Object recognition is the technique of specifying the location of various objects in images or videos. There exist numerous algorithms for the recognition of objects such as R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, HOG, R-FCN, SSD, SSP-net, SVM, CNN, YOLO, etc., based on the techniques of machine learning and deep learning. Although these models have been employed for various types of object detection applications, however, tiny object detection faces the challenge of low precision. It is essential to develop a lightweight and robust model for object detection that can detect tiny objects with high precision. In this study, we suggest an enhanced YOLOv2 (You Only Look Once version 2) algorithm for object detection, i.e., vehicle detection and recognition in surveillance videos. We modified the base network of the YOLOv2 by reducing the number of parameters and replacing it with DenseNet. We employed the DenseNet-201 technique for feature extraction in our improved model that extracts the most representative features from the images. Moreover, our proposed model is more compact due to the dense architecture of the base network. We utilized DenseNet-201 as a base network due to the direct connection among all layers, which helps to extract a valuable information from the very first layer and pass it to the final layer. The dataset gathered from the Kaggle and KITTI was used for the training of the proposed model, and we cross-validated the performance using MS COCO and Pascal VOC datasets. To assess the efficacy of the proposed model, we utilized extensive experimentation, which demonstrates that our algorithm beats existing vehicle detection approaches, with an average precision of 97.51%.

Over the past several years, global project management teams have been facing dynamic challenges that continue to grow exponentially with the increasing number of complexities associated with the undertaken tasks. The ever-evolving organizational challenges demand project managers to adapt novel management practices to accomplish organizational goals rather than following traditional management practices. Considering which, the current study aims to explain the effect of agile management practices upon project performance directly as well as while being mediated through project complexity. Furthermore, the aforementioned mediatory relationship is evaluated in terms of the moderating effect of leadership competencies. The current study utilized the survey approach to collect the data from registered I.T firms deployed in the potential metropolitans of each province of Pakistan including, Peshawar, Islamabad, Lahore, Sialkot, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Sukkur, and Karachi. A total of 176 responses were utilized for statistical evaluations. As result, it was observed that the negative influence anticipated by project complexity on project performance was compensated by the agile management practices. Further, the leadership competencies played a pivotal role in managing project complexity while implementing agile management practices and therefore enhancing project performance. The current study abridges the potential knowledge gap conceptually by evaluating the direct impact of agile management upon project performance while considering all of its aspects, exploring the mediatory role of project performance and evaluating the moderating role of leadership competencies in attaining optimum project performance. In contextual terms, the current study fills the knowledge gap by gauging the implications of agile management practices within the I.T sector of Pakistan. The results of the current study can be a potential guide for both the academicians and the industry professionals.

COVID-19 is a worldwide epidemic that seriously affected the lives of people. Since its inception, physicians have tried their best to trace the virus and reduce its spread. Several diagnostic approaches have been reported to detect the coronavirus in research, clinical, and public health laboratories. Although the existing systems aid medical experts in the diagnosis, they still lack precise detection and may fail to detect COVID-19 in a timely manner. Therefore, in this study, we recommend two approaches i.e., the first approach is based on the VGGish network that focuses on vocal signals, such as breathing and coughing, and the second approach is based on ResNet50, which takes chest X-rays as input. With the help of VGGish, the patient’s cough, voice, and respiration audios have been classified as patient and non-patient achieving an accuracy of more than 98%. We also assessed the performance of several methods for X-ray classification, such as ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, Densnet201, Inceptionv3, Darknet, GoogleNet, squeezeNet, and Alex-Net. TheResNet50 outpaced all supplementary CNN models with a precision of 94%. However, when we took both types of inputs simultaneously, the accuracy for detection was increased to 99.7%. After extensive experimentation, we believe that our proposed hybrid method is robust enough to take X-rays and audio as mel-spectrograms and identify COVID-19 at early stages, attaining an accuracy of 99.7%.

Objective: This research paper aims to elucidate the historical evolution, contemporary significance, and regulatory frameworks governing phytotherapeutic preparations, emphasizing their importance in modern healthcare paradigms. Background: Phytotherapeutic preparations have been utilized in medical practices for centuries, with herbal medicine deeply rooted in traditional treatment modalities across cultures. Despite historical peaks during the 16th to 18th centuries, herbal medicine continues to demonstrate enduring relevance, bolstered by growing recognition of its therapeutic potential. Scope: This study paper delineates the multifaceted landscape of natural substances, focusing on phytotherapeutics, herbal products, and food supplements. It explores the diverse applications of plants, encompassing primary elements in natural medicine, complementary and alternative therapies, and nutritional supplements. Regulatory Landscape: The regulatory landscape governing herbal medicines has evolved to ensure consumer safety. The European Parliament Directive 2004/24/EC introduced a distinct category of

The demand for the incorporation of Educational Technology (EdTech) into the modern 2-level schooling has become essential and permits facilitating the learning procedures, communication with students, and evaluation. Despite the fact that its significance is rising, it needs effective implementation that is based on a variety of interrelated factors like teacher digital competencies, availability of resources, school administration support, attitude of the teacher and ICT training. The purpose behind this study was to examine the effects of Education technology integration on teaching in secondary schools, as well as to determine how various predictors affect instructional performance, student motivation, and assessment performance in secondary schools directly and indirectly. The quantitative research design used was by providing a questionnaire, whereby secondary school teachers were administered a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done in accordance with normality tests, reliability and validity tests, Pearson correlation, regression analysis and group comparison tests (t-tests, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis Wallis and Chi-Square). The reliability of all the instruments was high because all the reliability values were above 0.87, KMO was found to be 0.89, Bartlett was significant and the test. The results achieved have reflected that there was a strong positive correlation between the variables of EdTech. The attitudes of teachers were found to be the most predictive of instructional effectiveness, followed by resource availability and digital competency. The group comparisons tests depicted that there existed great differences in terms of gender, teaching experience, age groups and types of schools. EdTech integration positively influenced all dependent variables in terms of instructional effectiveness, student engagement and in terms of assessment efficiency. The paper concludes with an analysis which demonstrates that the practical implementation of EdTech is of great value to the teaching practice in the secondary school. The success of the implementation is not only predetermined by access to the technologies but also by the digital proficiency of the teacher, his/her attitude to motivation, a positive approach to leadership, and the quality of instruction in skills of ICT skills. The development of a holistic EdTech environment would significantly reconstitute the pedagogical and educative outcomes. In order to result in the greatest positive changes, EdTech schools need to involve training of teachers, equal access to technology and policies that help facilitate the former. The educational leaders must also come up with training programs that would satisfy the teachers and ensure that they offer the same support within the classrooms, as far as technology is concerned.

With COVID-19 approaching, higher education's pressing need for professors proficient in technology has grown. While institutional structures and initiatives exist, insufficient scientific literature exists to describe them. Medical Colleges have introduced various measures to assist teachers in developing this level of competency in digital teaching. This study examines the traits and outcomes of instructional approaches for enhancing digital teaching proficiency in a Medical College setting. Using the PRISMA technique, the literature was thoroughly evaluated in the primary databases. Following the filtering stages, 20 papers out of 322 were analysed thoroughly. According to the findings, these tactics primarily impact things like professional competence and the use of technology during the training process. Similarly, most approaches rely on solitary activities like courses or workshops, while collaborative, experiential, and reflection-based procedures are beginning to emerge, features that teachers strongly value. In light of the preceding, it becomes clear that it takes more than one-off initiatives to improve teachers' digital literacy and foster a genuine digital transformation.