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Pal Balázs
Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, 9400 Sopron, Hungary

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Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Minerals
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The main purpose of the present study was to monitor actual contamination levels and execute a comparative assessment of results in a mid-sized Hungarian city for two different years. The first citywide soil investigations were completed in 2011. In 2018, the most prominent properties (pH, CaCO3, texture, and trace metals Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were reanalyzed and were supplemented with mesofauna on selected sites. The available trace metal elements of urban soils showed the following tendency in 2011: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr = Ni = Co. In 2018, the previous order changed to Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd = Ni = Co. Cd and Pb enrichments were found, especially near the M7 motorway. The comparison between 2011 and 2018 revealed soil contamination was, on average, higher in 2011. Soil microarthropod communities were sampled and assessed using abundance data and diversity measurements. Soil biological quality was evaluated with the help of the Soil Biological Quality (QBS-ar) index. Acari and Collembola appeared to be the most abundant, ubiquitous taxa in the samples. Simultaneously, important groups like Symphyla, Protura, and Chilopoda were completely absent from the most polluted sites. For the most part, lower taxa richness, diversity, and QBS-ar index were observed with higher available Cu Zn, and Pb concentrations.

ACS Style

Adrienn Horváth; Péter Csáki; Renáta Szita; Péter Kalicz; Zoltán Gribovszki; András Bidló; Bernadett Bolodár-Varga; Pál Balázs; Dániel Winkler. A Complex Soil Ecological Approach in a Sustainable Urban Environment: Soil Properties and Soil Biological Quality. Minerals 2021, 11, 704 .

AMA Style

Adrienn Horváth, Péter Csáki, Renáta Szita, Péter Kalicz, Zoltán Gribovszki, András Bidló, Bernadett Bolodár-Varga, Pál Balázs, Dániel Winkler. A Complex Soil Ecological Approach in a Sustainable Urban Environment: Soil Properties and Soil Biological Quality. Minerals. 2021; 11 (7):704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrienn Horváth; Péter Csáki; Renáta Szita; Péter Kalicz; Zoltán Gribovszki; András Bidló; Bernadett Bolodár-Varga; Pál Balázs; Dániel Winkler. 2021. "A Complex Soil Ecological Approach in a Sustainable Urban Environment: Soil Properties and Soil Biological Quality." Minerals 11, no. 7: 704.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Forests
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Research Highlights: Data of advanced-age provenance tests were reanalyzed applying a new approach, to directly estimate the growth of populations at their original sites under individually generated future climates. The results revealed the high resilience potential of fir species. Background and Objectives: The growth and survival of silver fir under future climatic scenarios are insufficiently investigated at the xeric limits. The selective signature of past climate determining the current and projected growth was investigated to analyze the prospects of adaptive silviculture and assisted transfer of silver fir populations, and the introduction of non-autochthonous species. Materials and Methods: Hargreaves’ climatic moisture deficit was selected to model height responses of adult populations. Climatic transfer distance was used to assess the relative drought stress of populations at the test site, relating these to the past conditions to which the populations had adapted. ClimateEU and ClimateWNA pathway RCP8.5 data served to determine individually past, current, and future moisture deficit conditions. Besides silver fir, other fir species from South Europe and the American Northwest were also tested. Results: Drought tolerance profiles explained the responses of transferred provenances and predicted their future performance and survival. Silver fir displayed significant within-species differentiation regarding drought stress response. Applying the assumed drought tolerance limit of 100 mm relative moisture deficit, most of the tested silver fir populations seem to survive their projected climate at their origin until the end of the century. Survival is likely also for transferred Balkan fir species and for grand fir populations, but not for the Mediterranean species. Conclusions: The projections are less dramatic than provided by usual inventory assessments, considering also the resilience of populations. The method fills the existing gap between experimentally determined adaptive response and the predictions needed for management decisions. It also underscores the unique potential of provenance tests.

ACS Style

Csaba Mátyás; František Beran; Jaroslav Dostál; Jiří Čáp; Martin Fulín; Monika Vejpustková; Gregor Božič; Pál Balázs; Josef Frýdl. Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management. Forests 2021, 12, 821 .

AMA Style

Csaba Mátyás, František Beran, Jaroslav Dostál, Jiří Čáp, Martin Fulín, Monika Vejpustková, Gregor Božič, Pál Balázs, Josef Frýdl. Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management. Forests. 2021; 12 (7):821.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Csaba Mátyás; František Beran; Jaroslav Dostál; Jiří Čáp; Martin Fulín; Monika Vejpustková; Gregor Božič; Pál Balázs; Josef Frýdl. 2021. "Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management." Forests 12, no. 7: 821.

