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Claudia Schmidt
Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-5602, USA

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Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Food Policy
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The literature on women in agricultural production in developing countries is vast. While female farmers in the United States have recently received more attention, their general characteristics and practices pursued have not received as much consideration by agricultural economists. Here we examine U.S. female farmers’ characteristics and factors associated with county level female farm shares using Census data. We find that these shares are higher near metropolitan core counties and that their presence is associated with agritourism activity as well as horticultural and small livestock production. We conclude with several policy questions and future research needed to assess the roles and impacts of female farm operators in the U.S.

ACS Style

Claudia Schmidt; Stephan J. Goetz; Zheng Tian. Female farmers in the United States: Research needs and policy questions. Food Policy 2021, 101, 102039 .

AMA Style

Claudia Schmidt, Stephan J. Goetz, Zheng Tian. Female farmers in the United States: Research needs and policy questions. Food Policy. 2021; 101 ():102039.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Schmidt; Stephan J. Goetz; Zheng Tian. 2021. "Female farmers in the United States: Research needs and policy questions." Food Policy 101, no. : 102039.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Sustainability
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This article presents a spatial supply network model for estimating and visualizing spatial commodity flows that used data on firm location and employment, an input–output table of inter-industry transactions, and material balance-type equations. Building on earlier work, we proposed a general method for visualizing detailed supply chains across geographic space, applying the preferential attachment rule to gravity equations in the network context; we then provided illustrations for U.S. extractive, manufacturing, and service industries, also highlighting differences in rural–urban interdependencies across these sectors. The resulting visualizations may be helpful for better understanding supply chain geographies, as well as business interconnections and interdependencies, and to anticipate and potentially address vulnerabilities to different types of shocks.

ACS Style

Yicheol Han; Stephan Goetz; Claudia Schmidt. Visualizing Spatial Economic Supply Chains to Enhance Sustainability and Resilience. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1512 .

AMA Style

Yicheol Han, Stephan Goetz, Claudia Schmidt. Visualizing Spatial Economic Supply Chains to Enhance Sustainability and Resilience. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1512.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yicheol Han; Stephan Goetz; Claudia Schmidt. 2021. "Visualizing Spatial Economic Supply Chains to Enhance Sustainability and Resilience." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1512.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2020 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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First paragraph: Consumers are dramatically changing their food purchasing habits in response to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic (Kolodinsky, Sitaker, Chase, Smith, & Wang, 2020; Schmidt et al., 2020; Worstell, 2020). In part this is due to growing public awareness that food supply chains, which normally operate largely unnoticed and with great efficiency, are in fact fragile and vulnerable. With supply chain interruptions and mandates in several states for social distancing and a reduced number of grocery shop trips, consumers are compelled to think about food storability as well different food sourcing options. In this commentary we examine how consumer interest has changed since the advent of the pandemic, by observing Google search trends. Google Trends analysis has been widely used to study health-related aspects of COVID-19 and earlier pandemics (Arora, McKee, & Stuckler, 2019; Carneiro & Mylonakis, 2009; Ginsberg et al., 2009; Mavragani & Ochoa, 2019; Mavragani, Ochoa, & Tsagarakis, 2018; Nuti et al., 2014), but to our knowledge not to track changing consumer behavior with respect to food sourcing in real time.[1] We offer these comments both as potential real-time tracking of consumer preferences, as well as working hypotheses for future more vigorous investigations. [1] These searches are not without potential problems; for a summary discussion see: https://medium.com/@pewresearch/using-google-trends-data-for-research-here-are-6-questions-to-ask-a7097f5fb526

ACS Style

Claudia Schmidt; Stephan Goetz; Sarah Rocker; Zheng Tian. Google Searches Reveal Changing Consumer Food Sourcing in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2020, 9, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Claudia Schmidt, Stephan Goetz, Sarah Rocker, Zheng Tian. Google Searches Reveal Changing Consumer Food Sourcing in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2020; 9 (3):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Schmidt; Stephan Goetz; Sarah Rocker; Zheng Tian. 2020. "Google Searches Reveal Changing Consumer Food Sourcing in the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 9, no. 3: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2020 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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First paragraph: The U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service’s Food Expenditures by Outlet data provide insight as to why the lockdowns related to COVID-19 have been so devastating for U.S. farmers. In 2018, American consumers bought a total of $628bn[1] worth of food, of which $460bn was spent at grocery stores and $168bn at warehouse clubs and supercenters (see Figure 1 and Table 1). But expenditures on food away from home exceeded that amount: $680bn was spent at restau­rants, $337.8bn at full-service restaurants and $340.2bn at limited-service restaurants.[2] The social distancing and stay-at-home orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic have forced many restaurants to close and those remaining in business to switch to pick-up or delivery only options. Because restaurant supply chains are highly specialized and time sensitive, reallocation of these supply chains has not come quickly enough to accommodate the shifts in consumption toward at-home eating patterns. . . . [1] All amounts are in U.S. dollars. [2] Not all of this represents the value of agricultural products; a large share of this is value-added in the form of rents and wages.

ACS Style

Stephan Goetz; Claudia Schmidt; Lisa Chase; Jane Kolodinsky. Americans' Food Spending Patterns Explain Devastating Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Agriculture. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2020, 9, 1 -3.

AMA Style

Stephan Goetz, Claudia Schmidt, Lisa Chase, Jane Kolodinsky. Americans' Food Spending Patterns Explain Devastating Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Agriculture. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2020; 9 (3):1-3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Goetz; Claudia Schmidt; Lisa Chase; Jane Kolodinsky. 2020. "Americans' Food Spending Patterns Explain Devastating Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Agriculture." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 9, no. 3: 1-3.