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David S. Conner
University of Vermont, Community Development and Applied Economics, 205 H Morrill Hall, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States

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Journal article
Published: 04 July 2020 in Food Control
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The 2011 Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) exempts most small- and medium-scale growers in the U.S. from the new produce safety rule that creates a set of minimum safety standards for producing and processing fresh fruits and vegetables. While the exemption may limit the financial burden of growers in the short term, growers not willing or unable to meet food safety standards could lose out on market opportunities. In this article, we draw on a primary dataset of 301 survey responses from small- and medium-scale produce growers in New England (NE) and develop a conceptual framework for analyzing both objective and subjective factors associated with the on-farm adoption of food safety practices. We begin our analysis by exploring the extent to which growers report being financially able and willing to invest in food safety practices, and continue with an assessment of factors associated with the financial ability and willingness to adopt these practices. Regarding ability, we find that 24% of growers were able to adopt practices regardless of cost, while 64% were able to invest if not cost prohibitive. The odds of being able to invest increased 4% for every one-unit increase in the food safety knowledge test score and increased 20% for every one-unit increase in the number of practices implemented. In addition, the odds were 84% lower for those who reported financial barriers to adoption compared to those who did not. With respect to willingness, 46% of growers were willing to adopt practices regardless of cost, while 49% were willing if not cost prohibitive. The odds of being willing to invest increased 4% for every one-unit increase in food safety knowledge test score, were 4.9 times more likely for those who perceived no barriers to the implementation of practices, and were 2.7 times more likely for those who perceive that growers have a role to play in food safety. We conclude with a discussion of the practical implications for technical assistance providers, policy makers, and government agencies, as well as avenues for future research. These are centered around three points: (1) the high potential for adoption of food safety practices where cost remains a limiting factor, (2) a potential disconnect between the commonly used knowledge deficit approach to food safety training and what growers want and need to know, and (3) the importance of adopting a systemic approach to understand the realities of growers and the diversity of factors that shape the adoption of food safety practices.

ACS Style

Florence Becot; Jason Parker; David Conner; Lori Pivarnik; Nicole Richard; Diane Wright-Hirsch. Financially able and willing to invest in food safety practices? The example of produce growers in New England states (USA). Food Control 2020, 119, 107451 .

AMA Style

Florence Becot, Jason Parker, David Conner, Lori Pivarnik, Nicole Richard, Diane Wright-Hirsch. Financially able and willing to invest in food safety practices? The example of produce growers in New England states (USA). Food Control. 2020; 119 ():107451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Florence Becot; Jason Parker; David Conner; Lori Pivarnik; Nicole Richard; Diane Wright-Hirsch. 2020. "Financially able and willing to invest in food safety practices? The example of produce growers in New England states (USA)." Food Control 119, no. : 107451.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2020 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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David Conner. Exploring Resource Management for Sustainable Food Businesses: Three Vermont Case Studies. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2020, 9, 1 -9.

AMA Style

David Conner. Exploring Resource Management for Sustainable Food Businesses: Three Vermont Case Studies. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2020; 9 (3):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Conner. 2020. "Exploring Resource Management for Sustainable Food Businesses: Three Vermont Case Studies." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 9, no. 3: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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ACS Style

David Conner; Florence Becot; Ellen Kahler; Jake Claro; Annie Harlow. Counting Local Food Consumption: Longitudinal Data and Lessons from Vermont. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2020, 9, 1 -14.

AMA Style

David Conner, Florence Becot, Ellen Kahler, Jake Claro, Annie Harlow. Counting Local Food Consumption: Longitudinal Data and Lessons from Vermont. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2020; 9 (2):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Conner; Florence Becot; Ellen Kahler; Jake Claro; Annie Harlow. 2020. "Counting Local Food Consumption: Longitudinal Data and Lessons from Vermont." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 9, no. 2: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2020 in Agriculture
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Many U.S. dairy farms, especially small farms, are struggling to stay in business due to difficult economic conditions. While switching to organic milk production has been identified as one way to improve farm profitability, there are very limited economic data available on organic dairy profitability and the key factors contributing to its variation among organic dairy farms. This study analyzes a 10-year longitudinal dataset of Vermont organic dairy farms (2006–2016), collected by the University of Vermont Extension, to identify key factors influencing farm profitability and quantify their impact on farm return on assets (ROA) through a multivariate fixed-effects regression model. Results suggest that significant factors for organic farm profitability measured by ROA include feeding management, farm management, farm size, milk price and input costs. Such findings may help many organic dairy farms identify potential areas for improving their profitability and conventional farms evaluate the potential financial benefits of switching to organic operation.

