This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The building sector is responsible for more than 40% of final energy consumption in Europe; consequently, retrofitting existing buildings can significantly contribute to mitigate greenhouse emissions. Nevertheless, although the European Union has introduced relevant policy instruments, up to now the annual retrofit rates are considerably low with an average of 0.2% at European level. Understanding the past would support the success of the new strategies, such as the recent ones launched through the New Green Deal, which reinforces the importance of renovating existing buildings stock, as the main aim of the renovation wave. As a starting point for assessing the main challenges to allocate the Recovery funds, this paper provides a review of Spain’s relevant literature to clearly define the characterization of the existing building stock, which actions have been typically considered under the scope of retrofits, and which strategies have been implemented until now, considering both, private and public initiatives and public financial schemes. The present work has a strong focus on energy-related strategies, although other interrelated actions are mentioned, such as accessibility measures and interior refurbishment of dwellings. Differences and similarities within these approaches are presented through the analysis of 27 relevant references of retrofitting actions and 52 references of financial mechanisms. As in Spain 93% of multifamily buildings were constructed prior to the national transposition of the first Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), and therefore are in need of deep energy renovations, the retrofitting of multifamily buildings topic has been widely addressed, even though often in a disjointed manner. The study suggests that although historically there have been several recommended strategies, few are conceived as integral actions, only 15% of the intervention packages refer passive and active energy-related measures and renewable energy incorporation. Furthermore, considering the antiquity of the building stock and the advantage of addressing the topic through clusters, only 63% of the resources directly refer these actions to specific clusters among the six distinctive periods, although in most cases focusing their recommendations on buildings constructed before 1980 where the worst energy performance buildings are concentrated. Concerning public financial and funding instruments, the research illustrates that there has been a substantial increment of programs over the last years promoting energy-related measures, renewable energy and other complementary aspects such as accessibility and interior renovations, mainly for older clusters. Nevertheless, the funds constitute only 8% of the necessary declared investments, which along with the dispersion between the different procedures and the complexity of the processes, have significantly reduced the global impact of these actions without generating robust and oriented market dynamics. Despite the several resources found, both financial instruments and guidelines tend to describe in more detail strategies related to heating demand and consumption and not delve into other relevant actions for warmer climates, fact associated both to the dynamics coming from other countries, and to a vision of the past in which people do not consume refrigeration. This clear focus on heating loads rather than cooling could present limitations for warmer regions in the near climate-change future.
N. Soledad Ibañez Iralde; Jordi Pascual; Jaume Salom. Energy retrofit of residential building clusters. a literature review of crossover recommended measures, policies instruments and allocated funds in spain. Energy and Buildings 2021, 111409 .
AMA StyleN. Soledad Ibañez Iralde, Jordi Pascual, Jaume Salom. Energy retrofit of residential building clusters. a literature review of crossover recommended measures, policies instruments and allocated funds in spain. Energy and Buildings. 2021; ():111409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Soledad Ibañez Iralde; Jordi Pascual; Jaume Salom. 2021. "Energy retrofit of residential building clusters. a literature review of crossover recommended measures, policies instruments and allocated funds in spain." Energy and Buildings , no. : 111409.
There are international activities and on-going initiatives, particularly at the European level, to define what Positive Energy Districts should be, as the driving concept for the urban transition to a sustainable future. The first objective of the paper is to contribute to the on-going and lively debate about the definition of the notion of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhood (SPEN), which highlights the multiple dimensions when talking about sustainability in districts moving beyond the traditional and strict building energy assessment. Based on a holistic methodology which ensures the consideration of the multidimensional nature and goals of SPEN, the paper outlines an evaluation framework. The evaluation framework defines the key performance indicators distributed in five categories that consider energy and power performance, GHG emissions, indoor environmental quality, smartness, flexibility, life cycle costs and social sustainability. This framework is designed to be implemented during integrated design processes aiming to select design options for a neighbourhood as well within during the operational phase for monitoring its performance. Further work will include the implementation and validation of the framework in four real-life positive energy neighbourhoods in different climate zones of Europe as part of syn.ikia H2020 project.
