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There are international activities and on-going initiatives, particularly at the European level, to define what Positive Energy Districts should be, as the driving concept for the urban transition to a sustainable future. The first objective of the paper is to contribute to the on-going and lively debate about the definition of the notion of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhood (SPEN), which highlights the multiple dimensions when talking about sustainability in districts moving beyond the traditional and strict building energy assessment. Based on a holistic methodology which ensures the consideration of the multidimensional nature and goals of SPEN, the paper outlines an evaluation framework. The evaluation framework defines the key performance indicators distributed in five categories that consider energy and power performance, GHG emissions, indoor environmental quality, smartness, flexibility, life cycle costs and social sustainability. This framework is designed to be implemented during integrated design processes aiming to select design options for a neighbourhood as well within during the operational phase for monitoring its performance. Further work will include the implementation and validation of the framework in four real-life positive energy neighbourhoods in different climate zones of Europe as part of syn.ikia H2020 project.
Jaume Salom; Meril Tamm; Inger Andresen; Davide Cali; Ábel Magyari; Viktor Bukovszki; Rebeka Balázs; Paraskevi Dorizas; Zsolt Toth; Clara Mafé; Caroline Cheng; András Reith; Paolo Civiero; Jordi Pascual; Niki Gaitani. An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment. Energies 2021, 14, 4314 .
AMA StyleJaume Salom, Meril Tamm, Inger Andresen, Davide Cali, Ábel Magyari, Viktor Bukovszki, Rebeka Balázs, Paraskevi Dorizas, Zsolt Toth, Clara Mafé, Caroline Cheng, András Reith, Paolo Civiero, Jordi Pascual, Niki Gaitani. An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4314.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaume Salom; Meril Tamm; Inger Andresen; Davide Cali; Ábel Magyari; Viktor Bukovszki; Rebeka Balázs; Paraskevi Dorizas; Zsolt Toth; Clara Mafé; Caroline Cheng; András Reith; Paolo Civiero; Jordi Pascual; Niki Gaitani. 2021. "An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment." Energies 14, no. 14: 4314.
In Europe, more and more data on building energy use will be collected in the future as a result of the energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD), issued by the European Union. Moreover, both at European level and globally it became evident that the real energy performance of new buildings and the existing building stock needs to be documented better. Such documentation can, for example, be done with data-driven methods based on mathematical and statistical approaches. Even though the methods to extract energy performance characteristics of buildings are numerous, they are of varying reliability and often associated with a significant amount of human labour, making them hard to apply on a large scale. A classical approach to identify certain thermal performance parameters is the energy signature method. In this study, an automatised, nonlinear and smooth approach to the well-known energy signature is proposed, to quantify key thermal building performance parameters. The research specifically aims at describing the linear and nonlinear heat usage dependency on outdoor temperature, wind and solar irradiation. To make the model scalable, we realised it so that it only needs the daily average heat use of buildings, the outdoor temperature, the wind speed and the global solar irradiation. The results of applying the proposed method on heat consumption data from 16 different and randomly selected Danish occupied houses are analysed.
Christoffer Rasmussen; Peder Bacher; Davide Calì; Henrik Aalborg Nielsen; Henrik Madsen. Method for Scalable and Automatised Thermal Building Performance Documentation and Screening. Energies 2020, 13, 3866 .
AMA StyleChristoffer Rasmussen, Peder Bacher, Davide Calì, Henrik Aalborg Nielsen, Henrik Madsen. Method for Scalable and Automatised Thermal Building Performance Documentation and Screening. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):3866.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristoffer Rasmussen; Peder Bacher; Davide Calì; Henrik Aalborg Nielsen; Henrik Madsen. 2020. "Method for Scalable and Automatised Thermal Building Performance Documentation and Screening." Energies 13, no. 15: 3866.
Davide Cali; Dirk Müller; Henrik Madsen. Benefits of the Inclusion of Occupant Behaviour Profiles in the Simulation of the Energy Performance of Buildings. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleDavide Cali, Dirk Müller, Henrik Madsen. Benefits of the Inclusion of Occupant Behaviour Profiles in the Simulation of the Energy Performance of Buildings. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Cali; Dirk Müller; Henrik Madsen. 2020. "Benefits of the Inclusion of Occupant Behaviour Profiles in the Simulation of the Energy Performance of Buildings." Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA , no. : 1.
