This article investigates stochastic differential games involving multiple attackers, defenders, and a single target, with their interactions defined by a distributed topology. By leveraging principles of topological graph theory, a distributed design strategy is developed that operates without requiring global information, thereby minimizing system coupling. Additionally, this study extends the analysis to incorporate stochastic elements into the target–attackers–defenders games, moving beyond the scope of deterministic differential games. Using the direct method of completing the square and the Radon–Nikodym derivative, we derive optimal distributed control strategies for two scenarios: one where the target follows a predefined trajectory and another where it has free maneuverability. In both scenarios, our research demonstrates the effectiveness of the designed control strategies in driving the system toward a Nash equilibrium. Notably, our algorithm eliminates the need to solve the coupled Hamilton–Jacobi equation, significantly reducing computational complexity. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies, numerical simulations are presented in this article.

This paper proposes a safety-critical control strategy for the attitude tracking issue of a rigid spacecraft subject to orientation and angular velocity constraints. To compensate for the unknown inertial matrix parameters, an online identification algorithm with a data-based selection criteria is first designed which shows that the estimate error is exponentially convergence if a finite excitation (FE) condition is satisfied. Then, by introducing the identified parameters, an adaptive hybrid attitude tracking control torque is developed, where a binary logic switch framework is employed to avoid the unwinding phenomenon. For the sake of safety-critical tracking subject to state constraints, a control barrier function (CBF) quadratic programming optimization is developed, where the nonconvex orientation constraints are losslessly replaced by convex quadratic ones. The uniform asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proved and the preassigned safety sets are forward invariant with the largest safe region. Simulation results validate and access the proposed control strategy.

Combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers is a crucial direction in remote sensing image semantic segmentation. However, due to differences in the spatial information focus and feature extraction methods, existing feature transfer and fusion strategies do not effectively integrate the advantages of both approaches. To address these issues, we propose a CNN-transformer hybrid network for precise remote sensing image semantic segmentation. We propose a novel Swin Transformer block to optimize feature extraction and enable the model to handle remote sensing images of arbitrary sizes. Additionally, we design an Edge Spatial Attention module to focus attention on local edge structures, effectively integrating global features and local details. This facilitates efficient information flow between the Transformer encoder and CNN decoder. Finally, a multi-scale convolutional decoder is employed to fully leverage both global information from the Transformer and local features from the CNN, leading to accurate segmentation results. Our network achieved state-of-the-art performance on the Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets, reaching mIoU and F1 scores of 67.37% and 79.82%, as well as 72.39% and 83.68%, respectively. Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/TarsDolores/LZ

In the field of remote sensing image segmentation, achieving high accuracy and efficiency in diverse and complex environments remains a challenge. Additionally, there is a notable imbalance between the underlying features and the high-level semantic information embedded within remote sensing images, and both global and local recognition improvements are also limited by the multi-scale remote sensing scenery and imbalanced class distribution. These challenges are further compounded by inaccurate local localization segmentation and the oversight of small-scale features. To achieve balance between visual space and semantic space, to increase both global and local recognition accuracy, and to enhance the flexibility of input scale features while supplementing global contextual information, in this paper, we propose a U-shaped hierarchical structure called ResU-Former. The incorporation of the Swin Residual Transformer block allows for the efficient segmentation of objects of varying sizes against complex backgrounds, a common scenario in remote sensing datasets. With the specially designed Swin Residual Transformer block as its fundamental unit, ResU-Former accomplishes the full utilization and evolution of information, and the maximum optimization of semantic segmentation in complex remote sensing scenarios. The standard experimental results on benchmark datasets such as Vaihingen, Overall Accuracy of 81.5%, etc., show the ResU-Former’s potential to improve segmentation tasks across various remote sensing applications.

At present, the one-stage detector based on the lightweight model can achieve real-time speed, but the detection performance is challenging. To enhance the discriminability and robustness of the model extraction features and improve the detector’s detection performance for small objects, we propose two modules in this work. First, we propose a receptive field enhancement method, referred to as adaptive receptive field fusion (ARFF). It enhances the model’s feature representation ability by adaptively learning the fusion weights of different receptive field branches in the receptive field module. Then, we propose an enhanced up-sampling (EU) module to reduce the information loss caused by up-sampling on the feature map. Finally, we assemble ARFF and EU modules on top of YOLO v3 to build a real-time, high-precision and lightweight object detection system referred to as the ARFF-EU network. We achieve a state-of-the-art speed and accuracy trade-off on both the Pascal VOC and MS COCO data sets, reporting 83.6% AP at 37.5 FPS and 42.5% AP at 33.7 FPS, respectively. The experimental results show that our proposed ARFF and EU modules improve the detection performance of the ARFF-EU network and achieve the development of advanced, very deep detectors while maintaining real-time speed.