Several studies have reported a significant association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mortality around the world. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) has been widely studied in dyslipidaemia, and several studies have indicated that CAV-1 genetic variations may correlate with dietary intake of fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of CAV-1 rs3807992 with types of dietary fatty acid in the MetS risk. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 404 overweight and obese females. Dietary intake was obtained from a 147-item FFQ. The CAV-1 genotype was measured using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Anthropometric values and serum levels (TC, LDL, HDL, TAG and FBS) were measured by standard methods. It was observed that the (AA + AG) group had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference and DBP ( P = 0·02, P = 0·02, and P = 0·01, respectively) and lower serum LDL, HDL and TC ( P < 0·05) than the GG group. It was found that A allele carriers were at higher odds of the MetS ( P = 0·01), abdominal obesity ( P = 0·06), increased TAG concentration ( P = 0·01), elevated blood pressure (BP) ( P = 0·01), increased glucose concentration ( P = 0·45) and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration ( P = 0·03). Moreover, the interaction of CAV-1 and SFA intake was significant in terms of the MetS ( P = 0·03), LDL ( P = 0·03) and BP ( P = 0·01). Additionally, the (AA + AG) group was significantly related to PUFA intake in terms of the MetS ( P = 0·04), TAG ( P = 0·02), glucose ( P = 0·02) and homoeostasis model assessment insulin resistance ( P = 0·01). Higher PUFA consumption might attenuate the CAV-1 rs3807992 associations with the MetS, and individuals with greater genetic predisposition appeared to have a higher risk of the MetS, associated with higher SFA consumption.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in almost all chronic diseases. The most frequent methods for the calculation of a continuous MetS (cMetS) score have used the standardized residuals in linear regression (z-score). Recently, emerging data suggest that one of the main genetic targets is theCAV1, which plays a crucial role in regulating body fat distribution. This study is designed to investigate the relationship betweenCAV1 rs3807992genotypes and cMetS, and to determine whether body fat distribution plays a mediating role in this regard.Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 386 overweight and obese females. TheCAV1 rs3807992and body composition were measured by the PCR–RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Serum profile of HDL-C, TGs, FPG, and Insulin were measured by standard protocols.Results: GG allele carriers had significantly lowered Z-MAP (p = 0.02), total cMetS (p = 0.03) and higher Z-HDL (p = 0.001) compared with (A) allele carriers. There was a significant specific indirect effect (standardized coefficient = 0.19; 95% CI 0.01–0.4) of Visceral fat level (VFL). Although, total body fat was significantly associated withCAV1 rs3807992and cMetS, the specific indirect effect was not significant (standardized coefficient = 0.21; 95% CI − 0.006, 0.44). VFL contributed to significant indirect effects of 35% on the relationship betweenCAV1and cMetS.Conclusion: Higher visceral adipose tissue may affect the relationship betweenCAV1and cMetS. AlthoughCAV1 rs3807992is linked to VFL in our study, the influence of this polymorphism on MetS is not via total fat.

Mirzababaei A, et al. Clin Nutr Res. 2022 Apr;11(2):120-132. https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2022.11.2.120