In order to enhance the vibration isolation effectiveness of an underwater vehicle power plant, and alleviate the mechanical vibration of the outer housing, initially discrete vibration isolators were improved, and three new types of ring vibration isolators designed, i.e., ring metal rubber isolators, magnesium alloy isolators and modified ultra-high polyethylene isolators (MUHP). A vibrator excitation test was carried out, and the isolation effectiveness of the three types of vibration isolators was evaluated, adopting insertion loss and vibration energy level drop. The results showed that compared with the initial isolators and the other two new types of isolators, MUHP showed the most significant vibration isolation effectiveness. Furthermore, its effectiveness was verified by a power vibration test of the power plant. To improve the vibration isolation effectiveness, in addition to vibration isolators, it is essential to carry out investigations on high-impedance housings.

Liquid microlenses and their arrays (LMLAs) have emerged as a transformative platform in adaptive optics, offering superior reconfigurability, compactness, and fast response compared to conventional solid-state lenses. This review summarizes recent progress from an application-oriented perspective, focusing on actuation mechanisms, fabrication strategies, and functional performance. Among actuation mechanisms, electric-field-driven approaches are highlighted, including electrowetting for shape tuning and liquid crystal-based refractive-index tuning techniques. The former excels in tuning range and response speed, whereas the latter enables programmable wavefront control with lower optical aberrations but limited efficiency. Notably, double-emulsion configurations, with fast interfacial actuation and inherent structural stability, demonstrate great potential for highly integrated optical components. Fabrication methodologies—including semiconductor-derived processes, additive manufacturing, and dynamic molding—are evaluated, revealing trade-offs among scalability, structural complexity, and cost. Functionally, advances in focal length tuning, field-of-view expansion, depth-of-field extension, and aberration correction have been achieved, though strong coupling among these parameters still constrains system-level performance. Looking forward, innovations in functional materials, hybrid fabrication, and computational imaging are expected to mitigate these constraints. These developments will accelerate applications in microscopy, endoscopy, AR/VR displays, industrial inspection, and machine vision, while paving the way for intelligent photonic systems that integrate adaptive optics with machine learning for real-time control.

This paper proposes a novel method for three-dimensional (3D) temperature measurement using light field colorimetric thermometry, aiming to overcome the challenges associated with the intricate system structure and the limited availability of 3D information in traditional radiation temperature measurement methods. Firstly, the correlation between corresponding image points and the positions of 3D object in the light field image system is analyzed using the ray tracing method. The 3D position acquisition model and the light field colorimetric thermometry model are established, enabling simultaneous acquisition of the spatial coordinates and radiometric information of the 3D object. Then, the light field camera radiation calibration experiment was conducted, and the 3D temperature field will be obtained by employing colorimetric thermometry for each corresponding image point of the same object point. Finally, the experiment employed a light field camera for temperature measurement and reconstruction of candle flames. The accuracy of the temperature measurement is 3.31%, thus confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

To control the spatial placement and organize micro/nanodroplets (NDs) has fundamental importance both in science and engineering. Cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) droplets with topological diversity can offer many self-assembly modalities to arrange guest NDs in their spherical confinement; however, limited progress has been achieved due to difficulties of loading NDs into stabilized host droplets. Here, a laser injection technique is introduced, through which a controlled number of NDs were injected from a pre-selected location onto the surface of the host droplet. The sequentially injected NDs spontaneously drifted toward areas with topological defects and self-assembled along its geometry or local director field into a predefined shape. Within CLC droplets with different topological structures, guest NDs self-assembled near areas with defect points as twisting radial chains and quill-like assembly structures, and along defect lines as discrete beads and helical threads, respectively. The injection speed of the NDs, controlled by laser power, was found to play a key role in the assembly geometry of NDs as well as the internal structure of the CLC droplet processed. This study expands our abilities to precisely organize NDs in a spherical confinement and such droplet-based microsystems have potential applications for sensors, photonic devices, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.

The precise matching of the optical system and the detector has attracted more and more attention to satisfy requirements of future infrared (IR) imaging systems, both for miniaturization and long-distance detection. Considering the trade-off between the spatial resolution and the sensitivity, this paper proposes a general optimization method, which can optimize parameters of the IR imaging system automatically by modifying $\lambda \text{F}$ /d. Firstly, on the basis of the trade-off between the spatial transfer characteristics and the spatial sampling characteristics, we establish a more accurate minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) model, and analyze the coupling relationship between the optical system and the detector under the optimum MRTD. Secondly, we analyze the relationship between parameters of the IR imaging system and MRTD model, and propose a trade-off optimization approach of the IR imaging system. Finally, this paper verifies the rationality of the optimization method by optimizing CA-295 system. The trade-off optimization method proposed in this paper can not only satisfy the design requirement, but also reduce the size, weight, power consumption and cost (SWaP$) of IR imaging systems.