This work presents a novel occupancy simulation model for residential buildings. The main contribution is that occupancy is simulated at room level, as opposed to more course spatial resolutions in previous studies. The model is based on a time-use survey conducted in Denmark including several thousand households. It is formulated as an inhomogeneous hidden Markov model. The simulated occupancy profiles take into account the variables week day, time of day, occupant age and family type. Preliminary results show that they are in good agreement with the measurements.
Sebastian Wolf; Davide Cali; Maria Justo Alonso; Rongling Li; Rune Korsholm Andersen; John Krogstie; Henrik Madsen. Room-level occupancy simulation model for private households. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1343, 012126 .
AMA StyleSebastian Wolf, Davide Cali, Maria Justo Alonso, Rongling Li, Rune Korsholm Andersen, John Krogstie, Henrik Madsen. Room-level occupancy simulation model for private households. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1343 (1):012126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Wolf; Davide Cali; Maria Justo Alonso; Rongling Li; Rune Korsholm Andersen; John Krogstie; Henrik Madsen. 2019. "Room-level occupancy simulation model for private households." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1343, no. 1: 012126.
The operation of heating, cooling and air-conditioning (HVAC) in buildings often adheres to fixed time schedules. However, associating HVAC schedules to the occupant’s presence patterns can save a significant amount of energy, reducing operation periods to the required minimum. Therefore, automated occupancy estimation provides valuable input to efficient building control strategies. This work discusses the validation and adjustment for two carbon dioxide-based occupancy detection algorithms based on data from ten multi-person offices. Both methods are based on a carbon dioxide mass balance equation. However, they follow two different philosophies. One model is deterministic and includes a more detailed representation of the system, whereas the other model includes stochastic elements and was based on fewer assumptions. Both approaches show similar and promising results. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are reviewed. Furthermore, adjustments of the algorithms to the given conditions and possible future improvements are discussed.
Felix Nienaber; Sebastian Wolf; Mark Wesseling; Davide Cali; Dirk Müller; Henrik Madsen. Validation, optimisation and comparison of carbon dioxide-based occupancy estimation algorithms. Indoor and Built Environment 2019, 29, 820 -834.
AMA StyleFelix Nienaber, Sebastian Wolf, Mark Wesseling, Davide Cali, Dirk Müller, Henrik Madsen. Validation, optimisation and comparison of carbon dioxide-based occupancy estimation algorithms. Indoor and Built Environment. 2019; 29 (6):820-834.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelix Nienaber; Sebastian Wolf; Mark Wesseling; Davide Cali; Dirk Müller; Henrik Madsen. 2019. "Validation, optimisation and comparison of carbon dioxide-based occupancy estimation algorithms." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 6: 820-834.
In the existing building stock, heating, cooling and ventilation often run on fixed schedules assuming maximal occupancy. However, fitting the control of the HVAC system to the building’s real demand offers large potential for energy savings over the status quo. Building occupants’ presence as well as mechanically supplied and infiltrated airflow rates provide information that enables to define tailored strategies for demand-controlled ventilation. Hence, real-time estimations of these quantities are a valuable input to demand-controlled built environments. In this work, the use of stochastic differential equations (SDE) to estimate the room occupancy, infiltration air-rate and ventilation air-rate is investigated. In particular, a grey-box model based on a carbon dioxide (CO2) mass balance equation is presented. The model combines knowledge about the physical system with statistical, data-driven parameter estimation. Furthermore, the proposed model contains uncertainty parameters. This is in contrast to purely deterministic models based on ordinary differential equations, where uncertainty is usually disregarded. The suggested model has been tested in a naturally ventilated and in a mechanically ventilated environment; the performance in these two cases has been compared. We show that the ability to address measurement errors and non-homogeneous conditions in the room air implies that the suggested SDE-based grey-box approach is suitable in the context of demand-controlled ventilation.
Sebastian Wolf; Maria Justo Alonso; Davide Cali; John Krogstie; Hans Martin Mathisen; Henrik Madsen. CO2-based grey-box model to estimate airflow rate and room occupancy. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 111, 1 .
