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Norhan Nady
Polymeric Materials Research Department, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt

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Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Polymers
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In this work, a novel polymeric membrane was innovated in terms of composition and preparation techniques. A blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PcH) and poly(ethersulfone) (PES) (18 wt.% total polymer concentration) was prepared using a N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvents mixture, while Lithium chloride (0.05–0.5 wt.%) was used as an additive. The electrospinning and phase inversion techniques were used together to obtain a novel membrane structure. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope imaging, energy dispersive X-Ray, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance analyses. Moreover, the static water contact angle, membrane thickness, porosity, surface roughness as well as water vapor permeability were determined. ImageJ software was used to estimate the average fiber diameter. Additionally, the effect of the change of PcH concentration and coagulation bath temperature on the properties of the fabricated membrane was studied. The novel developed membrane has shown a good efficiency in terms of properties and features, as a membrane suitable for membrane distillation (MD); a high porosity (84.4% ± 0.6), hydrophobic surface (136.39° ± 3.1 static water contact angle), and a water vapor permeability of around 4.37 × 10−5 g·m/m2·day·Pa were obtained. The prepared membrane can be compared to the MD membranes commercially available in terms of properties and economic value.

ACS Style

Norhan Nady; Noha Salem; Sherif. Kandil. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/Poly(ethersulfone) Blend Membrane Fabricated Using an Innovative Method of Mixing Electrospinning and Phase Inversion. Polymers 2021, 13, 790 .

AMA Style

Norhan Nady, Noha Salem, Sherif. Kandil. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/Poly(ethersulfone) Blend Membrane Fabricated Using an Innovative Method of Mixing Electrospinning and Phase Inversion. Polymers. 2021; 13 (5):790.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady; Noha Salem; Sherif. Kandil. 2021. "Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/Poly(ethersulfone) Blend Membrane Fabricated Using an Innovative Method of Mixing Electrospinning and Phase Inversion." Polymers 13, no. 5: 790.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2020 in Membranes
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In this work, the efficiency of a conventional chlorination pretreatment is compared with a novel modified low-fouling polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, in terms of bacteria attachment and membrane biofouling reduction. This study highlights the use of membrane modification as an effective strategy to reduce bacterial attachment, which is the initial step of biofilm formation, rather than using antimicrobial agents that can enhance bacterial regrowth. The obtained results revealed that the filtration of pretreated, inoculated seawater using the modified PES UF membrane without the pre-chlorination step maintained the highest initial flux (3.27 ± 0.13 m3·m−2·h−1) in the membrane, as well as having one and a half times higher water productivity than the unmodified membrane. The highest removal of bacterial cells was achieved by the modified membrane without chlorination, in which about 12.07 × 104 and 8.9 × 104 colony-forming unit (CFU) m−2 bacterial cells were retained on the unmodified and modified membrane surfaces, respectively, while 29.4 × 106 and 0.42 × 106 CFU mL-1 reached the filtrate for the unmodified and modified membranes, respectively. The use of chlorine disinfectant resulted in significant bacterial regrowth.

ACS Style

Norhan Nady; Noha Salem; Ranya Amer; Ahmed El-Shazly; Sherif H. Kandil; Mohamed Salah El-Din Hassouna. Comparison between a Conventional Anti-Biofouling Compound and a Novel Modified Low-Fouling Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane: Bacterial Anti-Attachment, Water Quality and Productivity. Membranes 2020, 10, 227 .

AMA Style

Norhan Nady, Noha Salem, Ranya Amer, Ahmed El-Shazly, Sherif H. Kandil, Mohamed Salah El-Din Hassouna. Comparison between a Conventional Anti-Biofouling Compound and a Novel Modified Low-Fouling Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane: Bacterial Anti-Attachment, Water Quality and Productivity. Membranes. 2020; 10 (9):227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady; Noha Salem; Ranya Amer; Ahmed El-Shazly; Sherif H. Kandil; Mohamed Salah El-Din Hassouna. 2020. "Comparison between a Conventional Anti-Biofouling Compound and a Novel Modified Low-Fouling Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane: Bacterial Anti-Attachment, Water Quality and Productivity." Membranes 10, no. 9: 227.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2020 in Materials Science and Engineering: B
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This article highlights the advance of the radiation synthesis of starch-based hydrogel to be used as a soil conditioner. The hydrogels samples have been prepared in weight ratios 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 (wt:wt) for starch (St), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and acrylamide (Am), individually. At dose of 30 kGy, the polymerization reaction is occurred to produce IPN hydrogels using gamma irradiation technique. The impact of starch content on the behavior of swelling and water absorption from moisture soil for the (PAAm/PVP), (PAAm/St) and (PVP/St) INP hydrogels was investigated. The chemical composition and morphology of the (PVP/PAAm), (PAAm/St) and (PVP/St) IPN is described using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm the effect of starch on the crystanillity of (PAAm/St) and (PVP/St) INP hydrogels. The result indicated that, the degree of swelling of the IPN hydrogels decreases with increased starch content. This is attributing to the existence of intra- and inter-molecular H bonds in the IPN hydrogels are increased with increased starch content as performed by FT-IR. Three soil conditioners of ratio PVP/St, PAAm/St and PVP/PAAm INP hydrogels (3/1) were chosen to determine the effectiveness of heavy metals and alkaline soil pH > 9 for sunflower plating (Helianthusannuus). The treatments were irrigated weekly, the obtained result showed that the effectiveness of soil conditioner is in this order: PVP/PAAm > control > PVP/St > PAAm/St.