Jaume Salom; Meril Tamm; Inger Andresen; Davide Cali; Ábel Magyari; Viktor Bukovszki; Rebeka Balázs; Paraskevi Dorizas; Zsolt Toth; Clara Mafé; Caroline Cheng; András Reith; Paolo Civiero; Jordi Pascual; Niki Gaitani. An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment. Energies 2021, 14, 4314 .
AMA StyleJaume Salom, Meril Tamm, Inger Andresen, Davide Cali, Ábel Magyari, Viktor Bukovszki, Rebeka Balázs, Paraskevi Dorizas, Zsolt Toth, Clara Mafé, Caroline Cheng, András Reith, Paolo Civiero, Jordi Pascual, Niki Gaitani. An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4314.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaume Salom; Meril Tamm; Inger Andresen; Davide Cali; Ábel Magyari; Viktor Bukovszki; Rebeka Balázs; Paraskevi Dorizas; Zsolt Toth; Clara Mafé; Caroline Cheng; András Reith; Paolo Civiero; Jordi Pascual; Niki Gaitani. 2021. "An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods: Moving Beyond the Traditional Building Energy Assessment." Energies 14, no. 14: 4314.
In this paper, we provide a view of the ongoing PEDRERA project, whose main scope is to design a district simulation model able to set and analyze a reliable prediction of potential business scenarios on large scale retrofitting actions, and to evaluate the overall co-benefits resulting from the renovation process of a cluster of buildings. According to this purpose and to a Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) approach, the model combines systemized data—at both building and district scale—from multiple sources and domains. A sensitive analysis of 200 scenarios provided a quick perception on how results will change once inputs are defined, and how attended results will answer to stakeholders’ requirements. In order to enable a clever input analysis and to appraise wide-ranging ranks of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) suited to each stakeholder and design phase targets, the model is currently under the implementation in the urbanZEB tool’s web platform.
Paolo Civiero; Jordi Pascual; Joaquim Arcas Abella; Ander Bilbao Figuero; Jaume Salom. PEDRERA. Positive Energy District Renovation Model for Large Scale Actions. Energies 2021, 14, 2833 .
AMA StylePaolo Civiero, Jordi Pascual, Joaquim Arcas Abella, Ander Bilbao Figuero, Jaume Salom. PEDRERA. Positive Energy District Renovation Model for Large Scale Actions. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2833.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo Civiero; Jordi Pascual; Joaquim Arcas Abella; Ander Bilbao Figuero; Jaume Salom. 2021. "PEDRERA. Positive Energy District Renovation Model for Large Scale Actions." Energies 14, no. 10: 2833.
District energy systems, especially those integrating renewables or low exergy sources, have multiple elements for generating heating and cooling. Some of these elements might be used for both purposes: heating and cooling, either simultaneously or alternatively. This makes it more complex to separate the assessment and have a clear picture on performance of cooling service on one side, and heating services on the other, in terms of energy, environmental, and economic results. However, a correct comparison between different district energy configurations or among district energy and conventional solutions requires split assessment of each service. The paper presents a methodology for calculating different district heating and cooling system key performance indicators (KPIs), distinguishing between heating and cooling ones. A total of eleven indicators are organized under four categories: energy, environment, economy and socio-economy. Each KPI is defined for heating service and for cooling service. According to this, the methodology proposes a demand-based and an investment-based share factors that facilitate the heating and cooling KPI calculation.
Aleksandar Ivančić; Joaquim Romaní; Jaume Salom; Maria-Victoria Cambronero. Performance Assessment of District Energy Systems with Common Elements for Heating and Cooling. Energies 2021, 14, 2334 .
AMA StyleAleksandar Ivančić, Joaquim Romaní, Jaume Salom, Maria-Victoria Cambronero. Performance Assessment of District Energy Systems with Common Elements for Heating and Cooling. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandar Ivančić; Joaquim Romaní; Jaume Salom; Maria-Victoria Cambronero. 2021. "Performance Assessment of District Energy Systems with Common Elements for Heating and Cooling." Energies 14, no. 8: 2334.