Preprint
Published: 12 May 2021
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Research Highlights: Data of advanced-age provenance tests were reanalyzed applying a new approach, to directly estimate the growth of populations at their original sites under individually generated future climates. The results reveal surprisingly high resilience potential of fir species. Background and Objectives: The growth and survival of silver fir under future climatic scenarios is insufficiently investigated at the xeric limits. The selective signature of past climate determining the current and projected growth was investigated to analyze the prospects of adaptive silviculture and assisted transfer of silver fir populations, and of the introduction of non-autochthonous species. Materials and Methods: Hargreaves’ climatic moisture deficit was selected to model height responses of adult populations. Climatic transfer distance was used to assess the relative drought stress of populations at the test site, relating these to the past conditions to which the populations had adapted. ClimateEU and ClimateWNA pathway RCP8.5 data served to determine individually past, current, and future moisture deficit conditions. Beside silver fir, other fir species from South Europe and the American Northwest were also tested. Results: Drought tolerance profiles explained the responses of transferred provenances and predicted their future performance and survival. Silver fir displayed significant within-species differentiation regarding drought stress response. Applying the assumed drought tolerance limit of 100mm relative moisture deficit, most of the tested silver fir populations seem to survive their projected climate at their origin until the end of the century. Survival is likely also for transferred Balkan fir species and for grand fir populations, but not for the Mediterranean species. Conclusions: The projections are less dramatic than provided by usual field assessments. Some results contradict generally accepted concepts. The method fills the existing gap between experimentally determined adaptive response and the predictions needed for management decisions. It also underscores the unique potential of provenance tests.

ACS Style

Csaba Mátyás; Jaroslav Dostál; František Beran; Jiří Čáp; Martin Fulín; Monika Vejpustková; Gregor Božič; Pál Balázs; Josef Frýdl. Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Csaba Mátyás, Jaroslav Dostál, František Beran, Jiří Čáp, Martin Fulín, Monika Vejpustková, Gregor Božič, Pál Balázs, Josef Frýdl. Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Csaba Mátyás; Jaroslav Dostál; František Beran; Jiří Čáp; Martin Fulín; Monika Vejpustková; Gregor Božič; Pál Balázs; Josef Frýdl. 2021. "Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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The main negative global phenomena are climate change, biodiversity loss and biological invasions. Attaining the 2050 climate neutrality target is of great importance in agriculture and forestry. Land use is a significant factor in carbon sequestration from the atmosphere (carbon sink) and can be employed to potentially store carbon for decades. Land use can also contribute to climate change adaptation against aridification, preserve biodiversity, and reduce CO2 and NOx emissions. In addition, growing global environmental problems impact the entire world, which compels society to live with changed circumstances. Nevertheless, negative processes do not affect all territories equally. Some areas are more vulnerable and sensitive to changes, while others are more flexible and demonstrate higher resilience against negative changes. Nature compensates negative global environmental phenomena and people can contribute to this process. This compensation is hard in semi-arid and arid regions of the world, however, in humid regions it needs less effort.

Őrség - one of the southwestern landscape of the Carpathian basin - is a typical example of a humid-mesic climate. Due to its unique ecological, economic, and social characteristics, Őrség shows higher resistance against global changes. The humid-mesic climate and the acid soil with low fertility promote the forest succession on abandoned arable lands and pastures. Due to the warming and the anthropogenic CO2 and NOx forest areas show accelerating growth. High forest coverage (62%), extensive land management, high humidity, high proportion of nature close areas, unique landscape structure, and soft tourism all manifest themselves in higher stability against negative changes. Under these specific site conditions, reviving capacity of forests is relatively high: uncultivated lands quickly become forests without human intervention. Therefore, the best line of action would be to support this natural afforestation process with tree species that are less climate-sensitive and more drought-tolerant. The increasing proportion of forests parallel with the decreasing proportion of uncultivated land reduces the possibility of the invasion of alien plant species. The afforestation process of rural areas is highly supported by the present Hungarian policy. 

Our research aims to enhance the observation that rural landscapes provide great examples for sustainability. These areas have not only remained viable, they also safeguard our future.