AMA StyleSebastian Wolf, Maria Justo Alonso, Davide Cali, John Krogstie, Hans Martin Mathisen, Henrik Madsen. CO2-based grey-box model to estimate airflow rate and room occupancy. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 111 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Wolf; Maria Justo Alonso; Davide Cali; John Krogstie; Hans Martin Mathisen; Henrik Madsen. 2019. "CO2-based grey-box model to estimate airflow rate and room occupancy." E3S Web of Conferences 111, no. : 1.
Real energy performance of new and retrofitted buildings often consistently differs from expectations. While occupants might complain about poor indoor climate, the energy use in such buildings is often higher than expected, leading to the well-known phenomenon called “Energy Performance Gap”. In the past years, monitoring of buildings, both in terms of energy use and indoor climate conditions, was realised mostly for office buildings only, and at high financial costs. However, the exponential growth in availability of IoT devices, over the last years, opens now new scenarios for low-cost monitoring and control solutions of buildings. Yet, modern IoT devices are often only accessible online through the vendors’ software, although some devices make use of open communication protocols and can, therefore, be connected to open platforms such as openHAB. However, the use of open platforms is still connected to a big efforts for many final users. We, therefore, propose climify.org, an open platform for plug and play connection of IoT sensors and actuators, for easy monitoring and controlling of buildings and buildings’ HVAC systems. The platform climify.org offers, at time of writing, three main applications. The first application is an IoT device installation app, to be used on portable devices (e.g. mobile phones or tablets of system administrators): this app allows easily installing and locating a sensor or an actuator, within a building. The second application is an online service for data visualisation and HVAC control: while the monitoring data can be plotted, the service offers several data evaluation methods; moreover, the settings of the connected actuators can be modified and controlled. The third application can be installed on portable devices (mobile phones and tablets of buildings’ occupants) and allows occupants to provide feedback on their perception of the indoor climate through several questionnaires’ formats. Through the three applications developed within climify.org, we aim at providing the best indoor climate and the lowest energy use through a low-cost solution.
Davide Calì; Ekkart Kindler; Razgar Ebrahimy; Peder Bacher; Kevin Hu; Michelle Lind Østrup; Magnus Bachalarz; Henrik Madsen. climify.org: an online solution for easy control and monitoring of the indoor environment. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 111, 1 .
AMA StyleDavide Calì, Ekkart Kindler, Razgar Ebrahimy, Peder Bacher, Kevin Hu, Michelle Lind Østrup, Magnus Bachalarz, Henrik Madsen. climify.org: an online solution for easy control and monitoring of the indoor environment. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 111 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Calì; Ekkart Kindler; Razgar Ebrahimy; Peder Bacher; Kevin Hu; Michelle Lind Østrup; Magnus Bachalarz; Henrik Madsen. 2019. "climify.org: an online solution for easy control and monitoring of the indoor environment." E3S Web of Conferences 111, no. : 1.
In the existing building stock, heating, cooling and ventilation usually run on fixed schedules, in many cases, even all day. In particular, ventilation systems often run with a constant air flow rate that is adjusted based on the assumption of maximum occupancy. Hence, reducing the operation to the required extent would offer energy potential. Model-based, demand-controlled heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems can help to achieve this. Information on the number of occupants present in a room and ventilation-related quantities, such as the room-air change rate, are important parameters to control the ventilation of a building. Hence, an automated estimation of these would help to find optimal model-based control strategies. In this work, the use of a grey-box model based on a carbon dioxide mass balance is explored to estimate room occupancy and ventilation parameters. The main contribution of this study is the employment of stochastic differential equations to describe this mass balance. In contrast to ordinary differential equations, the stochastic framework employed here is able to address measurement errors as well as errors that derive from an inevitably oversimplified description of the physical system. Due to its probabilistic nature, this approach inherently includes a method of parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood approach, which additionally provides a measure of uncertainty for every estimated parameter. The presented model was tested in one naturally ventilated and one mechanically ventilated office room. In both cases, the estimation of occupancy and of the model parameters showed promising results. This leads to the conclusion that the suggested model can be considered as a candidate to be integrated into building control systems.
Sebastian Wolf; Davide Cali; John Krogstie; Henrik Madsen. Carbon dioxide-based occupancy estimation using stochastic differential equations. Applied Energy 2018, 236, 32 -41.
