesises CAM’s efficacy and use in irritable bowel syndrome treatment. This systematic review (1998-2023) included 15 studies from diverse sources, utilizing keywords related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Qualitative data methods extracted insights into Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions for IBS. The evaluation covered main findings, clinical features, outcomes, adverse effects, and follow-up periods. PRISMA-guided data extraction, including a flowchart, ensured a systematic approach. Inclusion criteria comprised various study types, while exclusion criteria targeted inconsistent data and low-quality studies. This study examines numerous controlled, randomised, and multicenter studies on IBS therapies, including Ayurvedic formulations, conventional nutrition, and CAM techniques. Participants, study locations, and interventions vary in the global study. Results from various studies on IBS therapeutic efficacy, risk factors, and patient preferences are shown. Studies on Ayurvedic, homoeopathic, and CAM treatments provide a complete overview of IBS care. The study found that Ayurvedic and CAM treatments for IBS are helpful, but mainstream medications are risky. To improve efficacy, tailored, culturally relevant programmes need research and standardisation.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly reshaped global healthcare systems, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh and India. This review highlights the evolving role of community pharmacists in post-pandemic healthcare delivery, emphasizing their contributions to public health, medication management, and self-medication guidance. It also reflects on the challenges of expanding their professional scope amidst limited resources and public misconceptions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to August 2023 to assess the roles, responsibilities, and professional backgrounds of pharmacists across clinics, private, and government hospitals in Bangladesh. Data were collected anonymously via email and social media, validated through professional credentials, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The findings revealed that government hospital pharmacists predominantly held diplomas, while clinics and private hospitals employed more graduates. Participants reported increased workloads, logistical barriers, and heightened responsibilities during the pandemic. Pharmacists with postgraduate education or more than 12 years of experience significantly contributed to COVID-19 response efforts, including drug counseling, therapeutic monitoring, and participation in research. Conclusion: The study underscores the critical yet underrecognized role of community pharmacists in public health during the pandemic recovery phase. Their academic qualifications and experience were essential in sustaining healthcare delivery, managing drug supply, and supporting patient care. Policymakers must strengthen their integration into the healthcare system through regulatory support and professional recognition.

The immune system is a dynamic and intricate defense mechanism that can ward off pathogens, harmful substances, and illnesses. In addition, genetics, lifestyle, and external factors affect immune function. Based on this, nutrition, exercise, and natural aging can modulate immune responses. Moreover, a balanced diet high in vital minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants strengthens the immune system. In contrast, unnecessary processing and bad fats cause persistent inflammation and immunological suppression. Apart from that, consistent exercise can boost immune surveillance, increase blood circulation, and lower the infection risk rate. On the other hand, physical exertion without appropriate recovery might cause transient immunosuppression that increases the body's vulnerability to diseases. Moreover, aging naturally reduces the immune system by means of immunosenescence, a process regarded to be responsible for low T-cell production. It can thereby aggravate inflammation and cause a decline in vaccination effectiveness. However, assuming a healthy lifestyle including appropriate nutrition, even physical activity, and stress management can help to build long-term immunological resilience and help to slow down age-related immunity decrease. This study shows how nutrition, exercise, and aging interact in immune function to underline their cooperative effect on general health and illness prevention. Therefore, it can comprehend these issues, which is necessary for creating successful plans to boost immune systems and make life better.

Emphasizing it’s possible to improve athletic performance, encourage recovery, and avoid injuries, this research investigates how Ayurvedic medicine may be included into contemporary sports medicine. Ayurvedic techniques include herbal medicines (e.g., Ashwagandha, Turmeric), Panchakarma therapy, and yoga have been demonstrated to lower inflammation, increase flexibility, and hasten muscle healing. Presenting a more complete and individualized approach to athlete care, the report emphasizes the advantages of combining these standard therapies with physiotherapy and cryotherapy. The absence of consistent methods and the necessity of more thorough clinical research make the integration difficult even with the favorable results. Large-scale clinical investigations should be the main emphasis of further research to confirm the effectiveness of Ayurvedic therapies in sports environments. This combination gives players the chance to reach ideal physical and mental health, therefore opening the path for a more balanced and environmentally friendly sporting career.