ACS Style

Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy; H. Abd El-Wahab; Mohamed A. Ismail; A.M. Naser; Farag Abdelhai; Basem Kh. El-Damhougy; Norhan Nady; Abeer S. Meganid; Sheikha A. Alkhursani. Characterization of Starch-based three components of gamma-ray cross-linked hydrogels to be used as a soil conditioner. Materials Science and Engineering: B 2020, 260, 114645 .

AMA Style

Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy, H. Abd El-Wahab, Mohamed A. Ismail, A.M. Naser, Farag Abdelhai, Basem Kh. El-Damhougy, Norhan Nady, Abeer S. Meganid, Sheikha A. Alkhursani. Characterization of Starch-based three components of gamma-ray cross-linked hydrogels to be used as a soil conditioner. Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2020; 260 ():114645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy; H. Abd El-Wahab; Mohamed A. Ismail; A.M. Naser; Farag Abdelhai; Basem Kh. El-Damhougy; Norhan Nady; Abeer S. Meganid; Sheikha A. Alkhursani. 2020. "Characterization of Starch-based three components of gamma-ray cross-linked hydrogels to be used as a soil conditioner." Materials Science and Engineering: B 260, no. : 114645.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Journal of Membrane Science
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Due to the given complexity and diversity of practical oily wastewater, developing highly-efficient separation materials with multifunctional and switchable separation property is urgently needed. To advance this emerging field, a functionalized surface silicification layer based Janus membrane with asymmetric wetting selectivity was developed onto the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate, via the hydrophobic 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFTS) modification (F–SiO2/PVDF) followed by a unilateral plasma-etching treatment (P–SiO2/PVDF). By precisely tuning the surface hierarchical nanosphere-like architecture of the silicification layer, a robust superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity, and underwater superoleophobicity/superhydrophilicity of F–SiO2/PVDF and P–SiO2/PVDF surfaces were obtained, reaching an extremely opposing surface wettability with a high water/underwater oil contact angle (CA) difference up to 150°. Based on the exceptionally asymmetric wetting selectivity incorporated with the ultrathin silicification layer (with the thickness of 15 nm), the as-developed Janus membrane achieved a remarkable separation property with the surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W), and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion permeances up to 7200 and 9300 Lm−2h−1bar−1, by accompanying with their high separation efficiencies up to 99.8% and 99.0%, respectively, which shows an overall oil/water separation property superior to the state-of-the-art Janus membranes reported so far. Moreover, it should be noted that the reusability of the Janus membrane also performed excellently, where a nearly 100% recovery ratio of permeating flux was obtained after several cycles of O/W and W/O emulsion filtration tests. Overall, this work provides a perspective to explore an asymmetric Janus membrane structure with promoted separation property for highly efficient oily wastewater treatment.

ACS Style

Yuqing Lin; Mohamed S. Salem; Lei Zhang; Qin Shen; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Norhan Nady; Hideto Matsuyama. Development of Janus membrane with controllable asymmetric wettability for highly-efficient oil/water emulsions separation. Journal of Membrane Science 2020, 606, 118141 .

AMA Style

Yuqing Lin, Mohamed S. Salem, Lei Zhang, Qin Shen, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Norhan Nady, Hideto Matsuyama. Development of Janus membrane with controllable asymmetric wettability for highly-efficient oil/water emulsions separation. Journal of Membrane Science. 2020; 606 ():118141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuqing Lin; Mohamed S. Salem; Lei Zhang; Qin Shen; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Norhan Nady; Hideto Matsuyama. 2020. "Development of Janus membrane with controllable asymmetric wettability for highly-efficient oil/water emulsions separation." Journal of Membrane Science 606, no. : 118141.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in Membranes
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In this work, a novel triple-layer nanocomposite membrane prepared with polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the primary bulk material and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) (PcH)/CNTs as the outer and inner surfaces of the membrane by using electrospinning method is introduced. Modified PES with CNTs was chosen as the bulk material of the triple-layer membrane to obtain a high porosity membrane. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the triple-layer membrane were coated with PcH/CNTs using electrospinning to get a triple-layer membrane with high total porosity and noticeable surface hydrophobicity. Combining both characteristics, next to an acceptable bulk hydrophobicity, resulted in a compelling membrane for membrane distillation (MD) applications. The prepared membrane was utilized in a direct contact MD system, and its performance was evaluated in different salt solution concentrations, feed velocities and feed solution temperatures. The results of the prepared membrane in this study were compared to those reported in previously published papers. Based on the evaluated membrane performance, the triple-layer nanocomposite membrane can be considered as a potential alternative with reasonable cost, relative to other MD membranes.

ACS Style

Mohamed Elmarghany; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Saeid Rajabzadeh; Mohamed S. Salem; Mahmoud A. Shouman; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Hideto Matsuyama; Norhan Nady. Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications. Membranes 2020, 10, 15 .