AMA StyleSebastian Wolf, Davide Cali, John Krogstie, Henrik Madsen. Carbon dioxide-based occupancy estimation using stochastic differential equations. Applied Energy. 2018; 236 ():32-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Wolf; Davide Cali; John Krogstie; Henrik Madsen. 2018. "Carbon dioxide-based occupancy estimation using stochastic differential equations." Applied Energy 236, no. : 32-41.
This paper complements existing Smart City taxonomies with a case study of concrete cross-boundary collaboration between actors from diverse disciplines and institutions. The paper explores technical, social and organizational aspects of indoor climate in public buildings in Copenhagen, and outlines a digital platform (skoleklima.dk/climify.org) for the visualization and evaluation of locally produced data. The platform is to improve temporarily challenging situations ‘right-in-time’, help to solve continuous problematic conditions in the buildings and provide a scientific data infrastructure for better political decision-making. Furthermore, the paper suggests that research in active public organizations (‘living labs’) unfolds in erratic and dynamic trajectories, and in order to attain comprehensive understanding and reach innovative solutions, involved actors need to explore and intertwine diverse technical, social, political and organizational circumstances. With an empirically outset, the paper thus opens for new contextual driven understandings of cross-boundary collaboration in Smart City development.
Simon Westergaard Lex; Davide Calì; Morten Koed Rasmussen; Peder Bacher; Magnus Bachalarz; Henrik Madsen. A cross-disciplinary path to healthy and energy efficient buildings. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2018, 142, 273 -284.
AMA StyleSimon Westergaard Lex, Davide Calì, Morten Koed Rasmussen, Peder Bacher, Magnus Bachalarz, Henrik Madsen. A cross-disciplinary path to healthy and energy efficient buildings. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2018; 142 ():273-284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon Westergaard Lex; Davide Calì; Morten Koed Rasmussen; Peder Bacher; Magnus Bachalarz; Henrik Madsen. 2018. "A cross-disciplinary path to healthy and energy efficient buildings." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 142, no. : 273-284.
New and retrofitted buildings often do not perform as expected. In fact, the real energy performance of a building depends on deterministic characteristics (e.g. building's structure and HVAC), and on stochastic elements (e.g. occupants' behavior). Probabilistic models of occupant behavior in the simulation of buildings' energy performance can help to bridge the gap between prediction and real energy consumption. With this aim, a stochastic window status profile generator (WinProGen) is introduced, validated (using the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique) through observations from field tests, and tested through dynamic building simulations. In WinProGen, we implemented three models for the generation of window state profiles, based on field test data, with a time resolution of 1 min. The profiles generated from model 1 depend on the time of the day and the daily average ambient temperature. The profiles generated from model 2 depend on the time of the day, on the daily average ambient temperature and on the day of the week (working day or weekend day). The profiles generated from model 3 depend on the time of the day, on the daily average ambient temperature of the actual day and on the daily average ambient temperature of the past day. The generated profiles can be used as an input to simulate dynamic building energy performance. Moreover, users can include in WinProGen their own field test data to generate own state profiles. The dynamic simulation of two demonstrator buildings with the generated window state profiles offers reliable predictions of buildings' energy performance.
Davide Calì; Mark Thomas Wesseling; Dirk Müller. WinProGen: A Markov-Chain-based stochastic window status profile generator for the simulation of realistic energy performance in buildings. Building and Environment 2018, 136, 240 -258.
AMA StyleDavide Calì, Mark Thomas Wesseling, Dirk Müller. WinProGen: A Markov-Chain-based stochastic window status profile generator for the simulation of realistic energy performance in buildings. Building and Environment. 2018; 136 ():240-258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Calì; Mark Thomas Wesseling; Dirk Müller. 2018. "WinProGen: A Markov-Chain-based stochastic window status profile generator for the simulation of realistic energy performance in buildings." Building and Environment 136, no. : 240-258.
We propose an advanced modelling framework to predict the scope and effects of behavioural diversity regarding building occupant actions on window openings, shading devices and lighting. We develop a statistical approach based on generalised linear mixed models to account for the longitudinal nature of observations on occupants, and to provide a coherent method to capture observed variability amongst occupant/room pairings through built-in probabilistic terms describing occupant diversity in a tractable manner within building energy simulation. The contribution of the proposed method is demonstrated using collected behavioural data from three long-term monitoring campaigns (an office building in Switzerland and residential units in Germany and Denmark).
