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Long-term sustainability in water supply systems is a major challenge due to water resources depletion, climate change and population growth. This paper presents a scenario-based approach for performance assessment of intervention strategies in water resources and supply systems (WRSS). A system dynamics (SD) approach is used for modelling the key WRSS components and their complex interactions with natural and human systems and is combined with a multi-criteria decision analysis for sustainability performance assessment of strategies in each scenario. The scenarios combine population growth rates with groundwater extraction limits and three intervention strategies. The methodology was demonstrated on a real-world case study in Iran. Results show scenario-based analysis can provide suitable strategies leading to long-term sustainability of water resources for each scenario imposed on the water systems. For scenarios with either no threshold or one threshold of groundwater extraction limit, the only effective strategies for sustainable groundwater preservation are those involving agricultural water demand decrease with an average recovery rate of 130% for groundwater resources while other strategies of agricultural groundwater abstraction (constant/increase rates) fail to sustainably recover groundwater resources. However, all analysed strategies can provide sustainability of water resources with an average recovery rate of 33% for groundwater resources only when scenarios with two threshold limits are in place. The impact of scenarios on groundwater conservation is quite minor for population growth rates with an average recovery rate of 11% compared to groundwater extraction limits with an average recovery rate of 79% between no threshold and two threshold limits.
Marzieh Momeni; Kourosh Behzadian; Hossein Yousefi; Sina Zahedi. A Scenario-Based Management of Water Resources and Supply Systems Using a Combined System Dynamics and Compromise Programming Approach. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMarzieh Momeni, Kourosh Behzadian, Hossein Yousefi, Sina Zahedi. A Scenario-Based Management of Water Resources and Supply Systems Using a Combined System Dynamics and Compromise Programming Approach. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarzieh Momeni; Kourosh Behzadian; Hossein Yousefi; Sina Zahedi. 2021. "A Scenario-Based Management of Water Resources and Supply Systems Using a Combined System Dynamics and Compromise Programming Approach." , no. : 1.
Advanced treatment units (ATUs) are highly recommended for industrial wastewater reuse in the developing countries especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Reliability of a hybrid treatment system comprised of a number of individual ATUs remains blur due to lack of conceptual framework, collected data or experience in failure performance analysis of these treatment systems. This paper presents a new methodological framework for assessing reliability of hybrid system alternatives in industrial wastewater treatment by using combined event tree analysis (ETA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). The framework comprises three major steps: (1) identification of feasible alternatives; (2) reliability analysis assessment using combined FTA and ETA with fuzzy logic techniques to calculate first failure probability of individual ATUs and then reliability of each hybrid system alternative; (3) prioritisation of alternatives. Failure probability rate of events in FTA is determined by experts’ judgement. The suggested framework is demonstrated through its application to a real case study of wastewater treatment plants of industrial parks in Iran. The results show the highest failure probabilities are reverse osmosis unit with 30% and ozonation unit with 24%, while coagulation and flotation unit has the lowest failure probability of 5.4%. The most reliable alternative of hybrid system is comprised of sand filter + activated carbon + micro filter + ultra-filter + ion exchange with 74.82% reliability. Results in this study also show that selecting ATUs with higher removal efficiencies or rate of acceptable scenarios to form a hybrid ATU system cannot necessarily lead to a more reliable hybrid system without performing suggested FTA and ETA in this paper.
Farzad Piadeh; Mohsen Ahmadi; Kourosh Behzadian. Reliability assessment for hybrid systems of advanced treatment units of industrial wastewater reuse using combined event tree and fuzzy fault tree analyses. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 201, 958 -973.
AMA StyleFarzad Piadeh, Mohsen Ahmadi, Kourosh Behzadian. Reliability assessment for hybrid systems of advanced treatment units of industrial wastewater reuse using combined event tree and fuzzy fault tree analyses. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 201 ():958-973.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarzad Piadeh; Mohsen Ahmadi; Kourosh Behzadian. 2018. "Reliability assessment for hybrid systems of advanced treatment units of industrial wastewater reuse using combined event tree and fuzzy fault tree analyses." Journal of Cleaner Production 201, no. : 958-973.
Optimal operation of a large water distribution system (WDS) has always been a tedious task, especially when combined with determination of district metered areas (DMAs). This paper presents a novel framework based on graph theory and optimization models to design DMA configuration and identify optimal operation of large WDSs for both dry and rainy seasons. The methodology comprises three main phases: preliminary analysis, DMA configuration, and optimal operation. The preliminary analysis assists in identifying key features and potential bottlenecks in the WDS, narrowing down the large number of decision variables. The second phase employs a graph theory approach to specify DMAs and adjust their configuration based on similarity of total water demands and pressure uniformity in DMAs. The third phase uses several consecutive, single-objective and multiobjective optimization models. The decision variables are pipe rehabilitation, tank upgrade, location of valves and pipe closures, and valve settings for each DMA. The objective functions are to minimize total annual cost of rehabilitation, water age, and pressure uniformity. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through its application to the large, real-world WDS of E-Town. The results show that the proposed methodology can determine a desirable DMA configuration mainly supplied directly by trunk mains.
