For the past four decades, the methodology of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on fuzzy trapezoidal or triangular numbers with the linear type of membership functions has witnessed an expanding development with applicability to a wide variety of areas, such as industry, environment, education, government, economics, engineering, health, and smart city leadership. On the other hand, the interval gray analytic hierarchy process is a more practical method when a significant number of professionals have large variations in preferences and interests in complex decisions. The paper examines the management of architectural heritage in smart cities, using methods of multi-criteria decision making. Two appropriate methods generally recommended by the scientific literature have been applied: fuzzy and interval grey analytic hierarchy process. By using both techniques, there is an opportunity to analyze the consensual results from the aspect of two different stakeholder groups: architectural heritage experts and smart city development experts. Trapezoidal fuzzy analytical hierarchical process shows better stability than a triangular one. Both approaches assign priority to the strategy, but the interval approach gives a more significant rank to architectural heritage factors. The similarity of the proposed methods has been tested, and the similarity factor in the ranking indicates a high degree of similarity in comparing the reference rankings.

Previous initiatives developed for the purpose of designing and the realization of a smart, sustainable city have shown that there is no single approach to make a city “smarter” and more sustainable. Each city represents a unique system where different stakeholders, local authorities, utility companies, and citizens undertake numerous activities, creating a matrix of interactions and interdependencies. In order to understand the ecological and social contexts of the city, as well as its priority activities, history, and specific features, the establishment of an appropriate methodology to support the establishment of a sustainable and smart city has become extremely important. Our research aims to explore key indicators in the development of the concept of the smart city in Serbia, and to assess the prioritization of activities. An integral approach based on a mathematical method a hybrid fuzzy Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model based on Interval type-2 fuzzy sets classifies the whole system through different criteria and sub-criteria while respecting the experts’ opinions. The aim is to offer modelled solutions for our country integrated with the EU by smart cities.

Areas of disused military barracks are commonly exploited as a land resource that is attractive for redevelopment, within the urban city area. Their commercial potential is high on the list of attractiveness, primarily based on the value of the site?s disposition, size, and capacity for redevelopment in terms of rebuilding. Contemporary architectural practice is often directed towards urban redevelopment projects in military areas whose position and other characteristics are valued by investors as crucial commercial benefits. These sites may be places of tangible cultural heritage based on recognized architectural heritage and social memory. The paper presents a comparative study of the redevelopment of two former military barracks in Nis - Bubanjski Heroji and Filip Kljajic. These sites share the same disposition within the city but diverge in terms of their size, historical importance, and discourse of redevelopment. The comparison is presented from four perspectives: planning, built heritage, public perception, and cultural meaning. By examining the transformation of the complexes, the paper aims to perform a critical review which compares the reality of urban transformations in Serbia with the theoretical background and current urban regeneration policies promoted worldwide. This paper exploits the HUL approach, an integrated approach to urban management promoted by UNESCO, by extracting and analyzing four principles: the historical layering of cultural and natural heritage and attributes, dynamic character of urban space, promotion of social diversity, and balanced relation between artificial and natural. The conclusions highlight the difference between the local practices of commercially- and heritage-led redevelopment in order to suggest some improvements for similar redevelopment projects in the future.

Buildings preservation by the conversion of their function has become a domain of interest in the field of industrial heritage. Due to the need to expand existing housing capacities in urban areas, a large number of industrial buildings are nowadays converted into multi-family and single-family housing. The paper deals with the analysis of the functional and aesthetic internal transformation of industrial into housing spaces. The research goal is to determine the principles of conceptualization of housing functional plan within the framework of the original physical structure of the industrial building, at the architectonic composition level and housing unit (dwelling) level. Besides, the paper aims to check the existence of common patterns of the aesthetic transformation of converted spaces, examined through three epochs of the development of industrial architecture: the second half of the XIX century, the first half of the XX century and the post-WWII period.

This paper deals with the color theory and the application of this theory in architectural design. Since the modernist architects and modern era in architecture, the colors of the buildings were not in the focus of their authors. On the contrary, the modern movement has taught us that color, and especially artificial one, is almost a crime to use and in a way, it expresses a lack of a style. Through examining universal color harmony principles in this paper the problem and phenomenon of using colors in contemporary architecture was discussed, which had its roots in the modern movement and evolved through technological advance especially in material technology. The industrial architecture is used as an example, to narrow down the research field, but also for the reasons of extensive and creative use of color in this type of buildings. We have examined several industrial buildings that have been systematized into three categories. All three categories are analyzed for the application of general color harmony principles. Then discussion focuses on refining principles of color usage in architecture that appear in contemporary architecture in order to systematize those principles, particularly important for architectural education and new practitioners of architecture. In conclusion, it is stated that universal color harmony principles are applicable in architecture as well, as in other visual arts.