AMA Style

Mohamed Elmarghany, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Saeid Rajabzadeh, Mohamed S. Salem, Mahmoud A. Shouman, Mohamed Nabil Sabry, Hideto Matsuyama, Norhan Nady. Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications. Membranes. 2020; 10 (1):15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Elmarghany; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Saeid Rajabzadeh; Mohamed S. Salem; Mahmoud A. Shouman; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Hideto Matsuyama; Norhan Nady. 2020. "Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications." Membranes 10, no. 1: 15.

Review
Published: 19 July 2019 in Membranes
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Polymeric membranes have been widely employed for water purification applications. However, the trade-off issue between the selectivity and permeability has limited its use in various applications. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were introduced to overcome this limitation and to enhance the properties and performance of polymeric membranes by incorporation of fillers such as silica and zeolites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of hybrid inorganic–organic materials that are introduced as novel fillers for incorporation in polymeric matrix to form composite membranes for different applications especially water desalination. A major advantage of MOFs over other inorganic fillers is the possibility of preparing different structures with different pore sizes and functionalities, which are designed especially for a targeted application. Different MMMs fabrication techniques have also been investigated to fabricate MMMs with pronounced properties for a specific application. Synthesis techniques include blending, layer-by-layer (LBL), gelatin-assisted seed growth and in situ growth that proved to give the most homogenous dispersion of MOFs within the organic matrix. It was found that the ideal filler loading of MOFs in different polymeric matrices is 10%, increasing the filler loading beyond this value led to formation of aggregates that significantly decreased the MOFs-MMMs performance. Despite the many merits of MOFs-MMMs, the main challenge facing the upscaling and wide commercial application of MOFs-MMMs is the difficult synthesis conditions of the MOFs itself and the stability and sustainability of MOFs-MMMs performance. Investigation of new MOFs and MOFs-MMMs synthesis techniques should be carried out for further industrial applications. Among these new synthesis methods, green MOFs synthesis has been highlighted as low cost, renewable, environmentally friendly and recyclable starting materials for MOFs-MMMs. This paper will focus on the investigation of the effect of different recently introduced MOFs on the performance of MOFs-MMMs in water purification applications.

ACS Style

Asmaa Elrasheedy; Norhan Nady; Mohamed Bassyouni; Ahmed El-Shazly. Metal Organic Framework Based Polymer Mixed Matrix Membranes: Review on Applications in Water Purification. Membranes 2019, 9, 88 .

AMA Style

Asmaa Elrasheedy, Norhan Nady, Mohamed Bassyouni, Ahmed El-Shazly. Metal Organic Framework Based Polymer Mixed Matrix Membranes: Review on Applications in Water Purification. Membranes. 2019; 9 (7):88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asmaa Elrasheedy; Norhan Nady; Mohamed Bassyouni; Ahmed El-Shazly. 2019. "Metal Organic Framework Based Polymer Mixed Matrix Membranes: Review on Applications in Water Purification." Membranes 9, no. 7: 88.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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The aim of the present work is to investigate the performance of a newly fabricated membrane used for the membrane distillation process. Both titanium dioxide nanorods and multi-walled carbon nanotubes together were dispersed inside Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membrane. Both pure PVDF-HFP and its composite membrane with the two fillers together PVDF-HFP/TiO2-CNTs were fabricated using electrospinning technique and were imaged by using SEM. Both the fiber diameter and the average pore diameter were calculated by using ImageJ software. Static water contact angle, membrane porosity, liquid enter pressure were determined. Moreover, the membrane performance was determined by using membrane distillation (MD) system for desalination. The effect of the feed conditions such as feed temperature, flow rate, and salt concentration, were studied. The obtained results confirm the improvement in the membrane productivity up to 46% at 9000 ppm sodium chloride concentration and by about 13.7% than the pure polymeric membrane at the highest used feed sodium chloride concentration (36000 ppm).

ACS Style

Mohamed R. El-Marghany; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Norhan Nady. Novel Membrane Suitable for Membrane Distillation: Effect of Mixed Nanofillers on the Membrane Performance. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 801, 325 -330.

AMA Style

Mohamed R. El-Marghany, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem, Mohamed Nabil Sabry, Norhan Nady. Novel Membrane Suitable for Membrane Distillation: Effect of Mixed Nanofillers on the Membrane Performance. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 801 ():325-330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed R. El-Marghany; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Norhan Nady. 2019. "Novel Membrane Suitable for Membrane Distillation: Effect of Mixed Nanofillers on the Membrane Performance." Key Engineering Materials 801, no. : 325-330.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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In this paper, the effect of adding modified graphene nanoplatelets (MGNPs) as a filler on the characteristics and performance of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration was investigated. Both pure PVDF and PVDF/MGNPs composite (2%) membranes were fabricated by using electrospinning technique. The fabricated membranes were characterized using different analyses techniques such as SEM imaging, XRD analysis, static water contact angle as well as membrane porosity and liquid enter pressure measurements. Also, the average fiber diameter and the average membrane pore diameter were estimated using ImageJ software. The prepared PVDF/MGNPs composite membrane exhibited lower fiber diameter by about 5.7%, whereas the contact angle increased by 10 and liquid entry pressure increased by 11.7%. The membrane also showed an enhanced flux that reached about 19.8 kg/m2∙h at feed inlet temperature of 65°C, feed flow rate of 30 l/h. and feed inlet concentration of 10000 ppm. This represents about 13.46% improvement over the pure PVDF membrane at the same conditions. The produced membrane presents a viable alternative to commercial MD membranes.