ACS Style

Jonathan Walsh; Robert Parsons; Qingbin Wang; David Conner. What Makes an Organic Dairy Farm Profitable in the United States? Evidence from 10 Years of Farm Level Data in Vermont. Agriculture 2020, 10, 17 .

AMA Style

Jonathan Walsh, Robert Parsons, Qingbin Wang, David Conner. What Makes an Organic Dairy Farm Profitable in the United States? Evidence from 10 Years of Farm Level Data in Vermont. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (1):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Walsh; Robert Parsons; Qingbin Wang; David Conner. 2020. "What Makes an Organic Dairy Farm Profitable in the United States? Evidence from 10 Years of Farm Level Data in Vermont." Agriculture 10, no. 1: 17.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2019 in Energies
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Information on public support and willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable energy from alternative sources is critically important for the development and evaluation of renewable energy policies and programs. This study assesses consumer support and WTP for electricity from solar panels, wind turbines, and on-farm anaerobic digester systems (ADS) in the United States, using data collected from a household survey in the state of Vermont. Empirical results suggest that solar power was the respondents’ top choice for public investment, and cow power (electricity generated from ADS) was the least-favored choice. Also, the variations in the likelihood of being willing to pay a premium for each renewable electricity across respondents were closely associated with factors such as education, political affiliation, homeownership, and local agricultural engagement. The relatively low level of public support and WTP for cow power is likely the result of unfamiliarity with this renewable source of electricity, and more educational efforts are highly needed to promote this renewable energy with many environmental benefits for a dairy state.

ACS Style

Qingbin Wang; Laurel Valchuis; Ethan Thompson; David Conner; Robert Parsons; Wang. Consumer Support and Willingness to Pay for Electricity from Solar, Wind, and Cow Manure in the United States: Evidence from a Survey in Vermont. Energies 2019, 12, 4467 .

AMA Style

Qingbin Wang, Laurel Valchuis, Ethan Thompson, David Conner, Robert Parsons, Wang. Consumer Support and Willingness to Pay for Electricity from Solar, Wind, and Cow Manure in the United States: Evidence from a Survey in Vermont. Energies. 2019; 12 (23):4467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qingbin Wang; Laurel Valchuis; Ethan Thompson; David Conner; Robert Parsons; Wang. 2019. "Consumer Support and Willingness to Pay for Electricity from Solar, Wind, and Cow Manure in the United States: Evidence from a Survey in Vermont." Energies 12, no. 23: 4467.

Articles
Published: 22 October 2019 in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition
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Food Hubs (FHs) have been touted for their role in local and regional food systems. This study aims to understand the perspectives of Food Hub (FH) buyers and identify effective practices for FHs to serve these clients. Drawing on an analysis of survey and interview data with buyers, we describe how buyer perceptions of local food and experiences with FHs shape their purchasing decisions. Specifically, we describe how purchasing decisions are shaped by buyers’ perceptions of the shared value of local food and buyers’ perceptions of the efficacy of food hub operations. Our implications focus on FH practices that could grow or strengthen their buyer base.

ACS Style

David S. Conner; Hannah Harrington; Sarah Heiss; Linda Berlin. How Can Food Hubs Best Serve Their Buyers? Perspectives from Vermont. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 2019, 15, 613 -627.

AMA Style

David S. Conner, Hannah Harrington, Sarah Heiss, Linda Berlin. How Can Food Hubs Best Serve Their Buyers? Perspectives from Vermont. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition. 2019; 15 (5):613-627.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David S. Conner; Hannah Harrington; Sarah Heiss; Linda Berlin. 2019. "How Can Food Hubs Best Serve Their Buyers? Perspectives from Vermont." Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 15, no. 5: 613-627.

Book chapter
Published: 27 June 2019 in Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics
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ACS Style

David S. Conner. Institutional Food Service. Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics 2019, 1641 -1645.

AMA Style

David S. Conner. Institutional Food Service. Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. 2019; ():1641-1645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David S. Conner. 2019. "Institutional Food Service." Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics , no. : 1641-1645.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in HortTechnology
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Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) and caneberries (Rubus sp.) are popular crops that can bring revenue to farms and may improve farm profitability. High and low tunnels can bring a number of benefits to growers, including season extension and improved berry yield and quality, as well as management challenges. Few studies in the literature report directly on grower experiences using tunnels. We report the results of interviews of 10 independent growers who use tunnels to produce strawberries and caneberries. The results echo previous studies finding improved yield and quality, and highlight benefits and challenges around pest, weed, and nutrient management. One novel finding is the role of season extension in creating marketing opportunities. Interviewed growers caution of a learning curve and the need to start on a small scale and grow gradually. Future focus for research should include improved ventilation and mechanization.