Frédéric Haldi; Davide Cali; Rune Korsholm Andersen; Mark Wesseling; Dirk Müller. Modelling diversity in building occupant behaviour: a novel statistical approach. Journal of Building Performance Simulation 2016, 10, 527 -544.
AMA StyleFrédéric Haldi, Davide Cali, Rune Korsholm Andersen, Mark Wesseling, Dirk Müller. Modelling diversity in building occupant behaviour: a novel statistical approach. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. 2016; 10 (5-6):527-544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrédéric Haldi; Davide Cali; Rune Korsholm Andersen; Mark Wesseling; Dirk Müller. 2016. "Modelling diversity in building occupant behaviour: a novel statistical approach." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 10, no. 5-6: 527-544.
Davide Calì; Tanja Osterhage; Rita Streblow; Dirk Müller. Energy performance gap in refurbished German dwellings: Lesson learned from a field test. Energy and Buildings 2016, 127, 1146 -1158.
AMA StyleDavide Calì, Tanja Osterhage, Rita Streblow, Dirk Müller. Energy performance gap in refurbished German dwellings: Lesson learned from a field test. Energy and Buildings. 2016; 127 ():1146-1158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Calì; Tanja Osterhage; Rita Streblow; Dirk Müller. 2016. "Energy performance gap in refurbished German dwellings: Lesson learned from a field test." Energy and Buildings 127, no. : 1146-1158.
Real energy performances of buildings depend not only on deterministic aspects, such as building physics and HVAC systems, but also on stochastic aspects such as weather and occupants’ behavior. Typically, occupant behavior is not adequately considered when calculating the expected performance. As a result, field test studies all over Europe have shown discrepancies between real and expected energy performance of buildings. In order to bridge this gap, stochastic occupants’ behavior models could be embedded into building energy performance simulation software. In order to make such models, there is a need for a better understanding of occupants’ behavior and in particular the reasons of their adjustments of building controls such as window opening, heating set points, etc. The purpose of this paper was to analyze window opening behavior in residential buildings, investigate which drivers lead occupants to interact with windows and how these actions can be modeled. A method to analyze the probability of a state change of the windows, based on logistic regression, was applied to monitored data (measured each minute) from two refurbished demonstration buildings. The weather and the five rooms of the 60 apartments located in the buildings were monitored in terms of air quality and thermal environment (presence of occupants was not monitored) during four years. The most common driver to open a window was the time of the day, followed by the carbon dioxide concentration. The most common driver to close a window was the daily average outdoor temperature, followed by the time of the day.
Davide Calì; Rune Korsholm Andersen; Dirk Müller; Bjarne W. Olesen. Analysis of occupants' behavior related to the use of windows in German households. Building and Environment 2016, 103, 54 -69.
AMA StyleDavide Calì, Rune Korsholm Andersen, Dirk Müller, Bjarne W. Olesen. Analysis of occupants' behavior related to the use of windows in German households. Building and Environment. 2016; 103 ():54-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Calì; Rune Korsholm Andersen; Dirk Müller; Bjarne W. Olesen. 2016. "Analysis of occupants' behavior related to the use of windows in German households." Building and Environment 103, no. : 54-69.
Auf den Gebäudebereich entfallen in Europa rund 40 % des Endenergieverbrauchs und somit etwa ein Drittel der CO2‐Emissionen. In Deutschland wurden drei Viertel der Bestandsgebäude vor 1979 erstellt, die meisten dieser Gebäude sind gar nicht oder kaum energetisch saniert. Die Sanierungsquote ist momentan sehr gering und liegt bei knapp 1,1 %. Hier setzen die aktuellen politischen Bemühungen an. Zur Bewertung der Effizienz unterschiedlicher energetischer Sanierungsmaßnahmen und in Vorbereitung eines Sanierungsleitfadens wurden im Zuge eines vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie geförderten Forschungsvorhabens drei Wohngebäuderiegel mit 90 Wohneinheiten aus den 1950/60er‐Jahren unterschiedlich saniert. Ein hochauflösendes Monitoring ermöglicht eine detaillierte Analyse und dient zur Überprüfung der Effizienz der eingebauten Technik. Jahresendenergieverbrauchsanalysen lassen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Sanierungsvarianten und dem berechneten Energiebedarf erkennen.
