This article provides a review of heterojunction-based (type-II and Z-scheme) photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, including fundamental principles, current progress, and prospects.

In this paper, we report the preparation of visible-light active direct Z-scheme Cu₂O/WO₃ nanocomposite photocatalyst by a solid-state reaction avoiding the otherwise inevitable formation of CuWO₄ phase in wet syntheses. Structure, morphology, and thermal and optical properties of prepared WO₃ nanoplatelets decorated by Cu₂O were investigated by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM/TEM, combined thermogravimetric (TG)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples under UV and visible light was studied through monitoring discoloration of methylene blue under illumination by selected wavelengths, allowing for the distinguishing between the contributions of the two semiconductive components. Experimental results showed that the decoration of WO₃ nanoplates by Cu₂O nanoparticles led to an improvement in photocatalytic performance, regardless of used LED (Light-Emitting Diode) wavelength, even at low concentrations. By using scavengers selectively blocking reactive species involved in the discoloration reaction, we determined that the Cu₂O/WO₃ nanocomposite exhibited the characteristics of direct Z-scheme-type photocatalyst.

This study illustrates how organizations reconcile their information processing capabilities with uncertainty within the supply chain (SC) through generative artificial intelligence (GAI) to achieve carbon performance (CP). A quantitative research methodology is applied, and 155 responses from manufacturing firms are analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) for hypothesis testing. The findings suggest that GAI for process automation and cognitive engagement has a positive influence on business intelligence (BI), whereas end‐of‐life (EOL) product management mediates the relationship between green product innovation (GPI) and CP. This study contributes to the SC context, focusing on GAI and BI in mitigating uncertainties within SCs to foster GPI and improve CP. This study highlights actionable frameworks for leveraging digital technologies in sustainable SCs by addressing technological challenges and integrating green innovation practices.