ACS Style

David S. Conner; Kathleen Demchak. Farmer Perceptions of Tunnels for Berry Production: Management and Marketing Implications. HortTechnology 2018, 28, 706 -710.

AMA Style

David S. Conner, Kathleen Demchak. Farmer Perceptions of Tunnels for Berry Production: Management and Marketing Implications. HortTechnology. 2018; 28 (6):706-710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David S. Conner; Kathleen Demchak. 2018. "Farmer Perceptions of Tunnels for Berry Production: Management and Marketing Implications." HortTechnology 28, no. 6: 706-710.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2018 in Sustainability
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Universities have begun to officially recognize advancing sustainability as an institutional goal. This paper reports on research on students’ awareness, attitudes, and behaviors at the University of Vermont as a means of understanding cultural acceptance of sustainability. We report on the results of a survey administered by an applied research methods class working in partnership with the University’s Office of Sustainability. Survey respondents report strong understanding of sustainability and believe it is important. They perceive the University’s performance as strongest along environmental efforts and weakest along economic lines. Respondents were most likely to engage in sustainability behaviors, like waste and energy reduction, and least likely to attend campus events regarding sustainability. Responses to open-ended questions suggest skepticism of the University’s commitment to sustainability, seeing it as more of a marketing effort, and express a desire for more concrete initiatives to foster sustainable behaviors and culture on campus. Our implications focus on ways to promote a more holistic and nuanced understanding of sustainability.

ACS Style

David Conner; Amanda Falkner; Nathan Lantieri; Betsy McGavisk; Bridgette McShea. Stakeholder Perceptions of Campus Sustainability Efforts: Lessons from Vermont. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3849 .

AMA Style

David Conner, Amanda Falkner, Nathan Lantieri, Betsy McGavisk, Bridgette McShea. Stakeholder Perceptions of Campus Sustainability Efforts: Lessons from Vermont. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):3849.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Conner; Amanda Falkner; Nathan Lantieri; Betsy McGavisk; Bridgette McShea. 2018. "Stakeholder Perceptions of Campus Sustainability Efforts: Lessons from Vermont." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 3849.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2018 in Sustainability
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The sustainability of the food system is at the forefront of academic and policy discussions as we face the challenge of providing food security to a growing population amidst environmental uncertainty and depletion, social disruptions, and structural economic shocks and stresses. Crafting a sustainable and resilient food system requires us to go beyond disciplinary boundaries and broaden critical and creative thinking skills. Recent literature calls for examples of pedagogical transformations from food systems courses to identify successful practices and potential challenges. We offer a recipe for what to teach by framing systems thinking concepts, then discuss how to teach it with five learning activities: deductive case studies, experiential learning, reflective narrative learning, system dynamics simulations and scenarios, and inductive/open-ended case studies, implemented with collaborative group learning, inter/trans-disciplinarity, and instructor-modeled co-learning. Each learning activity is animated with concrete examples from our courses at Oregon State University, University of Minnesota, and University of Vermont, USA. We discuss opportunities and challenges implementing these strategies in light of student, instructor, and institutional expectations and constraints. But the challenge is worth the effort, because food system transformation requires active learners and systemic thinkers as engaged citizens, food system advocates, entrepreneurs, and policy makers.

ACS Style

Christy Anderson Brekken; Hikaru Hanawa Peterson; Robert P. King; David Conner. Writing a Recipe for Teaching Sustainable Food Systems: Lessons from Three University Courses. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1898 .