We introduce the Python-based open-source library Energym, a building model library to test and benchmark building controllers. The incorporated building models are presented with a brief explanation of their function, location and technical equipment. Furthermore, the library structure is described, highlighting the necessary features to provide the benchmarking and control capabilities, i.e., standardized evaluation scenarios, key performance indicators (KPIs) and forecasts of uncertain variables. We go on to characterize the evaluation scenarios for each of the models and give formal definitions of the KPIs. We describe the calibration methodologies used for constructing the models and illustrate their usage through examples.
Paul Scharnhorst; Baptiste Schubnel; Carlos Fernández Bandera; Jaume Salom; Paolo Taddeo; Max Boegli; Tomasz Gorecki; Yves Stauffer; Antonis Peppas; Chrysa Politi. Energym: A Building Model Library for Controller Benchmarking. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3518 .
AMA StylePaul Scharnhorst, Baptiste Schubnel, Carlos Fernández Bandera, Jaume Salom, Paolo Taddeo, Max Boegli, Tomasz Gorecki, Yves Stauffer, Antonis Peppas, Chrysa Politi. Energym: A Building Model Library for Controller Benchmarking. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3518.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Scharnhorst; Baptiste Schubnel; Carlos Fernández Bandera; Jaume Salom; Paolo Taddeo; Max Boegli; Tomasz Gorecki; Yves Stauffer; Antonis Peppas; Chrysa Politi. 2021. "Energym: A Building Model Library for Controller Benchmarking." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3518.
Heat pumps are increasingly being installed in domestic buildings, which is an opportunity to reduce the energy needed to heat and cool buildings. However, this reduction will only be possible if the equipment is maintained correctly. Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) systems can improve the cost of operating and maintaining heating and air conditioning systems, specifically heat pump, while keeping their performance. This article first briefly introduces the methodologies used in FDD systems for heat pumps and compare their performance. Then, an accurate description of the common faults and their effects on field vapor compression systems is made. After that, a compilation of which faults and how are emulated in both laboratory conditions and virtual environments are extensively described. The measurements needed to perform the diagnosis are analyzed along with instrumentation needed for FDD systems. Finally, the virtual sensors applied to heat pumps to reduce the cost associated with FDD implementation are described. This article aims to establish a criterion for selecting which faults can be tested under laboratory conditions or by simulation with a virtual model and to determine the features that identify those faults. Finally, several areas of improvement for the aspects reviewed have been identified: increase the use of performance indicators for FDD, new and updated studies about the health status of field heat pumps, testing methods that take into account the gradual and probabilistic nature of heat pump faults and further research in the use of virtual sensors in FDD systems.
I. Bellanco; E. Fuentes; M. Vallès; J. Salom. A review of the fault behavior of heat pumps and measurements, detection and diagnosis methods including virtual sensors. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 39, 102254 .
AMA StyleI. Bellanco, E. Fuentes, M. Vallès, J. Salom. A review of the fault behavior of heat pumps and measurements, detection and diagnosis methods including virtual sensors. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 39 ():102254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Bellanco; E. Fuentes; M. Vallès; J. Salom. 2021. "A review of the fault behavior of heat pumps and measurements, detection and diagnosis methods including virtual sensors." Journal of Building Engineering 39, no. : 102254.
The electricity sector foresees a significant change in the way energy is generated and distributed in the coming years. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, smart algorithms can determine the difference about how and when energy is produced or consumed by residential districts. However, managing and implementing energy demand response, in particular energy flexibility activations, in real case studies still presents issues to be solved. This study, within the framework of the European project “SABINA H2020”, addresses the development of a multi-level optimization algorithm that has been tested in a semi-virtual real-time configuration. Results from a two-day test show the potential of building’s flexibility and highlight its complexity. Results show how the first level algorithm goal to reduce the energy injected to the grid is accomplished as well as the energy consumption shift from nighttime to daytime hours. As conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of such kind of configurations and puts the basis for real test site implementation.
Paolo Taddeo; Alba Colet; Rafael E. Carrillo; Lluc Casals Canals; Baptiste Schubnel; Yves Stauffer; Ivan Bellanco; Cristina Corchero Garcia; Jaume Salom. Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study. Energies 2020, 13, 1188 .