ACS Style

Pál Balázs; Imre Berki; Adrienn Horváth. Local example for the compensation of negative global environmental phenomena. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Pál Balázs, Imre Berki, Adrienn Horváth. Local example for the compensation of negative global environmental phenomena. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pál Balázs; Imre Berki; Adrienn Horváth. 2021. "Local example for the compensation of negative global environmental phenomena." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 19 January 2021
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Research Highlights: Adult grand fir displayed significantly faster growth and better resilience than native silver fir, tolerating the drastic reduction of annual rainfall at the provenance test. The reason is its adaptation to "Submediterranean-type” summer aridity at origin. When transferred to Central Europe, grand fir enjoys a substantial improvement of summer climate through higher rainfall, displaying its generally observed superiority. Background and Objectives: Published results of Frýdl and co-workers [1] were reanalyzed to assess resilience of fir species to summer drought stress. The primary aim was to detect the effects of transfer into changed climatic conditions, and less the within- and between-species adaptive differentiation shaped by past climates. Materials and Methods: Height growth of European and North American species was compared at adult age in three Czech provenance tests. Species profiles of climate sensitivity were estimated by comparing height response and climate transfer distance applying a Summer Aridity Index. Results: Silver fir showed relatively high sensitivity to summer aridity while the species A. cephalonica and A. borisii-regis were less sensitive but slower growing. Exposed to drastic climatic change, A. pinsapo and A. cilicica exhibited total mortality. The response of grand and noble fir provenances followed the pattern of sympatric Douglas fir. Grand fir surpassed native silver fir in growth and resilience. Conclusions: The sensitivity profile of fir species appears to be linked to adaptation to summer aridity at their origin, contrasting the recognition of rainfall in the wettest quarter as the best predictor. In the future, native silver fir will retreat from low-elevation, drought-exposed sites and will require silvicultural support. The introduction of Balkan firs may improve the stability of forest ecosystems. Grand fir may be considered for cautious introduction at higher elevations. When selecting provenances for future climate scenarios, the safeguarding of stability and resilience has first priority.

ACS Style

Csaba Mátyás; František Beran; Jaroslav Dostál; Jiří Čáp; Martin Fulín; Monika Vejpustková; Gregor Božič; Pál Balázs; Josef Frýdl. Climatic Sensitivity Profile of Abies Species – A Key to Their Future Role in the Adaptive Silviculture of Central-Southeast Europe. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Csaba Mátyás, František Beran, Jaroslav Dostál, Jiří Čáp, Martin Fulín, Monika Vejpustková, Gregor Božič, Pál Balázs, Josef Frýdl. Climatic Sensitivity Profile of Abies Species – A Key to Their Future Role in the Adaptive Silviculture of Central-Southeast Europe. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Csaba Mátyás; František Beran; Jaroslav Dostál; Jiří Čáp; Martin Fulín; Monika Vejpustková; Gregor Božič; Pál Balázs; Josef Frýdl. 2021. "Climatic Sensitivity Profile of Abies Species – A Key to Their Future Role in the Adaptive Silviculture of Central-Southeast Europe." , no. : 1.

Science
Published: 21 October 2018 in Journal of Maps
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We produced the first spatially explicit, cross-border, digital map of long-term (160 years) land use in the Carpathian Ecoregion, the Hungarian part of the Pannonian plains and the historical region of Moravia in the Czech Republic. We mapped land use in a regular 2 × 2 km point grid. Our dataset comprises of 91,310 points covering 365,240 km2 in seven countries (Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine and Romania). We digitized three time layers: (1) for the Habsburg period, we used maps of the second Habsburg military survey from years 1819–1873 at the scale 1:28,800 and the Szatmari's maps from years 1855–1858 at scale 1:57,600; (2) The World Wars period was covered by national topographic maps from years 1915–1945 and scales here ranged between 1:20,000–1:100,000; and (3) the Socialist period was mapped from national topographic maps for the years 1950–1983 at scales between 1:25,000–1:50,000. We collected metadata about the years of mapping and map sources. We used a hierarchical legend for our maps, so that the land use classification for the entire region consisted of 9 categories at the most general level and of 22 categories depending on the period and a country.

ACS Style

Juraj Lieskovský; Dominik Kaim; Pál Balázs; Martin Boltižiar; Mateusz Chmiel; Ewa Grabska; Géza Király; Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Jacek Kozak; Katarína Antalová; Tetyana Kuchma; Peter Mackovčin; Matej Mojses; Catalina Munteanu; Krzysztof Ostafin; Katarzyna Ostapowicz; Oleksandra Shandra; Premysl Stych; Volker C. Radeloff. Historical land use dataset of the Carpathian region (1819–1980). Journal of Maps 2018, 14, 644 -651.