AMA Style

Christy Anderson Brekken, Hikaru Hanawa Peterson, Robert P. King, David Conner. Writing a Recipe for Teaching Sustainable Food Systems: Lessons from Three University Courses. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christy Anderson Brekken; Hikaru Hanawa Peterson; Robert P. King; David Conner. 2018. "Writing a Recipe for Teaching Sustainable Food Systems: Lessons from Three University Courses." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1898.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2017 in Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
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In this paper we report the results of a field test of an economic impact toolkit recently commissioned by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The toolkit was created as a guide for food systems organizations to frame issues and collect and analyze data in order to credibly measure economic and other benefits of their initiatives. To test the toolkit, we applied it to an economic contribution study of a local food-buying program in a large regional hospital in Vermont. Our findings indicate that by working with a dedicated and motivated community partner, we were able to agree on the scope and objectives of the project, obtain high-quality data, and enter these data into an input-output model to measure broader economic contributions (Modules 1 though 6 of the toolkit). We experienced difficulty, however, in obtaining data from a sufficient number of the hospital’s vendors to modify the model from its default settings to better reflect local food system actors’ purchase patterns (the subject of Module 7). Our experience suggests that practitioners need to work with community partners and consider which stages of the analysis meet their project objectives; in particular, they should focus on the difficulty and expense of incorporating Module 7. Our implications focus on strategies for decreasing the cost and effort of data collection for Module 7.

ACS Style

David Conner; Florence Becot; Diane Imrie. Critical Reflections on the USDA Local Food Economics Toolkit. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 2017, 7, 1 -9.

AMA Style

David Conner, Florence Becot, Diane Imrie. Critical Reflections on the USDA Local Food Economics Toolkit. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development. 2017; 7 (2):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Conner; Florence Becot; Diane Imrie. 2017. "Critical Reflections on the USDA Local Food Economics Toolkit." Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 7, no. 2: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2016 in Sustainability
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Environmental degradation threatens the long term resiliency of the US food and farming system. While USDA has provided conservation incentives for the adoption of best management practices (BMPs), only a small percentage of farms have participated in such conservation programs. This study uses conjoint analysis to examine Vermont farmers’ underlying preferences and willingness-to-accept (WTA) incentives for three common BMPs. Based on the results of this survey, we hypothesize that federal cost share programs’ payments are below preferred incentive levels and that less familiar and more complex BMPs require a higher payment. Our implications focus on strategies to test these hypotheses and align incentive payments and other non-monetary options to increase BMP adoption.

ACS Style

David Conner; Jennifer Miller; Asim Zia; Qingbin Wang; Heather Darby. Conjoint Analysis of Farmers’ Response to Conservation Incentives. Sustainability 2016, 8, 684 .

AMA Style

David Conner, Jennifer Miller, Asim Zia, Qingbin Wang, Heather Darby. Conjoint Analysis of Farmers’ Response to Conservation Incentives. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (7):684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Conner; Jennifer Miller; Asim Zia; Qingbin Wang; Heather Darby. 2016. "Conjoint Analysis of Farmers’ Response to Conservation Incentives." Sustainability 8, no. 7: 684.

Articles
Published: 02 April 2016 in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition
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Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption has been linked to positive health outcomes. States and municipalities have encouraged participation in the local food system to foster public health and other community benefits. This study examines determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in Vermont through the use of a representative statewide poll. Ordered logit regression models examined the drivers of FV consumption. Buying direct from farmers and perceived impacts on health and the environment significantly increase reported FV consumption likelihood across all participants. Implications focus on messages around the environmental benefits of FV consumption and efforts to increase local food accessibility.

ACS Style

David S. Conner; Bernice R. Garnett. Economic and Environmental Drivers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Socioeconomically Diverse Adults in Vermont. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 2016, 11, 263 -271.

AMA Style

David S. Conner, Bernice R. Garnett. Economic and Environmental Drivers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Socioeconomically Diverse Adults in Vermont. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition. 2016; 11 (2):263-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David S. Conner; Bernice R. Garnett. 2016. "Economic and Environmental Drivers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Socioeconomically Diverse Adults in Vermont." Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 11, no. 2: 263-271.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2015 in Agriculture
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Climate change impacts local agricultural systems in detectable and distinguishable ways from large-scale shifts in water, land, and weather patterns to regionally specific distributions of weeds, pests, and diseases. Best management practices for adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change include modifications to farm production through adjusted intensity and product types and changing land use through crop siting and tillage practices. Farmer perceptions of risk and profitability of best management practices are key determinants of adoption, which traditional incentive programs like the Environmental Quality Incentive Program attempt to address by providing financial and technical support. To ensure that payments offered through these programs that maximize adoption, regional incentive payments must be based upon locally established costs. This paper focuses on the cost of implementing and maintaining climate change specific best management practices (CCBMPs) for twelve diverse farms in Vermont. Specifically, three CCBMPs for Vermont are examined: cover cropping, management intensive rotational grazing (MIRG), and riparian buffer strips. Results show the average cost for cover cropping is $129.24/acre, MIRG is $79.82/acre, and a tree based riparian buffer strip cost $807.33/acre. We conclude that existing incentive payments for cover cropping and MIRG are below costs, likely resulting in under-adoption.