Tanja Osterhage; Davide Calì; Rita Streblow; Dirk Müller. Ergebnisse einer energetischen Sanierung: Abweichung zwischen Energiebedarf und Verbrauch - ist nur der Nutzer Schuld? Bauphysik 2015, 37, 100 -104.
AMA StyleTanja Osterhage, Davide Calì, Rita Streblow, Dirk Müller. Ergebnisse einer energetischen Sanierung: Abweichung zwischen Energiebedarf und Verbrauch - ist nur der Nutzer Schuld? Bauphysik. 2015; 37 (2):100-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanja Osterhage; Davide Calì; Rita Streblow; Dirk Müller. 2015. "Ergebnisse einer energetischen Sanierung: Abweichung zwischen Energiebedarf und Verbrauch - ist nur der Nutzer Schuld?" Bauphysik 37, no. 2: 100-104.
Davide Cali; Peter Matthes; Kristian Huchtemann; Rita Streblow; Dirk Müller. CO 2 based occupancy detection algorithm: Experimental analysis and validation for office and residential buildings. Building and Environment 2015, 86, 39 -49.
AMA StyleDavide Cali, Peter Matthes, Kristian Huchtemann, Rita Streblow, Dirk Müller. CO 2 based occupancy detection algorithm: Experimental analysis and validation for office and residential buildings. Building and Environment. 2015; 86 ():39-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Cali; Peter Matthes; Kristian Huchtemann; Rita Streblow; Dirk Müller. 2015. "CO 2 based occupancy detection algorithm: Experimental analysis and validation for office and residential buildings." Building and Environment 86, no. : 39-49.
This work introduces a multiphysics test bed which supports the testing of renewable energy systems in the context of home energy systems (HESs). The test bed, based on power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) technology, allows for testing renewable energy systems and HESs in a holistic way. Homes, as the melting pot of different forms of energy, are one of the key enablers for the smart grid technology. The interface of different energy domains is the main propeller for innovation and development of new technologies. The test bed presented in this work comprises thermal, hydraulic, communication, and electrical interfaces, enabling a variety of testing scenarios. The modular structure of the test bed allows for a very flexible setup for analyzing different kinds of HESs.
Christoph Molitor; Andrea Benigni; Alexander Helmedag; Kan Chen; Davide Cali; Pooyan Jahangiri; Dirk Müller; Antonello Monti. Multiphysics Test Bed for Renewable Energy Systems in Smart Homes. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2012, 60, 1235 -1248.
AMA StyleChristoph Molitor, Andrea Benigni, Alexander Helmedag, Kan Chen, Davide Cali, Pooyan Jahangiri, Dirk Müller, Antonello Monti. Multiphysics Test Bed for Renewable Energy Systems in Smart Homes. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2012; 60 (3):1235-1248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristoph Molitor; Andrea Benigni; Alexander Helmedag; Kan Chen; Davide Cali; Pooyan Jahangiri; Dirk Müller; Antonello Monti. 2012. "Multiphysics Test Bed for Renewable Energy Systems in Smart Homes." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 3: 1235-1248.
This paper presents the concept of Dual Demand Side Management (2DSM) as an evolution of the conventional Demand Side Management concept. 2DSM accounts at the same time on one hand for the local needs, i.e. energy efficiency of the building stock as well as optimization of the local distribution grid and on the other hand for the challenges of the higher level electrical grid arising from the integration of renewable and alternative energy sources. The proposed concept shows the possibilities originating from the interaction of local district heating, heat storage and micro grid technology. Finally the paper shows the development and testing processes required for designing complex multi-domain systems.
Christoph Molitor; Davide Calì; Rita Streblow; Ferdinanda Ponci; Dirk Müller; Antonello Monti. New energy concepts and related information technologies: Dual Demand Side Management. 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) 2012, 1 -6.
AMA StyleChristoph Molitor, Davide Calì, Rita Streblow, Ferdinanda Ponci, Dirk Müller, Antonello Monti. New energy concepts and related information technologies: Dual Demand Side Management. 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT). 2012; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristoph Molitor; Davide Calì; Rita Streblow; Ferdinanda Ponci; Dirk Müller; Antonello Monti. 2012. "New energy concepts and related information technologies: Dual Demand Side Management." 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) , no. : 1-6.