Farshid Rahmani; Karwan Muhammed; Kourosh Behzadian; Raziyeh Farmani. Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems Using a Graph Theory–Based Configuration of District Metered Areas. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2018, 144, 04018042 .
AMA StyleFarshid Rahmani, Karwan Muhammed, Kourosh Behzadian, Raziyeh Farmani. Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems Using a Graph Theory–Based Configuration of District Metered Areas. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2018; 144 (8):04018042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarshid Rahmani; Karwan Muhammed; Kourosh Behzadian; Raziyeh Farmani. 2018. "Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems Using a Graph Theory–Based Configuration of District Metered Areas." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 144, no. 8: 04018042.
Farhad Hooshyaripor; Kourosh Behzadian. Closure to “Improving Prediction of Dam Failure Peak Outflow Using Neuroevolution Combined with K-Means Clustering” by Amir Hossein Eghbali, Kourosh Behzadian, Farhad Hooshyaripor, Raziyeh Farmani, and Andrew P. Duncan. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2018, 23, 07018007 .
AMA StyleFarhad Hooshyaripor, Kourosh Behzadian. Closure to “Improving Prediction of Dam Failure Peak Outflow Using Neuroevolution Combined with K-Means Clustering” by Amir Hossein Eghbali, Kourosh Behzadian, Farhad Hooshyaripor, Raziyeh Farmani, and Andrew P. Duncan. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 2018; 23 (5):07018007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarhad Hooshyaripor; Kourosh Behzadian. 2018. "Closure to “Improving Prediction of Dam Failure Peak Outflow Using Neuroevolution Combined with K-Means Clustering” by Amir Hossein Eghbali, Kourosh Behzadian, Farhad Hooshyaripor, Raziyeh Farmani, and Andrew P. Duncan." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 23, no. 5: 07018007.
Although rainwater harvesting (RWH) schemes have gradually gained more credibility and popularity in recent times, efficient utilisation and larger scale implementation of multi-purpose RWH are still a challenging task. This paper aims to explore the potential of using smart RWH schemes and their impact on the efficiency improvement in integrated urban water systems (UWS). The smart RWH scheme analysed here is capable of proactively controlling the tank water level to ensure sufficient spare storage is maintained at all times that accommodates the runoff from storm events. The multi-purpose RWH tank can mitigate local floods during rainfall events and supply harvested rainwater to non-potable residential water consumption. Optimal design parameters of the smart RWH scheme are also identified to achieve the best operational performance of the UWS. WaterMet2 model is used to assess the performance of the UWS with smart RWH schemes. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through modelling a real case of integrated UWS. The results obtained indicate that utilisation of smart RWH with an optimally sized tank, compared to the corresponding conventional RWH, is able to significantly improve the UWS efficiency in terms of mitigation of local flooding and reliability of water supply from harvested rainwater.
Kourosh Behzadian; Zoran Kapelan; Seyed Jamshid Mousavi; Amir Alani. Can smart rainwater harvesting schemes result in the improved performance of integrated urban water systems? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 19271 -19282.
AMA StyleKourosh Behzadian, Zoran Kapelan, Seyed Jamshid Mousavi, Amir Alani. Can smart rainwater harvesting schemes result in the improved performance of integrated urban water systems? Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (20):19271-19282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKourosh Behzadian; Zoran Kapelan; Seyed Jamshid Mousavi; Amir Alani. 2017. "Can smart rainwater harvesting schemes result in the improved performance of integrated urban water systems?" Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 20: 19271-19282.
Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos Archipelago), like many other tourist islands, is currently experiencing an exponential increase in tourism and local population growth, jeopardizing current and future water supply. An accurate assessment of the future water supply/demand balance is crucial to capital investment for water infrastructure. This paper aims to present five intervention strategies, which are suggested to solve the future water crisis. The strategies combined include environmentally sustainable options such as rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling and water demand management, as well as desalination. These strategies were evaluated under four population growth scenarios (very fast, fast, moderate and slow growths) by using several Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) including water demand, leakage levels, total costs, energy consumption, rainwater delivered and greywater recycled. Moreover, it also aims to develop a methodology for similar islands, using the WaterMet2 modelling approach, a tool for integrated of sustainable-based performance of urban water systems. The results obtained show that by 2044 only a small portion of the future water demand can be covered assuming business as usual. Therefore, desalination seems to be the most viable option in order to mitigate the lack of water at the end of the planning period considering the growth trends. However, strategies comprising more environmentally friendly alternatives may be sufficient, but only under slow population growth scenarios.
