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Mrs. Benedetta Lucchitta
Bocconi University, Milan

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0 Policy Analysis
0 environemntal policy
0 economic and environmental regulation
0 climate change
0 Urban Adaptation

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Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer multiple solutions to urban challenges simultaneously, but realising funding for NBS remains a challenge. When the concept of NBS for societal challenges was first defined by the EC in 2017, financing was recognised as one of the major challenges to its mainstreaming. The complexity of NBS finance has its origin in the multiple benefits/stakeholders involved, which obscures the argument for both public and private sector investment. Since 2017, subsequent waves of EU research- and innovation-funded projects have substantially contributed to the knowledge base of funding and business models for NBS, particularly in the urban context. Collaborating and sharing knowledge through an EU Task Force, this first set of EU projects laid important knowledge foundations, reviewing existing literature, and compiling empirical evidence of different financing approaches and the business models that underpinned them. The second set of EU innovation actions advanced this knowledge base, developing and testing new implementation models, business model tools, and approaches. This paper presents the findings of these projects from a business model perspective to improve our understanding of the value propositions of NBS to support their mainstreaming.

ACS Style

Beatriz Mayor; Helen Toxopeus; Siobhan McQuaid; Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Suhana Reddy; Aitziber Egusquiza; Monica Altamirano; Tamara Trumbic; Andreas Tuerk; Gemma García; Efrén Feliu; Cosima Malandrino; Joanne Schante; Anne Jensen; Elena López Gunn. State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7413 .

AMA Style

Beatriz Mayor, Helen Toxopeus, Siobhan McQuaid, Edoardo Croci, Benedetta Lucchitta, Suhana Reddy, Aitziber Egusquiza, Monica Altamirano, Tamara Trumbic, Andreas Tuerk, Gemma García, Efrén Feliu, Cosima Malandrino, Joanne Schante, Anne Jensen, Elena López Gunn. State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatriz Mayor; Helen Toxopeus; Siobhan McQuaid; Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Suhana Reddy; Aitziber Egusquiza; Monica Altamirano; Tamara Trumbic; Andreas Tuerk; Gemma García; Efrén Feliu; Cosima Malandrino; Joanne Schante; Anne Jensen; Elena López Gunn. 2021. "State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7413.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper critically analyses the methodologies that can be adopted to value ecosystem services (ESs) at the urban level through a literature review. While literature on ES valuation has grown in recent years, its application to urban contexts is still limited. Twenty-five papers, which include 29 different case studies, carry out an economic valuation and have undergone an in-depth analysis. The papers have been selected out of 80 papers detected through keywords. Six different valuation methodologies have been employed in the case studies. The most common ESs valued at the urban level are air quality regulation, local climate regulation, carbon sequestration and storage, and aesthetic appreciation and inspiration for culture, art, and design. The methodologies recur with different frequencies in the valuation of ESs at the urban level. Choice modeling and contingent valuation methodologies are used to value a variety of ESs, including regulating, cultural, and supporting services. Other methodologies are used to value only specific ESs. The replacement cost and damage cost avoided methodologies are used for the assessment of regulation services only; the travel cost method and contingent valuation are used for cultural services only. The results indicate that the considered valuation methodologies show different levels of appropriateness with respect to specific ES categories. Therefore, there is a need to expand the application of valuation methodologies to capture the value of all ESs provided by natural resources, in order to protect and enhance them.

ACS Style

Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Tommaso Penati. Valuing Ecosystem Services at the Urban Level: A Critical Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1129 .

AMA Style

Edoardo Croci, Benedetta Lucchitta, Tommaso Penati. Valuing Ecosystem Services at the Urban Level: A Critical Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Tommaso Penati. 2021. "Valuing Ecosystem Services at the Urban Level: A Critical Review." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1129.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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ACS Style

Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta. Nature-based solutions (NBSs) for urban resilience. Introduction. ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2019, 31 -42.

AMA Style

Edoardo Croci, Benedetta Lucchitta. Nature-based solutions (NBSs) for urban resilience. Introduction. ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT. 2019; (2):31-42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta. 2019. "Nature-based solutions (NBSs) for urban resilience. Introduction." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT , no. 2: 31-42.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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In 2008, the European Commission (EC) launched the Covenant of Mayors (CoM), a voluntary agreement under which local governments commit to reduce CO2 emissions by at least 20% within 2020, in order to reinforce local authorities in designing strategies to mitigate climate change in coherence with the European Union’s climate policy. The CoM may be defined as a coordinated collection of experiments based on common rules established by the EC. Cities signing the CoM commit to follow guidelines and standardized methodologies in setting CO2 emission reduction targets and in designing and implementing policies and measures to reach them, through the definition of key tools such as the Baseline Emission Inventory (BEI) and the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP). The present study analyses the emission reduction strategies of a sample of 124 cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, signatories of the CoM, which delivered a SEAP by February 2014. More than 5500 actions planned by the sample cities were analysed and categorized. The most relevant actions in terms of recurrence and mitigation impact were assessed. Finally a set of variables was tested through a regression so as to determine their influence on emission reductions strategies. The main results of this study show that the sample cities accounted for a total of 370 million tons of CO2 emissions in selected baseline years and 94 million tons of intended emission reductions per year. The total emission reductions planned by cities reached 25% of the baseline emissions. Buildings and Transport stood out as the sectors where cities intend to deliver the largest emission reductions. Furthermore the analysis showed that cities’ administrations attribute higher potential to actions in subsectors under their direct control (municipal buildings, public transport, municipal fleet and public lighting) compared to actions in subsectors managed by private actors (households and firms). In the Building sector, the category of action delivering the highest share of CO2 emission reductions was represented by integrated actions, which combine several types of intervention so as to maximise the energy efficiency of buildings. In the transport sector, it was the modal shift, which implies a transition from private transport to public and cleaner transport modes. In both the Building and Transport sectors, cities plan to reduce the major amount of CO2 emissions through the implementation of management and organization, infrastructure construction and awareness-raising policy levers. Our results may be useful to urban policy makers to shape their mitigation strategies in coherence with cities’ commitments and plans and to replicate policies and actions on the basis of CoM signatories’ experiences.JRC.C.5-Air and Climat

ACS Style

Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Greet Janssens-Maenhout; Simone Martelli; Tania Molteni. Urban CO2 mitigation strategies under the Covenant of Mayors: An assessment of 124 European cities. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 169, 161 -177.

AMA Style

Edoardo Croci, Benedetta Lucchitta, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Simone Martelli, Tania Molteni. Urban CO2 mitigation strategies under the Covenant of Mayors: An assessment of 124 European cities. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 169 ():161-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Greet Janssens-Maenhout; Simone Martelli; Tania Molteni. 2017. "Urban CO2 mitigation strategies under the Covenant of Mayors: An assessment of 124 European cities." Journal of Cleaner Production 169, no. : 161-177.