ACS Style

Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Mohamed R. El-Marghany; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Norhan Nady. Effect of Adding Functionalized Graphene on the Performance of PVDF Membrane in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 801, 337 -342.

AMA Style

Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Mohamed R. El-Marghany, Mohamed Nabil Sabry, Norhan Nady. Effect of Adding Functionalized Graphene on the Performance of PVDF Membrane in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 801 ():337-342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Sameh Abdalghany Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Mohamed R. El-Marghany; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Norhan Nady. 2019. "Effect of Adding Functionalized Graphene on the Performance of PVDF Membrane in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation." Key Engineering Materials 801, no. : 337-342.

Short communication
Published: 28 January 2019 in Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques were implemented to develop a 3-D numerical model to investigate the effect of several inlet conditions on the heat and mass transfer through a commercial PTFE membrane in a specific direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) cell design. The model was validated against other researchers’ results and was found to have a good arrangement. The model was then used to predict the effects of changing the direction of the flow, inlet Reynolds number and feed inlet temperature on the permeate flux through the membrane and the process thermal efficiency. It has been found that changing the flow arrangement from parallel to counter flow slightly increased the permeate flux. Changing the inlet Reynolds number from 25 to 50 significantly increased the permeate flux and the process thermal efficiency, while raising it from 50 to 150 had little to no effect. It has also been found that increasing the feed inlet temperature from 303 K to 323 K almost tripled the permeate flux.

ACS Style

Mohamed S. Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Norhan Nady; Mohamed R. Elmarghany; Mahmoud A. Shouman; Mohamed Nabil Sabry. 3-D numerical investigation on commercial PTFE membranes for membrane distillation: Effect of inlet conditions on heat and mass transfer. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2019, 13, 100396 .

AMA Style

Mohamed S. Salem, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Norhan Nady, Mohamed R. Elmarghany, Mahmoud A. Shouman, Mohamed Nabil Sabry. 3-D numerical investigation on commercial PTFE membranes for membrane distillation: Effect of inlet conditions on heat and mass transfer. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2019; 13 ():100396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed S. Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Norhan Nady; Mohamed R. Elmarghany; Mahmoud A. Shouman; Mohamed Nabil Sabry. 2019. "3-D numerical investigation on commercial PTFE membranes for membrane distillation: Effect of inlet conditions on heat and mass transfer." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 13, no. : 100396.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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ACS Style

Mohamed S. Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Norhan Nady; Mohamed R. Elmarghany; Mohamed Nabil Sabry. PES/PVDF blend membrane and its composite with graphene nanoplates: preparation, characterization, and water desalination via membrane distillation. Desalination and Water Treatment 2019, 166, 9 -23.

AMA Style

Mohamed S. Salem, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Norhan Nady, Mohamed R. Elmarghany, Mohamed Nabil Sabry. PES/PVDF blend membrane and its composite with graphene nanoplates: preparation, characterization, and water desalination via membrane distillation. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2019; 166 ():9-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed S. Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Norhan Nady; Mohamed R. Elmarghany; Mohamed Nabil Sabry. 2019. "PES/PVDF blend membrane and its composite with graphene nanoplates: preparation, characterization, and water desalination via membrane distillation." Desalination and Water Treatment 166, no. : 9-23.

Short communication
Published: 22 December 2018 in Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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In this work, thermal analysis evaluation for a membrane distillation (MD) system is experimentally calculated. Variable feed flow rates and feed temperatures are investigated by calculating the thermal efficiency, gained output ratio and specific energy consumption. The increase in the feed flow rate resulted in increasing the thermal efficiency by 97% and the gained output ratio from 0.31 to 0.60, while the specific energy consumption decreased from 2064 to 1037 kWh/m3. Enhanced thermal performance can be attributed to the turbulence flow and the short residence time due to the increased flow rate. On the other hand, increasing the feed temperature affect negatively on the thermal performance due to heat loss from the membrane cell to the ambient. An increasing in the feed temperature leads to the higher temperature difference between the cell and the ambient that decreased the thermal efficiency up to 34% and the gained output ratio from 0.96 to 0.6, while the specific energy consumption increased from 689 to 1037 kWh/m3.

ACS Style

Mohamed R. Elmarghany; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Mohamed S. Salem; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Norhan Nady. Thermal analysis evaluation of direct contact membrane distillation system. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2018, 13, 100377 .

AMA Style

Mohamed R. Elmarghany, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Mohamed S. Salem, Mohamed Nabil Sabry, Norhan Nady. Thermal analysis evaluation of direct contact membrane distillation system. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2018; 13 ():100377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed R. Elmarghany; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Mohamed S. Salem; Mohamed Nabil Sabry; Norhan Nady. 2018. "Thermal analysis evaluation of direct contact membrane distillation system." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 13, no. : 100377.