ACS Style

Alexander P. Helling; David S. Conner; Sarah N. Heiss; Linda S. Berlin. Economic Analysis of Climate Change Best Management Practices in Vermont Agriculture. Agriculture 2015, 5, 879 -900.

AMA Style

Alexander P. Helling, David S. Conner, Sarah N. Heiss, Linda S. Berlin. Economic Analysis of Climate Change Best Management Practices in Vermont Agriculture. Agriculture. 2015; 5 (3):879-900.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander P. Helling; David S. Conner; Sarah N. Heiss; Linda S. Berlin. 2015. "Economic Analysis of Climate Change Best Management Practices in Vermont Agriculture." Agriculture 5, no. 3: 879-900.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2015 in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition
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ACS Style

Laurel Valchuis; David S. Conner; Linda Berlin; Qingbin Wang. Stacking Beliefs and Participation in Alternative Food Systems. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 2015, 10, 214 -229.

AMA Style

Laurel Valchuis, David S. Conner, Linda Berlin, Qingbin Wang. Stacking Beliefs and Participation in Alternative Food Systems. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition. 2015; 10 (2):214-229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurel Valchuis; David S. Conner; Linda Berlin; Qingbin Wang. 2015. "Stacking Beliefs and Participation in Alternative Food Systems." Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 10, no. 2: 214-229.

Book chapter
Published: 02 September 2014 in The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics
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Pasture-based dairy farming in Michigan may be part of a solution to the dual problems of aging farmer populations and the disappearance of small- and medium-scale farms, as well as providing a host of ancillary benefits. Previous research has shown that many farmers lack effective promotional messages for this product, which is a significant barrier to bringing it to market. The goal of this research was to create and test promotional messages with potential consumers, while also investigating current perceptions and attitudes about milk and its attributes. Insights should ultimately be used to conduct an online survey, with the ultimate goal of expanding the demand for pasture-based dairy. Trained researchers conducted six focus groups dispersed geographically in Lower Michigan in May and June, 2010. Participants generated hand-drawn milk labels that represented attributes they seek while purchasing milk and answered oral questions about their milk purchases as well as evaluated images designed by a graphic artist. The most common themes to emerge in participant’s hand-drawn images included cows in pasture, blue skies, and sunshine. Words appearing on these same drawings indicated that participants generally wanted organic, local, and grass-fed milk products. Further discussion confirmed these same three themes as being the most important milk attributes. Reasons cited for desiring these attributes included a belief in improved human health, animal welfare, and environmental benefit. Opinions on potential milk labels varied, but most preferred an image that was both artistic and realistic and portrayed a cow actively feeding at pasture.

ACS Style

Kristin L. Getter; Bridget K. Behe; Philip H. Howard; David S. Conner; Lia M. Spaniolo. Increasing Demand for Pasture-Based Dairy: What Attributes and Images Do Consumers Want? The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics 2014, 22, 125 -140.

AMA Style

Kristin L. Getter, Bridget K. Behe, Philip H. Howard, David S. Conner, Lia M. Spaniolo. Increasing Demand for Pasture-Based Dairy: What Attributes and Images Do Consumers Want? The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics. 2014; 22 ():125-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristin L. Getter; Bridget K. Behe; Philip H. Howard; David S. Conner; Lia M. Spaniolo. 2014. "Increasing Demand for Pasture-Based Dairy: What Attributes and Images Do Consumers Want?" The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics 22, no. : 125-140.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2014 in Agriculture and Human Values
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Farm to institution (FTI) programs represent alternative supply chains that aim to organize the activities of local producers with institutions that feed the local community. The current study demonstrates the value of structuration theory (Giddens in J Theory Soc Behav 13(1):75–80, 1983; The constitution of society: outline of the theory of structuration. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1984) for conceptualizing how FTI agents create, maintain, and change organizational structures associated with FTI and traditional supply chains. Based on interviews with supply chain agents participating in FTI programs, we found that infrastructure, relationships, and pricing were seen as important factors that enabled and constrained FTI organizing. Additionally, we describe how FTI organizing serves to simultaneously reinforce and challenge the practices associated with traditional supply chains. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed as well as directions for future research.

ACS Style

Sarah N. Heiss; Noelle K. Sevoian; David S. Conner; Linda Berlin. Farm to institution programs: organizing practices that enable and constrain Vermont’s alternative food supply chains. Agriculture and Human Values 2014, 32, 87 -97.

