The influence of a direct current (DC) stray current on the corrosion and cathodic disbondment of X80 steel coated with a polyethylene (3PE) coating in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied by immersion experiments, electrochemical tests, three-dimensional microscopy, and a surface analysis. The results showed that the potential of the X80 steel sample shifts under the direct current. After 100A/m² DC interference was applied, the potential of the sample in the anode region positively shifted from –0.68 to –0.43 V. At the same time, the sample in the cathode region negatively shifted to –1.45 V. Under the DC anode action, the X80 steel corrosion exhibited no passivation and followed Faraday’s law of electrolysis, in which the corrosion rate is proportional to the current density. Three-dimensional (3D) digital microscopy showed that, as the DC current increased, the depth of the corrosion pit also increased (gradually), indicating a higher corrosion degree. The sample in the cathode region only underwent a hydrogen evolution reaction, which caused cathodic disbondment of the coating. The stray current had a critical current density for the coating disbonding: the coating delamination area reached its maximum and then remained unchanged.

Research in the field of tribo-mechatronics has been gaining popularity in recent decades. The objective of the current research is to improve static/dynamics characteristics of hydrostatic bearings. Hydrostatic bearings always work in harsh environmental conditions that effect their performance, and which may even result in their failure. The current research proposes a mathematical model-based system for hydrostatic bearings that helps to improve its static/dynamic characteristics under varying conditions of performance-influencing variables such as temperature, spindle speed, external load, and clearance gap. To achieve these objectives, the capillary restrictors are replaced with servo valves, and a mathematical model is developed along with robust control design systems. The control system consists of feedforward and feedback control techniques that have not been applied before for hydrostatic bearings in the published literature. The feedforward control tries to remove a disturbance before it enters the system while feedback control achieves the objective of disturbance rejection and improves steady-state characteristics. The feedforward control is a trajectory-based controller and the feedback controller is a sliding mode controller with a PID sliding surface. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to tune the 6-dimensional vector of the tuning parameters with multi-objective performance criteria. Numerical investigations have been carried out to check the performance of the proposed system under varying conditions of viscosity, clearance gap, external load and the spindle speed. The comparison of our results with the published literature shows the effectiveness of the proposed system.

The effects of carbon nanofibres (CNFs), titanium nanoparticles (Ti) and CNF–Ti fillers on the water absorption and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results showed that with the increase in filler mass fraction, the water absorption and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When 6% CNF–Ti filler was added, the water absorption and diffusion coefficients of the composites were reduced to 2.32% and 1.04 ± 0.05 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s, and their tensile and impact strengths were improved by 200% and 124.55%, respectively, compared with the pure resin. However, when the filler was added in excess, agglomerates were generated inside the composite, which can affect the performance of the composite to a great extent. The above experimental results were verified by morphology observations via scanning electron microscopy.