AMA Style

Juraj Lieskovský, Dominik Kaim, Pál Balázs, Martin Boltižiar, Mateusz Chmiel, Ewa Grabska, Géza Király, Éva Konkoly-Gyuró, Jacek Kozak, Katarína Antalová, Tetyana Kuchma, Peter Mackovčin, Matej Mojses, Catalina Munteanu, Krzysztof Ostafin, Katarzyna Ostapowicz, Oleksandra Shandra, Premysl Stych, Volker C. Radeloff. Historical land use dataset of the Carpathian region (1819–1980). Journal of Maps. 2018; 14 (2):644-651.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juraj Lieskovský; Dominik Kaim; Pál Balázs; Martin Boltižiar; Mateusz Chmiel; Ewa Grabska; Géza Király; Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Jacek Kozak; Katarína Antalová; Tetyana Kuchma; Peter Mackovčin; Matej Mojses; Catalina Munteanu; Krzysztof Ostafin; Katarzyna Ostapowicz; Oleksandra Shandra; Premysl Stych; Volker C. Radeloff. 2018. "Historical land use dataset of the Carpathian region (1819–1980)." Journal of Maps 14, no. 2: 644-651.

Articles
Published: 12 October 2018 in Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography
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Landscape is a dynamic, multi-layered, spatial–temporal system. It mirrors the results of human–nature interactions, encompassing both material and perceived reality. Landscape assessment requires transdisciplinarity that we achieve by discussing and combining three approaches: landscape character assessment (LCA), historic land-cover (LC) change analysis and narratives of local residents on landscape perception. The Austro-Hungarian transboundary study area around Lake Fertő, a world heritage cultural landscape, was divided by a state border after First World War. It provides a good example for the divergent evolution of the same biophysical landscape due to the different political and socio-economic influences. Results of the study highlight methodological issues concerning the combination of quantitative and qualitative data and the inclusion of local knowledge in the LCA. The historical cartographic analysis presents the significant differences in LC transition processes in the Austrian and the Hungarian sides of the area, resulting in dissimilarities in landscape character. The study shows the differences in landscape conceptualization and the perceptions of landscape researchers and local residents. Mutual understanding helps communication to preserve the unique landscape qualities and avoid landscape degradation by enhancing environmental awareness and facilitating common landscape management strategies.

ACS Style

Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Pál Balázs; Ágnes Tirászi. Transdisciplinary approach of transboundary landscape studies: a case study of an Austro-Hungarian transboundary landscape. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 2018, 119, 52 -68.

AMA Style

Éva Konkoly-Gyuró, Pál Balázs, Ágnes Tirászi. Transdisciplinary approach of transboundary landscape studies: a case study of an Austro-Hungarian transboundary landscape. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography. 2018; 119 (1):52-68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Pál Balázs; Ágnes Tirászi. 2018. "Transdisciplinary approach of transboundary landscape studies: a case study of an Austro-Hungarian transboundary landscape." Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 119, no. 1: 52-68.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Despite the advanced activity of urban soil research, comparison of available trace metal contents in the soil of settlements has not yet been well investigated. First aim of research was the comparison of human impacts on urban soils in two Hungarian cities with different structure and development. To detect the sources of contamination, Szombathely and Sopron cities were separated into urban, suburban and peri-urban areas. Altogether 192 topsoil samples were collected at 0-20 cm in order to measure the physicochemical properties of the soil. Instead of total element contents, plant-available trace metal concentrations - Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn - were determined using ICP-OES method. Due to different geological conditions, urban soils of the investigated settlements had similar properties in the case of pH, CaCO and texture. In the case of plant available trace metals, limit excesses were found in urban and peri-urban areas mostly, but high values were recorded in the suburb. The amount of Cd, Co and Ni were negligible. Downtown area was the most contaminated in both cities, but extremes appeared in suburban areas. In Szombathely, Cu values were 90 mg Cu/kg). The samples taken alongside busy roads near the city centre were Pb-contaminated due to traffic. The Pb concentration decreased slightly towards the suburban areas of the cities. The Zn level exceeded 40 mg Zn/kg in soils taken from the watercourses of Szombathely. The highest trace metal pollution levels were recorded in soils of public parks of Sopron. Urban soils of Szombathely were more homogenized than urban soils of Sopron. Based on statistical analyses and comparison of the relations of urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas of Sopron to Szombathely, Szombathely's urban soils show more homogeneity.

ACS Style

Adrienn Horváth; Péter Kalicz; Andrea Farsang; Pál Balázs; Imre Berki; András Bidló. Influence of human impacts on trace metal accumulation in soils of two Hungarian cities. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 637-638, 1197 -1208.

