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Rosa María Anaya Aguilar
Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Malaga, Campus El Ejido, 29071 Malaga, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The authors’ line of research is within the existing methodological debate around the concepts of quality of services, destinations, and quality measurements methods. The authors consider that the most appropriate way to measure quality is to develop instruments according to the destination and context in question, defining the quality of the tourist destination for practical purposes based on the satisfaction experienced by the tourist or the SERVPERF model, weighted and used to measure the quality of sun and beach tourist destinations. The authors of this work propose the knowledge of spa tourism, its quality and its level of satisfaction as a research gap and consider it as a starting point to validate a questionnaire that would allow the measurement and comparison of parameters with other segments already studied and that can also serve as a measuring instrument for tourist segments with similar characteristics, not as well known in the international literature as inland, ecological or nature tourism. Good internal reliability results were obtained in all items and in all dimensions. The factor analysis distributed the weights of the variables in the theoretical model, and construct validity was obtained with an association between the global evaluation by dimension and the general significance. The score of the main questionnaire was statistically significant.

ACS Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Validation of a Satisfaction Questionnaire on Spa Tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4507 .

AMA Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar, German Gemar, Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Validation of a Satisfaction Questionnaire on Spa Tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. 2021. "Validation of a Satisfaction Questionnaire on Spa Tourism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4507.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Sustainability
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This study sought to obtain conglomerates of spa-goers in Andalusia, Spain, based on a survey of 10 spas’ users. The data from 725 valid survey questionnaires were analysed using a quantitative approach. The results show that 44.6% of users are between 65 and 88 years old and more than 60% are women. Approximately 50% of the respondents are retired, and 60% report a monthly income of less than 1000 euros. Three clusters were identified in the segmentation analysis: users with lower, partial and higher satisfaction. Over half (58%) of the respondents belong to the higher satisfaction segment. Thermal tourism evidently has a strong potential for attracting other tourist segments. Andalusia has thermal springs that attract many tourists, which are located in places of great natural beauty and are part of inland towns’ economic development. The findings confirm the need to improve the existing understanding of spa-user typologies. The benefits derived from health tourism can be analyzed from the concept of value proposition for the company, the user, the community and its environment. To generate income, spa companies must meet the expectations of stakeholders and this begins with an organization that constantly learns and innovates to satisfy users. The managers of the spas lead these projects, introducing important changes in their offer, from traditional medical aspects to facilities and therapies based on relaxation and sustainable natural tourism, promoting their organizations with sustained objectives over time capable of satisfying all stakeholders, creating value capable of attracting and satisfying the different segments of spa tourists, as this study shows.

ACS Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. A Typology of Spa-Goers in Southern Spain. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3724 .

AMA Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar, German Gemar, Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. A Typology of Spa-Goers in Southern Spain. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. 2021. "A Typology of Spa-Goers in Southern Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3724.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Health tourism is booming all over the world, and thermal spa tourism in Spain is a type of tourism aimed at integrating with nature, achieving sustainable development. In general, its facilities are located in areas specially protected by environmental legislation. This tourism sector attracts an increasingly wide market segment that has become more demanding and better informed and that more frequently uses the Internet to gather information. Tourists’ shopping and consumption habits are increasingly influenced by new information and communication technologies (ICTs), making these a topic of interest among academics and professionals. Website development has been shown to be an area of innovation for spa facilities, but evidence has also been found that this sector has experienced difficulty in adopting ICTs. This research sought to analyse spa websites’ usability by conducting an exploratory investigation of different websites’ contents. The results reveal that the use of new web technologies by spas is underdeveloped, although these facilities have achieved good positions in Internet search engines due to the synergistic effect of the official tourism websites. That is why most of them tell their story, detail their nature and the protection of their spaces. In this way, spas turn their websites into communication channels that convey to tourists their commitment to the environment and sustainable development.

ACS Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Usability Analysis of Andalusian Spas’ Websites. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2307 .

AMA Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar, German Gemar, Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Usability Analysis of Andalusian Spas’ Websites. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. 2021. "Usability Analysis of Andalusian Spas’ Websites." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2307.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Water is the common thread and attraction factor of the tourism facilities called “spas”, which are part of health and beauty services. Spa use is currently experiencing a boom that reflects changes in populations, such as an increase in economic wellbeing and a desire to reunite with nature. This research’s objectives were to understand spa tourism’s structural and operational dimensions and to assess this sector’s current situation by using the Delphi method with a panel of 22 experts. The results show that these experts believe that, in Andalusia, spas energize the area as a tourism destination through their natural resources and conservation of key elements. However, spa development policies are scarce, including a lack of autonomous community laws regarding these facilities.

