Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs) are widely used in fields including aeronautics and by companies such as SpaceX to hold high pressure fluids. They are favored for these applications because they are far lighter than all-metal vessels, although they demand special design, manufacturing, and testing requirements. In this study, finite element modeling was used to conducted stress and damage assessments on a composite overwrapped pressure vessel that has a 4 mm thick aluminum core cylinder. To develop the optimum COPV, the lamina sequences, thickness, and fiber winding angle were considered. The relationship between these variables and the composite-overwrapped structure’s maximum burst pressure bearing capacity was assessed. The ABAQUS composite modeler was used to design and generate 14 models of COPVs from carbon fiber/epoxy plies with a consistent thickness of 6.5 mm and various fiber angle orientations. The effects of the ply stacking order were analyzed by the finite element analysis approach for all designed models, which had 13 layers of uniform thickness but a varying fiber orientation. A ply stacking sequence of [55°, −55°] PP winding pattern had an optimum COPV design profile, with a burst pressure bearing capacity of 24 MPa. The stress–strain distribution along the geometry of the COPV was also obtained using the finite element method, and it was found that the distribution is uniform over the surface of the COPV and that its peak values are found towards the polar boss section of the COPV. Extreme stress gradients were noticed when the boss nears its geometrical transition to the dome phase. This factor is evident from the change in the ply thickness caused by the overlapped fiber orientation. The results obtained from this study are useful for the design and application of composite overwrapped pressure vessels.

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is reshaping construction by enabling automated fabrication, reducing material waste, and supporting more sustainable building solutions. This study presents a bibliometric and thematic analysis of global 3DCP research from 2015 to April 2025 using data from the ScienceDirect and Dimensions databases. VOSviewer was employed to map research trends, country collaborations, and thematic clusters. The review identifies four main focus areas: (I) advancements in 3DCP technologies, including process control and design optimization; (II) innovations in material mix design to enhance printability and mechanical performance; (III) evaluation of the mechanical and structural behavior of printed elements; and (IV) sustainability strategies through waste reduction and the use of recycled or alternative materials. The findings show rapid growth and increasing interdisciplinarity in 3DCP research, while highlighting persistent challenges related to interlayer bonding, reinforcement, durability, digital workflow integration (including BIM), and large-scale implementation. The study outlines priority directions for future work to support resilient, cost-effective, and sustainable 3DCP applications in real-world construction.

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is nowadays one of the advanced manufacturing technologies used to convert three dimensional product data to physical objects without any special tooling. The emergence of the technology has made production of complex geometries having consumer demands for more customized products and services. Though the underlying technology was initially intended for rapid prototyping, the technology has recently getting wider attention in diverse industrial sectors using different material types commonly polymers, metals, ceramics, and other compatible researched materials as input. Because the technology processes the input materials with no or very low wastes, the use of polymer composite materials leads to a no waste manufacturing system. This article aims to review and analyse the opportunity and existing challenges for AM technology in processing polymer composites and provide an insight on the state-of -the art applications. The paper provides an overview of the materials and processes currently available for this novel production technology to fill the industrial needs for engineering application. In addition, closely reviewing published research works in the area, the existing research gaps are identified for possible future research in the field.

Spider silk is an astonishingly tough biomaterial that consists almost entirely of large proteins. Studying the secrets behind the high strength nature of spider webs is very challenging due to their miniature size. In spite of their complex nature, researchers have always been inspired to mimic Nature for developing new products or enhancing the performance of existing technologies. Accordingly, the spider web can be taken as a model for optimal fiber orientation for composite materials to be used in critical structural applications. In this study an attempt is made to analyze the geometrical characteristics of the web construction building units such as spirals and radials. As a measurement tool, we have used a developed MATLAB algorithm code for measuring the node to node of rings and radials angle of orientation. Spider web image samples were collected randomly from an ecological niche with black background sample collection tools. The study shows that the radial angle of orientation is 12.7 degrees with 5 mm distance for the spirals’ mesh size. The extracted geometrical numeric values from the spider web show moderately skewed statistical data. The study sheds light on spider web utilization to develop an optimized fiber orientation reinforced composite structure for constructing, for instance, shell structures, pressure vessels and fuselage cones for the aviation industry.

The present study is focused on investigating the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites. The reinforcement materials are animal bone (ox) particulate and E-glass fiber. The matrix material is epoxy resin. The following combinations are considered for investigation: (a) bone particulate weight percent (20%, 30%, and 40%), (b) E-glass fiber weight percent (20%, 30%, and 40%), and (c) bone particulate (10%, 20%, and 30%) and E-glass fiber (30%, 20%, and 10%) with epoxy resin 60% by weight percent. The test specimens are prepared as per the required ASTM standard for tensile, compressive, and flexural tests. The test results show that maximum tensile and compressive strength observed in 40% of E-glass fiber with 60% of epoxy matrix, correspondingly, is 254.964 MPa and 37.52 MPa. The maximum flexural strength observed in E-glass fiber reinforced composites is 250.43 MPa.