Maria Fernanda Reyes; Nemanja Trifunović; Saroj Sharma; Kourosh Behzadian; Zoran Kapelan; Maria D. Kennedy. Mitigation Options for Future Water Scarcity: A Case Study in Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Archipelago). Water 2017, 9, 597 .
AMA StyleMaria Fernanda Reyes, Nemanja Trifunović, Saroj Sharma, Kourosh Behzadian, Zoran Kapelan, Maria D. Kennedy. Mitigation Options for Future Water Scarcity: A Case Study in Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Archipelago). Water. 2017; 9 (8):597.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Fernanda Reyes; Nemanja Trifunović; Saroj Sharma; Kourosh Behzadian; Zoran Kapelan; Maria D. Kennedy. 2017. "Mitigation Options for Future Water Scarcity: A Case Study in Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Archipelago)." Water 9, no. 8: 597.
Karwan Muhammed; Raziyeh Farmani; Kourosh Behzadian; Kegong Diao; David Butler. Optimal Rehabilitation of Water Distribution Systems Using a Cluster-Based Technique. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2017, 143, 04017022 .
AMA StyleKarwan Muhammed, Raziyeh Farmani, Kourosh Behzadian, Kegong Diao, David Butler. Optimal Rehabilitation of Water Distribution Systems Using a Cluster-Based Technique. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2017; 143 (7):04017022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarwan Muhammed; Raziyeh Farmani; Kourosh Behzadian; Kegong Diao; David Butler. 2017. "Optimal Rehabilitation of Water Distribution Systems Using a Cluster-Based Technique." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 143, no. 7: 04017022.
Amir Hossein Eghbali; Kourosh Behzadian; Farhad Hooshyaripor; Raziyeh Farmani; Andrew P. Duncan. Improving Prediction of Dam Failure Peak Outflow Using Neuroevolution Combined with K-Means Clustering. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2017, 22, 04017007 .
AMA StyleAmir Hossein Eghbali, Kourosh Behzadian, Farhad Hooshyaripor, Raziyeh Farmani, Andrew P. Duncan. Improving Prediction of Dam Failure Peak Outflow Using Neuroevolution Combined with K-Means Clustering. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 2017; 22 (6):04017007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Hossein Eghbali; Kourosh Behzadian; Farhad Hooshyaripor; Raziyeh Farmani; Andrew P. Duncan. 2017. "Improving Prediction of Dam Failure Peak Outflow Using Neuroevolution Combined with K-Means Clustering." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 22, no. 6: 04017007.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Resources, Conservation and Recycling (2015), DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.03.015This paper presents a new quantitative model called ‘WaterMet2’ for the metabolism based assessment of the integrated urban water system (UWS) performance. WaterMet2 quantifies a number of UWS flows/fluxes (e.g. water and energy) which can be used to derive sustainability-based performance metrics. The generic WaterMet2 model overcomes the drawbacks of the existing UWS models and strives to bridge the gaps related to the nexus of water, energy and other environmental impacts in an integrated UWS. The main features of WaterMet2 are: (1) conceptual simulation model of UWS comprised of water supply, stormwater and wastewater subsystems with possible centralised and decentralised water reuse; (2) UWS represented by an arbitrary number of key UWS components for each type in four spatial scales (System, Subcatchment, Local and Indoor areas) in a distributed modelling type approach; (3) quantifying the metabolism-based performance of UWS including the caused and avoided environmental impact categories (GHG emissions, acidification and eutrophication potentials) and resource recovery in UWS. WaterMet2 is tested, validated and demonstrated by evaluating the long-term performance of the UWS of a northern European city for three states including business as usual and two intervention strategies: addition of new water resources and large scale localised water recycling. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of WaterMet2 in evaluating the sustainability related UWS performance, the suitability of using WaterMet2 at the strategic level UWS planning and the importance of using an integrated assessment approach covering the full urban water cycle.European Commission in the 7th Framework Programm
Kourosh Behzadian; Zoran Kapelan. Modelling metabolism based performance of an urban water system using WaterMet2. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2015, 99, 84 -99.
AMA StyleKourosh Behzadian, Zoran Kapelan. Modelling metabolism based performance of an urban water system using WaterMet2. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2015; 99 ():84-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKourosh Behzadian; Zoran Kapelan. 2015. "Modelling metabolism based performance of an urban water system using WaterMet2." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 99, no. : 84-99.