Original paper
Published: 14 July 2018 in Journal of Polymers and the Environment
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A novel approach is developed for preparing a highly porous super absorbent hydrogel (SAH). Synthetic and natural hydrogel based acrylamide (Am) and gelatin (G) were polymerized and crosslinked by gamma radiation. Three hydrogels compositions have been prepared in weight ratio 1:2, 1.5:1.5 and 2:1 (wt:wt) for 30% PAAM/G and exposed to gamma radiation at dose of 30 kGy. The effect of chemical modifications on increasing the swelling power of polyacrylamide gelatin (PAAM/G) has been evaluated. The alkaline hydrolysis of PAAM/G hydrogel with concentrated NaOH converts amid groups CONH2 to carboxylic groups COONa. The modified hydrogels will take the codes PAAM-COOH/G, PAAM-COONa/G and PAAM-COOK/G that dramatically increased the degree of swelling from 220 to 720 (g/g). Furthermore, studies on the slow release ability of three kinds of fertilizer (K, P and urea) loaded on modified PAAM-COOH/G and evaluated the ability of SAH hydrogels to absorb and then gradually release water and fertilizer. A mathematical model for fertilizer release from PAAM-COOK/G was applied to calculate the diffusion coefficient D. The main aim of this article is performed the effect of soil amendment with PAAM-COOK/G on eliminating water stress was tested for bean plant (Vicia faba) irrigation cycles in drought-prone environments. The growth of bean plant was monitored by measuring the highest and size of leaves and bean seed. The effect of water stress was monitored also, by measuring the intensity of chlorophyll for both SAH and control soil. The results indicated that the chemical modification of (PAAM/G) into (PAAM-COOK/G) could greatly improve water absorbency. The experimental data indicated that the SAH has a positive effect to use as fertilizers carrier and soil conditioner.

ACS Style

Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy; Basem Kh. El-Damhougy; Norhan Nady; H. Abd El-Wahab; A. M. Naser; Farag Abdelhai. Radiation Crosslinking of Modifying Super Absorbent (Polyacrylamide/Gelatin) Hydrogel as Fertilizers Carrier and Soil Conditioner. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2018, 26, 3981 -3994.

AMA Style

Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy, Basem Kh. El-Damhougy, Norhan Nady, H. Abd El-Wahab, A. M. Naser, Farag Abdelhai. Radiation Crosslinking of Modifying Super Absorbent (Polyacrylamide/Gelatin) Hydrogel as Fertilizers Carrier and Soil Conditioner. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2018; 26 (9):3981-3994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy; Basem Kh. El-Damhougy; Norhan Nady; H. Abd El-Wahab; A. M. Naser; Farag Abdelhai. 2018. "Radiation Crosslinking of Modifying Super Absorbent (Polyacrylamide/Gelatin) Hydrogel as Fertilizers Carrier and Soil Conditioner." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 9: 3981-3994.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2018 in Membranes
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In this work, a chitosan–gelatin–ferulic acid blend was used in different ratios for preparing novel films that can be used in biomedical applications. Both acetic and formic acid were tested as solvents for the chitosan–gelatin–ferulic acid blend. Glycerol was tested as a plasticizer. The thickness, mechanical strength, static water contact angle and water uptake of the prepared films were determined. Also, the prepared films were characterized using different analysis techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Acetic acid produced continuous compact surfaces that are not recommended for testing in biomedical applications. The plasticized chitosan–gelatin–ferulic acid blend, using formic acid solvent, produced novel hexagonal porous films with a pore size of around 10–14 µm. This blend is recommended for preparing films (scaffolds) for testing in biomedical applications as it has the advantage of a decreased thickness.

ACS Style

Norhan Nady; Sherif H. Kandil. Novel Blend for Producing Porous Chitosan-Based Films Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Membranes 2018, 8, 2 .

AMA Style

Norhan Nady, Sherif H. Kandil. Novel Blend for Producing Porous Chitosan-Based Films Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Membranes. 2018; 8 (1):2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady; Sherif H. Kandil. 2018. "Novel Blend for Producing Porous Chitosan-Based Films Suitable for Biomedical Applications." Membranes 8, no. 1: 2.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
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ACS Style

Norhan Nady; Noha Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Hesham M. Soliman; Sherif H. Kandil. Fouling-resistant brush-like oligomers of poly(3-aminophenol). DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2017, 73, 237 -248.

AMA Style

Norhan Nady, Noha Salem, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Hesham M. Soliman, Sherif H. Kandil. Fouling-resistant brush-like oligomers of poly(3-aminophenol). DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2017; 73 ():237-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady; Noha Salem; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Hesham M. Soliman; Sherif H. Kandil. 2017. "Fouling-resistant brush-like oligomers of poly(3-aminophenol)." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 73, no. : 237-248.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2016 in Polymers
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Surface modification becomes an effective tool for improvement of both flux and selectivity of membrane by reducing the adsorption of the components of the fluid used onto its surface. A successful green modification of poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes using ortho-aminophenol (2-AP) modifier and laccase enzyme biocatalyst under very flexible conditions is presented in this paper. The modified PES membranes were evaluated using many techniques including total color change, pure water flux, and protein repellence that were related to the gravimetric grafting yield. In addition, static water contact angle on laminated PES layers were determined. Blank and modified commercial membranes (surface and cross-section) and laminated PES layers (surface) were imaged by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and scanning probe microscope (SPM) to illustrate the formed modifying poly(2-aminophenol) layer(s). This green modification resulted in an improvement of both membrane flux and protein repellence, up to 15.4% and 81.27%, respectively, relative to the blank membrane.