AMA Style

Sarah N. Heiss, Noelle K. Sevoian, David S. Conner, Linda Berlin. Farm to institution programs: organizing practices that enable and constrain Vermont’s alternative food supply chains. Agriculture and Human Values. 2014; 32 (1):87-97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah N. Heiss; Noelle K. Sevoian; David S. Conner; Linda Berlin. 2014. "Farm to institution programs: organizing practices that enable and constrain Vermont’s alternative food supply chains." Agriculture and Human Values 32, no. 1: 87-97.

Articles
Published: 24 January 2014 in Journal of Food Products Marketing
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Pasture-raised (PR) milk is a specialty product that could feasibly be produced by economically challenged dairy farms. Our goal was to profile the milk market using an internet survey to identify potential future consumers of PR milk. There were 611 U.S. respondents that were divided into three categories as types of milk consumers: those who only purchased conventional milk in the past year (CONV), those who only purchased non-conventional milk (such as organic, PR, or natural milk) in the past year (NONCONV), and those who purchased both conventional and non-conventional milk in the past year (MIXED). MIXED and NONCONV agreed or strongly agreed with PR milk benefits substantially more than CONV. PR milk was also valued by NONCONV and MIXED in purchasing intentions, but not nearly as much as organic milk. In addition, CONV valued PR milk in purchasing intentions more than organic milk. Results suggest that PR milk can be successfully positioned to appeal to MIXED and perhaps some CONV, potentially increasing sales or market share.

ACS Style

Kristin L. Getter; Bridget K. Behe; David S. Conner; Philip H. Howard. Pasture-Raised Milk: The Market for a Differentiated Product. Journal of Food Products Marketing 2014, 20, 146 -161.

AMA Style

Kristin L. Getter, Bridget K. Behe, David S. Conner, Philip H. Howard. Pasture-Raised Milk: The Market for a Differentiated Product. Journal of Food Products Marketing. 2014; 20 (2):146-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristin L. Getter; Bridget K. Behe; David S. Conner; Philip H. Howard. 2014. "Pasture-Raised Milk: The Market for a Differentiated Product." Journal of Food Products Marketing 20, no. 2: 146-161.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2014 in Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
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Farm to institution (FTI) efforts aim to increase the amount of locally produced foods, typically fruits and vegetables, served by institutions such as schools, colleges, hospitals, senior meal sites, and correctional facilities. Scholars have cited these efforts as contributing to public health and community-based food systems goals. Prior research has found that relationships based on shared values have played a critical role in motivating and sustaining FTI efforts. We review previous studies, discussing values that motivate participation, and affect practices and relationships in FTI supply chains. We use semi-structured interviews to better understand supply chain actors’ values and motivations and how they affect behaviors, with the aim of informing efforts to increase the scope and effectiveness of FTI efforts. All participants are currently engaged in FTI efforts. We find a mix of social and economic values were present for farmers, distributors, and buyers. Our implications focus on the importance of shared values and relationships, the benefit of local food for businesses along the supply chain, and the potential of non-school institution markets as entry points for farmers.

ACS Style

David S. Conner; Noelle Sevoian; Sarah N. Heiss; Linda Berlin. The Diverse Values and Motivations of Vermont Farm to Institution Supply Chain Actors. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2014, 27, 695 -713.

AMA Style

David S. Conner, Noelle Sevoian, Sarah N. Heiss, Linda Berlin. The Diverse Values and Motivations of Vermont Farm to Institution Supply Chain Actors. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 2014; 27 (5):695-713.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David S. Conner; Noelle Sevoian; Sarah N. Heiss; Linda Berlin. 2014. "The Diverse Values and Motivations of Vermont Farm to Institution Supply Chain Actors." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27, no. 5: 695-713.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2013 in Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics
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Institutional food service can be defined as entities that provide meals at institutions including schools, colleges and universities, and hospitals, as well as correctional facilities, public and private cafeterias, nursing homes, and day-care and senior centers. Interest lies in their potential roles in sourcing food from regional farmers, ranchers, and processors, thereby contributing to the development of regional food systems through farm to institution (FTI) or farm to cafeteria programs, of which farm to school (FTS) is the best known case. These programs combine local food procurement and experiential education to forge closer ties between farmers and consumers.

ACS Style

David S. Conner. Institutional Food Service. Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics 2013, 1 -6.

AMA Style

David S. Conner. Institutional Food Service. Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. 2013; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David S. Conner. 2013. "Institutional Food Service." Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics , no. : 1-6.