AMA StylePaolo Taddeo, Alba Colet, Rafael E. Carrillo, Lluc Casals Canals, Baptiste Schubnel, Yves Stauffer, Ivan Bellanco, Cristina Corchero Garcia, Jaume Salom. Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1188.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo Taddeo; Alba Colet; Rafael E. Carrillo; Lluc Casals Canals; Baptiste Schubnel; Yves Stauffer; Ivan Bellanco; Cristina Corchero Garcia; Jaume Salom. 2020. "Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study." Energies 13, no. 5: 1188.
The self-consumption without surplus to the grid is one of the aspects of the new Spanish law for prosumers. Increasing the share of renewable energy sources into the grid inherently leads to several constraints. The mismatch between the energy demand and the renewable energy production, which is intermittent in nature, is one of those challenges. Storage offers the possibility to decouple demand and supply, and therefore, it adds flexibility to the electric system. This research evaluates expanding electricity self-consumption without surplus to the grid by harnessing thermal mass storage in the residential sector. The methodology is investigated by using a variable refrigerant flow air conditioner system. Because there is no option to export the excess capacity to the grid, this research proposes an approach to profiting from this surplus energy by activating structural thermal mass, which is quantified from the information acquired using a building energy model. For this purpose, an EnergyPlus model of a flat in Pamplona (Spain) was used. The optimization analysis was based on a set-point modulation control strategy. Results show that under adequate climatological circumstances, the proposed methodology can reduce the total electric energy from the grid between by 60– 80 % .
Carlos Fernández Bandera; Jose Pachano; Jaume Salom; Antonis Peppas; Germán Ramos Ruiz. Photovoltaic Plant Optimization to Leverage Electric Self Consumption by Harnessing Building Thermal Mass. Sustainability 2020, 12, 553 .
AMA StyleCarlos Fernández Bandera, Jose Pachano, Jaume Salom, Antonis Peppas, Germán Ramos Ruiz. Photovoltaic Plant Optimization to Leverage Electric Self Consumption by Harnessing Building Thermal Mass. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):553.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Fernández Bandera; Jose Pachano; Jaume Salom; Antonis Peppas; Germán Ramos Ruiz. 2020. "Photovoltaic Plant Optimization to Leverage Electric Self Consumption by Harnessing Building Thermal Mass." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 553.
More than 50% of the existing housing stock in Spain is over 50 years old and was built according to the construction standards of its time, and nowadays shows poor energy performance compared to the current standards, meaning higher energy consumption due to the lack of energy retrofitting interventions (no insulation materials, low window performance, high infiltration and thermal bridges). The link between homes and health has been well established by the scientific community and research results illustrate how the condition of existing buildings is one of the most decisive influences on population's health. However, the role of energy retrofitting in improving health of occupants has still to be thoroughly and comprehensively documented. Normally, benefits of energy retrofitting are calculated only in terms of energy savings and associated economic savings. Long pay-back periods and high investment make energy retrofitting not attractive enough to many homeowners. Highlighting the health benefits may help to improve the rate at which the housing stock undergoes energy retrofitting. The aim of this research is to estimate the effect that energy efficiency improvements made to vulnerable housing has on the health of the occupants and to assess the potential economic savings for the Spanish healthcare system.
J. Ortiz; Nuria Casquero Modrego; J. Salom. Health and related economic effects of residential energy retrofitting in Spain. Energy Policy 2019, 130, 375 -388.
AMA StyleJ. Ortiz, Nuria Casquero Modrego, J. Salom. Health and related economic effects of residential energy retrofitting in Spain. Energy Policy. 2019; 130 ():375-388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Ortiz; Nuria Casquero Modrego; J. Salom. 2019. "Health and related economic effects of residential energy retrofitting in Spain." Energy Policy 130, no. : 375-388.