ACS Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Challenges of Spa Tourism in Andalusia: Experts’ Proposed Solutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1829 .

AMA Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar, German Gemar, Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Challenges of Spa Tourism in Andalusia: Experts’ Proposed Solutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1829.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. 2021. "Challenges of Spa Tourism in Andalusia: Experts’ Proposed Solutions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1829.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2021 in Mathematics
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Most spas are surrounded by beautiful natural environments, so these facilities contribute to sustainable economic development and their guests are national and local tourists with a high average stay. This study has the objective of analyzing the factors associated with the level of satisfaction and the profile of spa tourists in Andalusia, southern Spain. The methodology used was a quantitative study based on a stratified cross-sectional survey. Each stratum was a spa, with a population of 53,231 users per year, whose final sample included 725 users. The results found were that the profile of Andalusian spa tourists is predominantly female, over 56 years old, and retired with average incomes below one thousand euros. The level of satisfaction of its users is above the average in the factors of accommodation, restaurants, spa, and public roads and natural environment and most of these clients would recommend it to others [92.4%] and express the intention to return [63.6%] which indicates that Andalusian spas show a very high level of customer loyalty. The study has the limitation of being cross-sectional quantitative research carried out in Andalusia that could be complemented in future research with a qualitative study with experts. The research presents contributions for companies since they could develop strategies to attract users with younger profiles with activities, prices, or spaces that are more appropriate to their needs and seek the conditions to increase the satisfaction of these segments. The study is original since this research is a quantitative study that shows the real profile of the Andalusian spa tourist and their high level of satisfaction with the spa and their loyalty. The surveys were conducted at each spa by a face-to-face researcher with a response rate of 98%.

ACS Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Factors Associated with Spa Tourists’ Satisfaction. Mathematics 2021, 9, 332 .

AMA Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar, German Gemar, Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. Factors Associated with Spa Tourists’ Satisfaction. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (4):332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Anaya-Aguilar; German Gemar; Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. 2021. "Factors Associated with Spa Tourists’ Satisfaction." Mathematics 9, no. 4: 332.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Risk assessment is essential to making informed decisions on occupational risk prevention. The health and safety conditions of workers can be improved by issuing voluntary certifications, such as ISO 45001. This is particularly important in sectors such as wineries. In 2017 these numbered 4093, representing 14% of the food and drink industry in Spain, of which 290 were in Andalusia. The incidence rate for 2017 in the industrial sector in Spain was 5.264 work accidents with sick leave for every 100,000 affiliated workers, making this the sector with the second highest number of work accidents after that of construction. The study aims to assess the risks in wineries in Andalucía, southern Spain, by analysing the opinions of a group of experts with experience in the sector. The Delphi method was used for this study and was carried out in conjunction with a panel of 11 experts. The results indicated that the most significant workplace risks were those occurring in the production facility, workshop or factory; in terms of occupation, those exposed to the greatest risk were machine operators; regarding the type of work, production, processing and storage posed the highest levels of risk; operating machinery was the physical activity with the highest risk; in the area of causes of accidents, the highest risk was of slipping, tripping and falling; and, finally, with regard to how an accident could occur, the highest level of risk was considered to be contact with electric current.

ACS Style

Rosa María Anaya Aguilar; Manuel Suárez-Cebador; Juan Carlos Rubio-Romero; Fuensanta Galindo-Reyes. Delphi assessment of occupational hazards in the wineries of Andalusia, in southern Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 196, 297 -303.

AMA Style

Rosa María Anaya Aguilar, Manuel Suárez-Cebador, Juan Carlos Rubio-Romero, Fuensanta Galindo-Reyes. Delphi assessment of occupational hazards in the wineries of Andalusia, in southern Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 196 ():297-303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa María Anaya Aguilar; Manuel Suárez-Cebador; Juan Carlos Rubio-Romero; Fuensanta Galindo-Reyes. 2018. "Delphi assessment of occupational hazards in the wineries of Andalusia, in southern Spain." Journal of Cleaner Production 196, no. : 297-303.