The ability to attract and retain the talents is an important factor in the competitiveness of countries, as it is confirmed in our study. At the level of small and medium-sized enterprises, hiring and retaining skilled workers is one of the most difficult tasks of HR management, especially in transition economies with a high intensity of “leaching out” the skilled workers due to labour migration. Our research in Ukraine, which is a prime example of such countries, conducted via the cluster analysis allows us to conclude that the problems of hiring and retaining skilled workers have some connection with profitability: there is almost always a problem with filling vacancies with people of all educational levels in unprofitable enterprises, which is not typical of profitable businesses. The main problems with filling vacancies according to employers’ estimations are: 1) market factors – shortage of employees with the required skills; 2) internal problems of ensuring the attractiveness of jobs (material – pay, and intangible – career prospects, flexible working hours, legal employment); 3) internal factors of inefficient HR management, including recruiting; 4) psycho-physiological factors of job satisfaction. However, there are no close links between the factors of hiring effectiveness and retention of skilled workers with the economic success of the organization in the form of the growth of assets, revenues and stuff. This leads to the conclusion that the practices of human resources management in small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine are largely built chaotic, without analyzing the impact on the efficiency of the use of other resources and without providing links with the overall economic efficiency of enterprises.

This study aims to evaluate social integration and obstacles for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in local communities for further improvement of governing local communities regarding the integration of IDPs in new surroundings. The expert sample included 38 representatives of relevant authorities, scientists, NGOs, and volunteer organizations from 11 Ukrainian regions. The survey was conducted using the online questionnaire method via Google Forms. The results show the low participation of IDPs in most political and civil activities in new communities. The level of social integration according to these criteria is, respectively, 3.0 and 3.2 points out of 6 possible. At the same time, the level of economic integration (3.7 points) and integration into cultural and sports initiatives (3.6 points) are comparatively high, which are a feature illustrating the readiness to be involved in some kinds of activities in a new community. A significant result is also the fact that according to most signs of social integration, in the evaluations of experts, there are assessments of the activity of IDPs at a level that exceeds the activity of residents (6 points). Such results indicate the existence of a resource for developing communities due to the use of the potential of IDPs. This is especially characteristic of activities in counteraction to russian aggression, involvement in grant and project activities, search for opportunities for legal income, and support of social justice principles in labor relations. AcknowledgmentThis study is funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine under project No.2021.01/0343 “Ensuring social protection of ATO/JFO participants and social integration of IDP under the condition of increasing threats to social security.”

The relevance of the article lies in the need to ensure flexibility, a state-building function and a function of fair distribution of educational support for veterans, the number of whom has increased with the beginning of the full-scale war in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the mechanisms of educational support for veterans of Ukraine and the USA, carried out by logical generalization and comparison of legislative norms. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was found that the mechanisms of both countries, although poorly developed in Ukraine, are similar in the areas of support spending, types of training programs and rights of children of veterans. The remaining characteristics of the mechanism are completely different. Therefore, the Ukrainian mechanism is less flexible and does not sufficiently meet the modern needs of society. As a result of scientific abstraction, it was determined that in both countries the legislation on educational support for veterans fulfills economic, social, psychological, and cultural functions and facilitates veterans’ reintegration into society after demobilization; however, in Ukraine these functions are implemented with significant limitations. In addition, educational support in the USA also has a clearly expressed state-building function and a function of fair distribution, which are not developed in Ukraine. To increase the effectiveness of the Ukrainian mechanism of educational support, it is proposed to supplement it with such components as differentiated grants, the purchase of any educational services recognized by the Ministry of Veterans Affairs of Ukraine, co-financing of education by educational institutions, employers, and the veterans themselves, unlimited terms for using the assistance, and the transfer of assistance to spouses. To attract and retain human capital in the defense forces, the amount of educational support should be made dependent on the term of military service. Such an approach will also make it possible to ensure distributive justice of support: the longer the service, the greater the losses and the restrictions associated with it, the greater the support as compensation. To reduce costs, it is worth considering automating the process of assigning assistance.

The article proposes a model of deterministic factor analysis, which allows to assess the impact on the profitability of all enterprise’s activities of the production resources’ productivity as well as indicators of the income’s and expenses’ structure of the enterprise. As a result of applying this model for factor analysis, it is possible to justify ways to increase the profitability of the enterprise in view of its various activities. The dynamics of profitability of all and operational activities in construction enterprises of Ukraine for 2010-2020 is analyzed. The comparison of these indicators with the corresponding indicators characterizing the average enterprise in the economy of Ukraine is made. The analysis of profitability of all construction enterprise’s activities in view of specificity for their basic activity and size is carried out. It was found that construction companies, with the exception of 2018 and 2019, operated inefficiently, receiving a net loss. Such financial results are much worse than the average enterprises’ results in Ukraine. Although operating activities were profitable, they did not reach the average values ​​in the Ukrainian economy. Enterprises engaged in the organization or direct construction of buildings and communications were the least efficient. Small businesses were more likely to suffer losses than large and medium-sized ones. On the basis of the model proposed in the article by the method of chain substitutions, a deterministic factor analysis of the profitability of all construction enterprises’ activities for 2014-2020 was carried out. It is established that the production resources’ productivity of this type of activity decreased annually during the analyzed period, except for 2016. The total reduction in production resources’ productivity was 0.216 UAH / UAH. It is concluded that this factor was a stable reserve for increasing profitability. It is concluded that in order to increase the profitability of all activities in construction enterprises of Ukraine, it is important to manage the production resources’ productivity.