Thermal mass of buildings as well as domestic hot water tanks represent interesting sources of thermal energy storage readily available in the existing building stock. To exploit them to their full potential, advanced control strategies and a coupling to the power grid with heat pump systems represent the most promising combination. In this work, model predictive control (MPC) strategies are developed and tested in a semi-virtual environment laboratory setup: a real heat pump is operated from within a controlled climate chamber, and coupled with the loads of a virtual building, i.e. a detailed dynamic building simulation tool. Different MPC strategies are tested in this laboratory setup, with the goals to minimize either the delivered thermal energy to the building, the operational costs of the heat pump, or the CO2 emissions related to the heat pump use. The results highlight the ability of the MPC controller to perform load-shifting by charging the thermal energy storages at favorable times, and the satisfactory performance of the control strategies is analyzed in terms of different indicators such as costs, comfort, carbon footprint, energy flexibility. The practical challenges encountered during the implementation with a real heat pump are also discussed and provide additional valuable insights.
Thibault Pean; Ramon Costa-Castello; Elena Fuentes; Jaume Salom. Experimental Testing of Variable Speed Heat Pump Control Strategies for Enhancing Energy Flexibility in Buildings. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 37071 -37087.
AMA StyleThibault Pean, Ramon Costa-Castello, Elena Fuentes, Jaume Salom. Experimental Testing of Variable Speed Heat Pump Control Strategies for Enhancing Energy Flexibility in Buildings. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):37071-37087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThibault Pean; Ramon Costa-Castello; Elena Fuentes; Jaume Salom. 2019. "Experimental Testing of Variable Speed Heat Pump Control Strategies for Enhancing Energy Flexibility in Buildings." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 37071-37087.
A model predictive control (MPC) framework is developed in the present study, with the final objective to improve the energy flexibility of building thermal loads through demand-side management. Three different configurations are tested and tuned, with the following objective functions: minimizing the delivered energy to the building, the electrical energy used by the HVAC system (heat pump) or the cost of this electricity use. To validate these MPC configurations, a Matlab-Trnsys co-simulator is also created, in order to run the MPC on a virtual plant composed of a detailed building model. The MPC strategy manages to run effectively on the chosen study case (a residential building with heat pump in Spain), and the differences between configurations are discussed.
Thibault Quentin Pean; Jaume Salom; Ramon Costa-Castello. Configurations of model predictive control to exploit energy flexibility in building thermal loads. 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) 2018, 3177 -3182.
AMA StyleThibault Quentin Pean, Jaume Salom, Ramon Costa-Castello. Configurations of model predictive control to exploit energy flexibility in building thermal loads. 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). 2018; ():3177-3182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThibault Quentin Pean; Jaume Salom; Ramon Costa-Castello. 2018. "Configurations of model predictive control to exploit energy flexibility in building thermal loads." 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , no. : 3177-3182.
The development of Urban-Scale Energy Modelling (USEM) at the district or city level is currently the goal of many research groups due to the increased interest in evaluating the impact of energy efficiency measures in city environments. Because USEM comprises a great variety of analysis areas, the simulation programs that are able to model urban-scale energy systems actually consist of an assemblage of different particular sub-models. In order to simulate each of the sub-models in USEM, one can choose to use either existing specific simulation engines or tailor-made models. Engines or tools for simulation of urban-scale energy systems have already been overviewed in previous existing literature, however the distinction and classification of tools according to their functionalities within each analysis area in USEM has not been clearly presented. Therefore, the present work aims at reviewing the existing tools while classifying them according to their capabilities. The ultimate goal of this classification is to expose the available resources for implementing new co-simulation approaches in USEM, which may reduce the modelling effort and increase reliability as a result of using established and validated simulation engines.
Alaia Sola; Cristina Corchero; Jaume Salom; Manel Sanmarti. Simulation Tools to Build Urban-Scale Energy Models: A Review. Energies 2018, 11, 3269 .
AMA StyleAlaia Sola, Cristina Corchero, Jaume Salom, Manel Sanmarti. Simulation Tools to Build Urban-Scale Energy Models: A Review. Energies. 2018; 11 (12):3269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlaia Sola; Cristina Corchero; Jaume Salom; Manel Sanmarti. 2018. "Simulation Tools to Build Urban-Scale Energy Models: A Review." Energies 11, no. 12: 3269.