ACS Style

Norhan Nady; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Hesham M. A. Soliman; Sherif H. Kandil. Protein-Repellence PES Membranes Using Bio-grafting of Ortho-aminophenol. Polymers 2016, 8, 306 .

AMA Style

Norhan Nady, Ahmed H. El-Shazly, Hesham M. A. Soliman, Sherif H. Kandil. Protein-Repellence PES Membranes Using Bio-grafting of Ortho-aminophenol. Polymers. 2016; 8 (8):306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady; Ahmed H. El-Shazly; Hesham M. A. Soliman; Sherif H. Kandil. 2016. "Protein-Repellence PES Membranes Using Bio-grafting of Ortho-aminophenol." Polymers 8, no. 8: 306.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2016 in Membranes
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A major limitation in using membrane-based separation processes is the loss of performance due to membrane fouling. This drawback can be addressed thanks to surface modification treatments. A new and promising surface modification using green chemistry has been recently investigated. This modification is carried out at room temperature and in aqueous medium using green catalyst (enzyme) and nontoxic modifier, which can be safely labelled “green surface modification”. This modification can be considered as a nucleus of new generation of antifouling membranes and surfaces. In the current research, ferulic acid modifier and laccase bio-catalyst were used to make poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membrane less vulnerable to protein adsorption. The blank and modified PES membranes are evaluated based on e.g., their flux and protein repellence. Both the blank and the modified PES membranes (or laminated PES on silicon dioxide surface) are characterized using many techniques e.g., SEM, EDX, XPS and SPM, etc. The pure water flux of the most modified membranes was reduced by 10% on average relative to the blank membrane, and around a 94% reduction in protein adsorption was determined. In the conclusions section, a comparison between three modifiers—ferulic acid, and two other previously used modifiers (4-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid)—is presented.

ACS Style

Norhan Nady. PES Surface Modification Using Green Chemistry: New Generation of Antifouling Membranes. Membranes 2016, 6, 23 .

AMA Style

Norhan Nady. PES Surface Modification Using Green Chemistry: New Generation of Antifouling Membranes. Membranes. 2016; 6 (2):23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady. 2016. "PES Surface Modification Using Green Chemistry: New Generation of Antifouling Membranes." Membranes 6, no. 2: 23.

