We present an evaluation of the hardness and Young’s modulus properties of medium pressure sputtered molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) thin films by applying nano-indentation with continuous stiffness method combined with microstructure analysis using small angle x-ray diffraction, Raman, and an electron microscope in scanning and transmission mode. Our results indicate a vertical growth of MoS ₂ crystallites with stacking values of 7-laminates along the [0 0 1] direction and an average height of 105 nm, principal Raman vibrations at E 2 g 1 at 378 cm ⁻¹ and A _1g at 407 cm ⁻¹ and an interplanar distance of ~0.62 nm as confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. An average hardness of H = 10.5 ± 0.1 GPa and elastic modulus of E = 136 ± 2 GPa from 0 to 90 nm of indenter penetration were found in these investigations.

The micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors are suitable devices for vibrational analysis in complex systems. The Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) is used due to its high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Here, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS device, which is embedded in a metallic package and connected to an optical fiber. This integrated micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) sensor contains a mass structure and handle layers coupled with four designed springs built on the device layer. An optical reading system using an FPI is used for displacement interrogation with a demodulation technique implemented in LabVIEW^®. The results indicate that our designed MOEMS sensor exhibits a main resonant frequency of 1274 Hz with damping ratio of 0.0173 under running conditions up to 7 g, in agreement with the analytical model. Our experimental findings show that our designed and fabricated MOEMS sensor has the potential for engineering application to monitor vibrations under high-electromagnetic environmental conditions.

Microgrippers are devices that have found applications in various fields of research and industry. They are driven by various actuation methods. In this article, an electrothermal rotary actuator recently proposed in the literature is explored to obtain a novel microgripper design (Model 1). In addition, the use of the rotary actuator as part of the chevron actuated microgrippers (Model 2) is also discussed. The theoretical analysis of the rotary actuator is supported by an equivalent U-shaped-like microactuator. The small error values validate the approximation used. Numerical modeling is performed with ANSYS^TM (Student version 2022, ANSYS, PA, USA). A comparison of theoretical and numerical results provides acceptable error values. The total inter-jaw displacement values obtained for models 1 and 2 are 12.28 μm and 21.2 μm, respectively, and the reaction force is 8.96 μN and 34.2 μN, respectively. The performance parameters of both microgrippers could make their use feasible for different nanoapplications. Model 2 can be used when higher force and displacement are required.

The digital transformation based on artificial intelligence supports the development of communities, organizations and nations that are economically committed to the technology that enables it, however, there are many spaces that remain empty if only a non-inclusive digital transformation is committed, so This study aims to explain the relationship between solidarity technologies and digital solidarity to promote digital transformation based on artificial intelligence, based on the theory of justice, solidarity and innovation. The research is quantitative, non-experimental, transectional, explanatory, case study of the Artificial Intelligence Center – IA.Center State of Chihuahua where 180 questionnaires were applied, analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), using the SmartPLS software 4. The findings reveal that solidarity technology positively and significantly impacts digital solidarity and that digital solidarity positively and significantly impacts AI digital transformation. Another finding is that digital solidarity is a mediating variable between the positive and significant relationship between solidarity technology and AI digital transformation. It was also found that the predictive power of the global model is significant. It is concluded that just as paid technology favors digital transformation, so do solidarity technologies and digital solidarity.

Homodyne demodulation is a convenient technique for signal detection in interferometric sensors. The demodulation process is typically developed using analog circuits. However, to improve the performance of the demodulator, a digital system must be employed. In this study, we developed an optical fiber sensor by combining: (a) a Michelson interferometer, (b) a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device, and (c) a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based interrogator. Signal processing was integrated into the FPGA-embedded system. The homodyne demodulation algorithm was implemented with hardware modules developed in the hardware description language (HDL) to provide a portable, low-cost, and scalable digital system. The present study successfully demonstrates the development and validation of an FPGA-based interrogator capable of processing interferograms through a homodyne demodulation scheme. The experimental results reveal proper displacement measurements of the proof-mass MEMS and the low amount of hardware resources used. The displacement measurements obtained from the system matched those obtained from a certified characterization system. As the system can be easily reconfigured to the required measured signal, a similar measurement methodology can be developed using other demodulation schemes and optical fiber sensors.