The present work constitutes a review of the existing literature on supervisory control for improving the energy flexibility provided by heat pumps in buildings. A distinction was drawn between rule-based controls (RBC) and model predictive controls (MPC), given the clear differences in their concept and complexity. For both kinds, the different objectives claimed by these strategies have been reviewed, as well as the control inputs, disturbances and constraints. Notably in MPC, the monetary objective (reduction of the energy costs) has been the most utilized in the literature, therefore the authors advocate for the further study of other objectives related to energy flexibility. Further than the control strategies themselves, the different thermal storage options (necessary to activate the flexibility) have also been reviewed, the built-in thermal mass seeming more cost-effective than water buffer tanks in this regard. Based on these conclusions, recommendations for further research topics are drawn.
Thibault Q. Péan; Jaume Salom; Ramon Costa-Castelló. Review of control strategies for improving the energy flexibility provided by heat pump systems in buildings. Journal of Process Control 2018, 74, 35 -49.
AMA StyleThibault Q. Péan, Jaume Salom, Ramon Costa-Castelló. Review of control strategies for improving the energy flexibility provided by heat pump systems in buildings. Journal of Process Control. 2018; 74 ():35-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThibault Q. Péan; Jaume Salom; Ramon Costa-Castelló. 2018. "Review of control strategies for improving the energy flexibility provided by heat pump systems in buildings." Journal of Process Control 74, no. : 35-49.
Eduard Oró; Ricard Allepuz; Ingrid Martorell; Jaume Salom. Design and economic analysis of liquid cooled data centres for waste heat recovery: A case study for an indoor swimming pool. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 36, 185 -203.
AMA StyleEduard Oró, Ricard Allepuz, Ingrid Martorell, Jaume Salom. Design and economic analysis of liquid cooled data centres for waste heat recovery: A case study for an indoor swimming pool. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 36 ():185-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduard Oró; Ricard Allepuz; Ingrid Martorell; Jaume Salom. 2018. "Design and economic analysis of liquid cooled data centres for waste heat recovery: A case study for an indoor swimming pool." Sustainable Cities and Society 36, no. : 185-203.
Elena Fuentes; L. Arce; Jaume Salom. A review of domestic hot water consumption profiles for application in systems and buildings energy performance analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 81, 1530 -1547.
AMA StyleElena Fuentes, L. Arce, Jaume Salom. A review of domestic hot water consumption profiles for application in systems and buildings energy performance analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 81 ():1530-1547.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Fuentes; L. Arce; Jaume Salom. 2018. "A review of domestic hot water consumption profiles for application in systems and buildings energy performance analysis." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, no. : 1530-1547.
Thibault Q. Péan; Jaume Salom; Joana Ortiz. Potential and optimization of a price-based control strategy for improving energy flexibility in Mediterranean buildings. Energy Procedia 2017, 122, 463 -468.
AMA StyleThibault Q. Péan, Jaume Salom, Joana Ortiz. Potential and optimization of a price-based control strategy for improving energy flexibility in Mediterranean buildings. Energy Procedia. 2017; 122 ():463-468.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThibault Q. Péan; Jaume Salom; Joana Ortiz. 2017. "Potential and optimization of a price-based control strategy for improving energy flexibility in Mediterranean buildings." Energy Procedia 122, no. : 463-468.
This article proposes a methodology to assess building behaviour, whilst taking its life cycle into account. Understanding of the system can be obtained by combining well-known energy consumption calculation engines (TRNSYS) with co-simulation processes defined using Specification and Description Language (SDL). In this instance, to find the best comfort, energy and cost scenarios for energy rehabilitation, Co-simulation is conducted in two phases: the best scenes of passive systems are found, those presented as a priority; and, the active systems are made with ‘brute force analysis’. The article provides the results for a case study: a single-family home built between 1991 and 2007 and located in Mediterranean climate zone. The methodology provides a set of passive energy efficiency measures, to improve until two scales in the building energy labelling system. Using the methodology and the proposed model has enabled us to dramatically reduce the run time until 75% and therefore.
Antoni Fonseca I Casas; Joana Ortiz; Núria Garrido; Pau Fonseca; Jaume Salom. Simulation model to find the best comfort, energy and cost scenarios for building refurbishment. Journal of Building Performance Simulation 2017, 11, 205 -222.