Research article
Published: 10 March 2016 in International Journal of Photoenergy
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TiO2 immobilized on polyethylene (PET) nonwoven sheet was used in the solar photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). TiO2 Evonik Aeroxide P25 was used in this study. The amount of loaded TiO2 on PET was approximately 24%. Immobilization of TiO2 on PET was conducted by dip coating process followed by exposing to mild heat and pressure. TiO2/PET sheets were wrapped on removable Teflon rods inside home-made bench-scale recirculating flow Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) photoreactor prototype (platform 0.7 × 0.2 × 0.4 m3). CPC photoreactor is made up of seven low iron borosilicate glass tubes connected in series. CPC reflectors are made of stainless steel 304. The prototype was mounted on a platform tilted at 30°N local latitude in Cairo. A centrifugal pump was used to circulate water containing methylene blue (MB) dye inside the glass tubes. Efficient photocatalytic degradation of MB using TiO2/PET was achieved upon the exposure to direct sunlight. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyses reveal the complete mineralization of MB. Durability of TiO2/PET composite was also tested under sunlight irradiation. Results indicate only 6% reduction in the amount of TiO2 after seven cycles. No significant change was observed for the physicochemical characteristics of TiO2/PET after the successive irradiation processes.1. IntroductionSemiconductor photocatalysis is a fast growing area in terms of both research and commercial activities [1]. In recent years, supported TiO2 materials have been widely studied for the application on both indoor and outdoor air and water purification [2–5] disinfection and antibacteria [6, 7], as well as self-cleaning surface [8, 9].Generally, photocatalytic oxidation follows the absorption of energy photons by semiconductors such as TiO2. Each photon should have energy () more than or equal to the bandgap energy of TiO2. The absorbed photon then promotes the excitation of electron (e−) from valence band to conduction band. The generated electrons on conduction band and holes on valence band (h+) would then directly or indirectly interact with adsorbed organic pollutants causing their destruction. UVA light energy (wavelength between 300 and 400 nm) is adequate to perform the photocatalytic oxidations on TiO2 surfaces. Solar energy is a free sustainable source UVA light energy. Egypt has UVA irradiances that reach 40 W/m2 or even higher on sunny days [10].Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) has been extensively interpreted as a good option for solar photochemical applications [11–16]. CPC reactor consists of cylindrical absorber, on a combined reflecting profile. The reflector geometry mixes two parabolas and one involute whose curves relate to the diameter of the circle and to the concentration ratio.Titanium dioxide can be used as slurry or fixed inside the CPC photocatalytic reactors. The major obstacle for the practical use of TiO2 slurries in water treatment was the requirement for the expensive liquid-solid separation. This would consume more efforts, money, and time. In addition, the recovery loss of catalyst might be high [17]. Therefore, catalyst immobilization is the key for successful implementation of heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in water [18, 19].Some commonly used substrates such as glass, aluminum, and stainless steel are suitable for high temperature annealing treatment after the photocatalyst loading. However, the stiffness and weight of the materials impose limitations for large-scale implementation.Different methods have been developed on loading of TiO2 on polymeric sheets from photocatalyst suspensions [20]. All these approaches have to fulfill at least three main needs: the long term stability of the photocatalyst immobilization, its availability for heterogeneous photocatalysis, and the low cost of the deposition procedure, in view of a practical application.Loading methods, such as sputtering [21, 22], electrochemical deposition [23], spin coating [24], and electrophoretic coating [25], have been previously utilized for the preparation of titania supported thin films. However, these methods are often complicated, costly, and difficult for practical application [26, 27]. Large-scale application of photocatalytic oxidation for water purification can be achieved through direct coating of commercial photocatalysts such as Degussa P25 TiO2 [28]. When using direct coating, the primary issue of interest is the stability of the coating. Poor adhesions have been reported by direct coating method such as dip coating or spin coating [29, 30], where even slight mechanical abrasion may remove the photocatalyst from the substrate surface. Thus, a binding agent is usually necessary for direct coating in order to form solid adhesion between catalyst and substrate. Either organic polymer or inorganic binding materials have been used for photocatalyst immobilization [31–33]. However, the binder amount may affect the photocatalytic oxidation activity and stability of the coating [34].Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of surfaces modified photocatalysts is a crucial point. The dye method is one of the most commonly used methods for the evaluation of the photocatalytically active surfaces. Methylene blue (MB) has been widely addressed as a test pollutant in the evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors. MB is extensively used as textile and leather and paper dye. It has been previously demonstrated that films of titania were able to mediate the complete photomineralization of MB [35]. With MB as a highly colored organic material, all what is required for the evaluation process is following up its rate of photocatalytic bleaching via UV/vis spectrophotometery [36, 37]. Recently, the international standards organization (ISO) released a technical standard (ISO 10678:2010) for “determination of photocatalytic activity of surfaces in an aqueous medium by degradation of methylene blue” [1].In this work, a bench-scale solar CPC photoreactor has been designed and fabricated for testing the photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants. TiO2 Evonik Aeroxide P25 (previously known as Degussa P25) supported on PET sheets was used as a photocatalytically active surface inside the reactor. Immobilization of TiO2 on PET was conducted by a simple and cost effective method. MB aqueous solutions were used to study the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/PET sheets under sunlight. COD analyses were conducted to test the complete mineralization of MB. Durability of TiO2/PET composite was also tested under sunlight irradiation. The physicochemical characterizations of the prepared TiO2/PET composite before and after degradation processes were also investigated.2. Materials and Methods2.1. ChemicalsTiO2 Evonik Aeroxide P25 (surface area 50 m2/g) is used as photocatalyst and was provided by Evonik Industries AG, Germany. Polyethylene terephthalate substrates used in this work are nonwoven fabrics, with overall packing density of 0.055 g/cm3. Methylene blue (MB), C16H18ClN3S·xH2O, 96%, provided by Fluka, was used as received.2.2. Preparation of PET/TiO2 CompositePET/TiO2 composite was prepared by dip coating of PET textile substrate with TiO2. In this study, strips of dimensions ( m2) were cut, weighed, and then immersed in double distilled water for 20 min. Concentrated TiO2 Aeroxide P25 solution in double distilled water was prepared. The preweighed samples were immersed separately in this solution for 1 h. The wet TiO2-loaded PET substrates were pressed at 60°C for 20 min. The percentage of loaded TiO2 was determined and the samples were washed with distilled water several times, and after each time the TiO2 content was calculated as follows:where and are the weights of PET substrate before and after TiO2 loading.2.3. Characterizations of PET/TiO2 Composite2.3.1. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) SpectraThe characteristic functional groups of TiO2 and PET and PET/TiO2 composite and UV-irradiated PET/TiO2 composite were investigated by Jasco 3400 FT-IR spectrophotometer, in the range of 4000–400 cm−1.2.3.2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)In SEM measurements, an electron beam was passed through the specimens followed by scattering them back as electrons and secondary electrons. Backscattered secondary electrons were used to form the image on the computer monitor. The acceleration of the electron beam was 10 kV. This was carried out on Quanta FEG250 Instrument.2.3.3. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX)The spectra of TiO2 coated PET fabrics before and after UV irradiation were obtained by EDX measurements. A field emission scanning electron microscope (QUANTA FEG 250) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) unit was employed to evaluate the elemental composition of TiO2/PET sheets. Semiquantitative analyses in the inspection field were conducted using ZFA software where the energy of the emitted electrons for each element was counted in units of weight percent.2.4. CPC Design2.4.1. Pipeline CalculationsCompound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) prototype is made up of seven tubes connected in series, and water would flow from the lowest (the nearest to the ground) to the highest tube and then to a tank. It has been mounted on a platform tilted (30°N local latitude in Cairo). A centrifuge pump was used to circulate wastewater. Rods of temperature-resistant Teflon were used as support for titanium dioxide immobilized in polymer films. These rods were fitted in the middle of glass tubes used to flow the wastewater. As shown in Figure 1(b), the cross-sectional area of annulus was calculated using , while the wetted perimeter was . So, the equivalent diameter is . The values of (the inner diameter of glass tube) and (the diameter of support Teflon rod) are specified depending on the required productivity and the limits of light penetration. The Reynolds number can be calculated using equivalent diameter from in which is the density and is

