Understanding how nutrients accumulate and change throughout the developmental stages according to the BBCH scale can be a very effective technique for developing fertilization programmes for high-quality, marketable grape production. Accordingly, the macro- and micronutrient concentrations at different growth stages were analyzed for two commercial grape cultivars, viz., “Anab-e-Shahi” and “Perlette”, by using an extended BBCH scale. The results show nitrogen content was reduced during the sampling period (D1 to D6) from 1.76 percent to 1.09 percent. Potassium concentration in developing berries kept on increasing from 0.15%, at principal growth stage 7 with BBCH code 73 (D1), to 0.26% at principal growth stage 8 code 89 (D6). The lowest phosphorus content of 253.88 ppm and the highest of 338.43 ppm were found in growth stages D1 and D6, respectively. The berry Ca however showed an increase first and thereafter decreased to 225.18 ppm at harvest. Mg content also recorded a similar trend from stages D1 to D6 of the BBCH scale and decreased to 116.08 ppm at D6. B and Cu concentrations increased from D1 to D6, and Mn and Zn increased first and decreased thereafter until harvest. No specific trend was recorded in Fe concentration. The concentration of nutrients in berries at different developmental stages can be used as the standard reference for growing berries using proper fertilization.

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) represent the backbone of India’s pluralistic agricultural extension system, with a mandate extending beyond technology dissemination to include demand assessment, feedback generation and adaptive learning. Demand-driven extension is fundamental to the effectiveness of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), yet systematic analysis of farmer participation data is rarely undertaken for scientific evaluation. The present study analysed four years (2021–2024) of training programmes conducted by Horticulture Scientists at ICAR–KVK Baramulla to assess farmer participation as a proxy indicator of extension demand, thematic relevance and delivery effectiveness. Secondary data on the number of trainings, delivery mode (on-campus/off-campus), thematic focus and participant strength were analysed using descriptive statistics and trend analysis. Results revealed a consistent increase in farmer participation over the study period, with off-campus programmes exhibiting higher participation density than on-campus trainings. Horticulture-centric themes, particularly high-density apple plantation, plant protection and climate-responsive practices, dominated farmer participation. The study demonstrates that participation-based analytics offer a simple yet robust framework for evidence-based extension planning.