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Ms. Ha Kyung Lee
E&C Technology

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Master of Environmental Engineering Graduated from Ewha Womans University

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Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The response of the phenological events of individual species to climate change is not isolated, but is connected through interaction with other species at the same or adjacent trophic level. Using long-term phenological data observed since 1976 in Korea, whose temperature has risen more steeply than the average global temperature, this study conducted phenological analysis (differences in the phenology of groups, differences in phenological shifts due to climate change, differences in phenological sensitivity to climate by groups, and the change of phenological day differences among interacting groups). The phenological shift of the producer group (plants) was found to be negative in all researched species, which means that it blooms quickly over the years. The regression slope of consumers (primary consumers and secondary consumers) was generally positive which means that the phenological events of these species tended to be later during the study period. The inter-regional deviation of phenological events was not large for any plant except for plum tree and Black locust. In addition, regional variations in high trophic levels of secondary consumers tended to be greater than that of producers and primary consumers. Among the studied species, plum was the most sensitive to temperature, and when the temperature rose by 1 °C, the flowering time of plum decreased by 7.20 days. As a result of checking the day differences in the phenological events of the interacting species, the phenological events of species were reversed, and butterflies have appeared earlier than plum, Korean forsythia, and Korean rosebay since 1990. Using long-term data from Korea, this study investigated differences in phenological reactions among trophic groups. There is a possibility of a phenological mismatch between trophic groups in the future if global warming continues due to differences in sensitivity to climate and phenological shifts between trophic levels.

ACS Style

MinKyung Kim; Sojeong Lee; Hakyung Lee; Sangdon Lee. Phenological Response in the Trophic Levels to Climate Change in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1086 .

AMA Style

MinKyung Kim, Sojeong Lee, Hakyung Lee, Sangdon Lee. Phenological Response in the Trophic Levels to Climate Change in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

MinKyung Kim; Sojeong Lee; Hakyung Lee; Sangdon Lee. 2021. "Phenological Response in the Trophic Levels to Climate Change in Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1086.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Information on the phenological shift of plants can be used to detect climate change and predict changes in the ecosystem. In this study, the changes in first flowering dates (FFDs) of the plum tree (Prunus mume), Korean forsythia (Forsythia koreana), Korean rosebay (Rhododendron mucronulatum), cherry tree (Prunus yedoensis), and peach tree (Prunus persica) in Korea during 1920–2019 were investigated. In addition, the changes in the climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) and their relationship with the FFDs were analyzed. The changes in the temperature and precipitation during the January–February–March period and the phenological shifts of all research species during 1920–2019 indicate that warm and dry spring weather advances the FFDs. Moreover, the temperature has a greater impact on this phenological shift than precipitation. Earlier flowering species are more likely to advance their FFDs than later flowering species. Hence, the temporal asynchrony among plant species will become worse with climate change. In addition, the FFDs in 2100 were predicted based on representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. The difference between the predicted FFDs of the RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0 for 2100 was significant; the effectiveness of greenhouse gas policies will presumably determine the degree of the plant phenological shift in the future. Furthermore, we presented the predicted FFDs for 2100.

ACS Style

Ha Lee; So Lee; Min Kim; Sang Lee. Prediction of Plant Phenological Shift under Climate Change in South Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9276 .

AMA Style

Ha Lee, So Lee, Min Kim, Sang Lee. Prediction of Plant Phenological Shift under Climate Change in South Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ha Lee; So Lee; Min Kim; Sang Lee. 2020. "Prediction of Plant Phenological Shift under Climate Change in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9276.