ACS Style

Doaa M. El-Mekkawi; Norhan Nady; Nourelhoda A. Abdelwahab; Walied A. A. Mohamed; M. S. A. Abdel-Mottaleb. Flexible Bench-Scale Recirculating Flow CPC Photoreactor for Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Removable TiO 2 Immobilized on PET Sheets. International Journal of Photoenergy 2016, 2016, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Doaa M. El-Mekkawi, Norhan Nady, Nourelhoda A. Abdelwahab, Walied A. A. Mohamed, M. S. A. Abdel-Mottaleb. Flexible Bench-Scale Recirculating Flow CPC Photoreactor for Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Removable TiO 2 Immobilized on PET Sheets. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2016; 2016 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Doaa M. El-Mekkawi; Norhan Nady; Nourelhoda A. Abdelwahab; Walied A. A. Mohamed; M. S. A. Abdel-Mottaleb. 2016. "Flexible Bench-Scale Recirculating Flow CPC Photoreactor for Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Removable TiO 2 Immobilized on PET Sheets." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2014 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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Norhan Nady; A.H. El-Shazly. Laccase-catalysed modification of PES membranes using amine-bearing modifiers. Desalination and Water Treatment 2014, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Norhan Nady, A.H. El-Shazly. Laccase-catalysed modification of PES membranes using amine-bearing modifiers. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2014; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady; A.H. El-Shazly. 2014. "Laccase-catalysed modification of PES membranes using amine-bearing modifiers." Desalination and Water Treatment , no. : 1-7.

Article
Published: 21 October 2014 in Journal of Polymer Science
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The effect of enzyme‐catalyzed modification of poly(ethersulfone) (PES) on the adhesion and biofilm formation of two Listeria monocytogenes strains is evaluated under static and dynamic flow conditions. PES has been modified with gallic acid, ferulic acid and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid. The surfaces modified with any of these compounds show up to 70% reduced adhesion of L. monocytogenes under static conditions and up to 95% under dynamic flow conditions compared with unmodified surfaces. Also, under static conditions the formation of biofilms is reduced by ∼70%. These results indicate that the brush structures that are formed by the polymers on the PES surface directly influence the ability of microorganisms to interact with the surface, thereby reducing attachment and biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes. Based on these results, it is expected that enzyme‐catalyzed surface modification is a promising tool to reduce microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41576.

ACS Style

Stijn van der Veen; Norhan Nady; Maurice C. R. Franssen; Han Zuilhof; Remko M. Boom; Tjakko Abee; Karin Schroën. Listeria monocytogenesrepellence by enzymatically modified PES surfaces. Journal of Polymer Science 2014, 132, 1 .

AMA Style

Stijn van der Veen, Norhan Nady, Maurice C. R. Franssen, Han Zuilhof, Remko M. Boom, Tjakko Abee, Karin Schroën. Listeria monocytogenesrepellence by enzymatically modified PES surfaces. Journal of Polymer Science. 2014; 132 (10):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stijn van der Veen; Norhan Nady; Maurice C. R. Franssen; Han Zuilhof; Remko M. Boom; Tjakko Abee; Karin Schroën. 2014. "Listeria monocytogenesrepellence by enzymatically modified PES surfaces." Journal of Polymer Science 132, no. 10: 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2012 in Water
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Enzymatic modification of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes has been found not only feasible, but also an environmentally attractive way to vary surface properties systematically. In this paper, we summarize the effect of modification layers on protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion on PES membranes and surfaces. The enzyme laccase was used to covalently bind (poly)phenolic acids to the membrane, and compared to other membrane modification methods, this method is very mild and did not influence the mechanical strength negatively. Depending on the conditions used during modification, the modification layers were capable of influencing interactions with typical fouling species, such as protein, and to influence attachment of microorganisms. We also show that the modification method can be successfully applied to hollow fiber membranes; and depending on the pore size of the base membrane, proteins were partially rejected by the membrane. In conclusion, we have shown that enzymatic membrane modification is a versatile and economically attractive method that can be used to influence various interactions that normally lead to surface contamination, pore blocking, and considerable flux loss in membranes.

ACS Style

Norhan Nady; Maurice Charles René Franssen; Han Zuilhof; Remko Marcel Boom; Karin Schroën. Enzymatic Modification of Polyethersulfone Membranes. Water 2012, 4, 932 -943.

AMA Style

Norhan Nady, Maurice Charles René Franssen, Han Zuilhof, Remko Marcel Boom, Karin Schroën. Enzymatic Modification of Polyethersulfone Membranes. Water. 2012; 4 (4):932-943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Norhan Nady; Maurice Charles René Franssen; Han Zuilhof; Remko Marcel Boom; Karin Schroën. 2012. "Enzymatic Modification of Polyethersulfone Membranes." Water 4, no. 4: 932-943.