This paper describes the financial benefits of consumers while applying different operating modes to their heat pump. In order to evaluate the different operating modes a single family house with heating system has been modeled and simulated with different operation strategies of the heating system and exposed to different electricity tariff schemes. Due to the detailed building model the comfort level resulting from the different operating modes has also been evaluated.
Christoph Molitor; Ferdinanda Ponci; Antonello Monti; Davide Calì; Dirk Müller. Consumer benefits of electricity-price-driven heat pump operation in future smart grids. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings 2011, 75 -78.
AMA StyleChristoph Molitor, Ferdinanda Ponci, Antonello Monti, Davide Calì, Dirk Müller. Consumer benefits of electricity-price-driven heat pump operation in future smart grids. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings. 2011; ():75-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristoph Molitor; Ferdinanda Ponci; Antonello Monti; Davide Calì; Dirk Müller. 2011. "Consumer benefits of electricity-price-driven heat pump operation in future smart grids." 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Measurements of Future Grids (SMFG) Proceedings , no. : 75-78.
The complete refurbishment of nine buildings, each containing ten apartments of 72 m2 is presented, and preliminary results are shown. The buildings have a different retrofit scenario in terms of insulation, heat production and delivery, domestic hot water production and air–handling systems. Following the energy saving ordinance for buildings in Germany of the year 2007 [1] each building has been evaluated. A monthly energy balance based on weather data from the German test reference year has been calculated for a one year period. The results show that depending on the refurbishment solution, the retrofit can reduce the energy demand up to 93%, and increases thermal comfort. Within the next three years, the buildings will be monitored in high time resolution. Physical models of the buildings and the components are under development using the modeling language Modelica, and will be validated through measured data. Once validated, the models will be used, for example, to elaborate regulation strategies for the plants and to create new virtual refurbishment versions in the direction of a zero–impact building.
Davide Cali; Tanja Osterhage; Dirk Müller. Retrofit Solutions for Residential Buildings. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development 2011, 2, 131 -136.
AMA StyleDavide Cali, Tanja Osterhage, Dirk Müller. Retrofit Solutions for Residential Buildings. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development. 2011; 2 (2):131-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Cali; Tanja Osterhage; Dirk Müller. 2011. "Retrofit Solutions for Residential Buildings." International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development 2, no. 2: 131-136.
This paper introduces and evaluates a novel heating and cooling concept employing thermo-active building systems and environmental energy, harnessed from two 11-m(3) rainwater cisterns for a 285-m(2) residential building in passive house standard in Germany. The building strives for a significantly reduced primary energy use with carefully coordinated measures, such as high quality building envelope, by means of vacuum insulated panels, supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, reduced solar heat gains (solar shading), and the integration of thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic in the plant system. On this premise, a comprehensive long-term monitoring in high time-resolution was carried out for the building for two years with an accompanying commissioning of the building performance. Measurements comprise the energy use for heating, cooling, and ventilation, as well as the auxiliary equipment, the performance of the environmental heat source and sink (rainwater cistern), thermal comfort, and local climatic site conditions. The analysis focuses on the performance and the efficiency of rainwater cisterns as natural heat source and sink as well as the heat pump system. The paper discusses the performance of thermo-active building systems, investigates the thermal comfort, determines the efficiency of the heating/cooling system, and evaluates the total end and primary energy use of the building
Doreen E. Kalz; Jan Wienold; Martin Fischer; Davide Cali. Novel heating and cooling concept employing rainwater cisterns and thermo-active building systems for a residential building. Applied Energy 2010, 87, 650 -660.
AMA StyleDoreen E. Kalz, Jan Wienold, Martin Fischer, Davide Cali. Novel heating and cooling concept employing rainwater cisterns and thermo-active building systems for a residential building. Applied Energy. 2010; 87 (2):650-660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoreen E. Kalz; Jan Wienold; Martin Fischer; Davide Cali. 2010. "Novel heating and cooling concept employing rainwater cisterns and thermo-active building systems for a residential building." Applied Energy 87, no. 2: 650-660.