AMA Style

Adrienn Horváth, Péter Kalicz, Andrea Farsang, Pál Balázs, Imre Berki, András Bidló. Influence of human impacts on trace metal accumulation in soils of two Hungarian cities. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 637-638 ():1197-1208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrienn Horváth; Péter Kalicz; Andrea Farsang; Pál Balázs; Imre Berki; András Bidló. 2018. "Influence of human impacts on trace metal accumulation in soils of two Hungarian cities." Science of The Total Environment 637-638, no. : 1197-1208.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Erdészettudományi Közlemények
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ACS Style

Imre Berki; Norbert Móricz; Ervin Rasztovits; Krisztina Gulyás; Balázs Garamszegi; Adrienn Horváth; Pál Balázs; Berki Imre; Móricz Norbert; Rasztovits Ervin; Gulyás Krisztina; Garamszegi Balázs; Horváth Adrienn; Balázs Pál; Lakatos Bence. Fapusztulás és gyorsuló növekedés kocsánytalan tölgyeseinkben. Erdészettudományi Közlemények 2018, 8, 119 -130.

AMA Style

Imre Berki, Norbert Móricz, Ervin Rasztovits, Krisztina Gulyás, Balázs Garamszegi, Adrienn Horváth, Pál Balázs, Berki Imre, Móricz Norbert, Rasztovits Ervin, Gulyás Krisztina, Garamszegi Balázs, Horváth Adrienn, Balázs Pál, Lakatos Bence. Fapusztulás és gyorsuló növekedés kocsánytalan tölgyeseinkben. Erdészettudományi Közlemények. 2018; 8 (1):119-130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imre Berki; Norbert Móricz; Ervin Rasztovits; Krisztina Gulyás; Balázs Garamszegi; Adrienn Horváth; Pál Balázs; Berki Imre; Móricz Norbert; Rasztovits Ervin; Gulyás Krisztina; Garamszegi Balázs; Horváth Adrienn; Balázs Pál; Lakatos Bence. 2018. "Fapusztulás és gyorsuló növekedés kocsánytalan tölgyeseinkben." Erdészettudományi Közlemények 8, no. 1: 119-130.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Erdészettudományi Közlemények
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ACS Style

Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Pál Balázs. Erdőborítás-változás a Kárpát-medence térségében a 19. század közepétől napjainkig. Erdészettudományi Közlemények 2016, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Éva Konkoly-Gyuró, Pál Balázs. Erdőborítás-változás a Kárpát-medence térségében a 19. század közepétől napjainkig. Erdészettudományi Közlemények. 2016; 6 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Pál Balázs. 2016. "Erdőborítás-változás a Kárpát-medence térségében a 19. század közepétől napjainkig." Erdészettudományi Közlemények 6, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Global Environmental Change
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ACS Style

Catalina Munteanu; Tobias Kuemmerle; Nicholas S. Keuler; Daniel Müller; Pal Balázs; Monika Dobosz; Patrick Griffiths; Lubos Halada; Dominik Kaim; Géza Király; Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Jacek Kozak; Juraj Lieskovsky; Krzysztof Ostafin; Katarzyna Ostapowicz; Oleksandra Shandra; Volker C. Radeloff. Legacies of 19th century land use shape contemporary forest cover. Global Environmental Change 2015, 34, 83 -94.

AMA Style

Catalina Munteanu, Tobias Kuemmerle, Nicholas S. Keuler, Daniel Müller, Pal Balázs, Monika Dobosz, Patrick Griffiths, Lubos Halada, Dominik Kaim, Géza Király, Éva Konkoly-Gyuró, Jacek Kozak, Juraj Lieskovsky, Krzysztof Ostafin, Katarzyna Ostapowicz, Oleksandra Shandra, Volker C. Radeloff. Legacies of 19th century land use shape contemporary forest cover. Global Environmental Change. 2015; 34 ():83-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catalina Munteanu; Tobias Kuemmerle; Nicholas S. Keuler; Daniel Müller; Pal Balázs; Monika Dobosz; Patrick Griffiths; Lubos Halada; Dominik Kaim; Géza Király; Éva Konkoly-Gyuró; Jacek Kozak; Juraj Lieskovsky; Krzysztof Ostafin; Katarzyna Ostapowicz; Oleksandra Shandra; Volker C. Radeloff. 2015. "Legacies of 19th century land use shape contemporary forest cover." Global Environmental Change 34, no. : 83-94.