AMA StyleAntoni Fonseca I Casas, Joana Ortiz, Núria Garrido, Pau Fonseca, Jaume Salom. Simulation model to find the best comfort, energy and cost scenarios for building refurbishment. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. 2017; 11 (2):205-222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntoni Fonseca I Casas; Joana Ortiz; Núria Garrido; Pau Fonseca; Jaume Salom. 2017. "Simulation model to find the best comfort, energy and cost scenarios for building refurbishment." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 11, no. 2: 205-222.
In this study, simulation work has been carried out to investigate the impact of a demand-side management control strategy in a residential nZEB. A refurbished apartment within a multi-family dwelling representative of Mediterranean building habits was chosen as a study case and modelled within a simulation framework. A flexibility strategy based on set-point modulation depending on the energy price was applied to the building. The impact of the control strategy on thermal comfort was studied in detail with several methods retrieved from the standards or other literature, differentiating the effects on day and night living zones. It revealed a slight decrease of comfort when implementing flexibility, although this was not prejudicial. In addition, the applied strategy caused a simultaneous increase of the electricity used for heating by up to 7% and a reduction of the corresponding energy costs by up to around 20%. The proposed control thereby constitutes a promising solution for shifting heating loads towards periods of lower prices and is able to provide benefits for both the user and the grid sides. Beyond that, the activation of energy flexibility in buildings (nZEB in the present case) will participate in a more successful integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy mix.
Thibault Quentin Pean; Joana Ortiz; Jaume Salom. Impact of Demand-Side Management on Thermal Comfort and Energy Costs in a Residential nZEB. Buildings 2017, 7, 37 .
AMA StyleThibault Quentin Pean, Joana Ortiz, Jaume Salom. Impact of Demand-Side Management on Thermal Comfort and Energy Costs in a Residential nZEB. Buildings. 2017; 7 (4):37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThibault Quentin Pean; Joana Ortiz; Jaume Salom. 2017. "Impact of Demand-Side Management on Thermal Comfort and Energy Costs in a Residential nZEB." Buildings 7, no. 4: 37.
Eduard Oró; Marta Codina; Jaume Salom. Energy model optimization for thermal energy storage system integration in data centres. Journal of Energy Storage 2016, 8, 129 -141.
AMA StyleEduard Oró, Marta Codina, Jaume Salom. Energy model optimization for thermal energy storage system integration in data centres. Journal of Energy Storage. 2016; 8 ():129-141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduard Oró; Marta Codina; Jaume Salom. 2016. "Energy model optimization for thermal energy storage system integration in data centres." Journal of Energy Storage 8, no. : 129-141.
This paper presents a study on the characterization of the performance of a water-to-water heat pump of 40.5 kW fixed heating capacity under different cycling conditions scenarios. Semi-virtual laboratory experiments were conducted to analyse the influence of inertia from 1.23 to 24.7 L/kW on the efficiency of the heat pump operating at partial load. Different parameterizations in standards were compared to assess their ability to predict the energy efficiency degradation caused by cycling. Performance deterioration at part load was found to be highly dependent on inertia conditions, with non-negligible start-up parasitic effects detected for the heat pump under study, particularly for decreasing inertia. Results suggest that current standards for characterising the performance of systems at partial load, such as the European EN14825, should be reviewed to account for the influence of inertia on equipment performance and for the potential occurrence of start-up efficiency losses for water-to-water heat pumps. An expression is derived in this study for the start-up losses degradation coefficient CdCd and a single parameterization accounting for different sources of efficiency losses is proposed, together with a simple method to determine degradation coefficients from reduced experimentation.
E. Fuentes; D.A. Waddicor; J. Salom. Improvements in the characterization of the efficiency degradation of water-to-water heat pumps under cyclic conditions. Applied Energy 2016, 179, 778 -789.
AMA StyleE. Fuentes, D.A. Waddicor, J. Salom. Improvements in the characterization of the efficiency degradation of water-to-water heat pumps under cyclic conditions. Applied Energy. 2016; 179 ():778-789.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Fuentes; D.A. Waddicor; J. Salom. 2016. "Improvements in the characterization of the efficiency degradation of water-to-water heat pumps under cyclic conditions." Applied Energy 179, no. : 778-789.