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Faisal Hayat
Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 17 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The rhizosphere is one of the major components in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum which controls the flow of water from the soil into roots. Plant roots release mucilage in the rhizosphere which is capable of altering the physio-chemical properties of this region. Here, we showed how mucilage impacted on rhizosphere hydraulic properties, using simple experiments. An artificial rhizosphere, treated or not with mucilage, was placed in a soil sample and suction was applied to mimic the negative pressure in plant xylem. The measured water contents and matric potential were coupled with numerical models to estimate the water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity. A slower loss of water was observed in the treated scenario which resulted in an increase in water retention. Moreover, a slightly lower hydraulic conductivity was initially observed in the treated scenario (8.44 × 10−4 cm s−1) compared to the controlled one in saturated soil. Over soil drying, a relatively higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was observed. In summary, we demonstrated that mucilage altered the rhizosphere hydraulic properties and enhanced the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. These findings improve our understanding of how plants capture more water, and postulate that mucilage secretion could be an optimal trait for plant survival during soil drying.

ACS Style

Faisal Hayat; Mohanned Abdalla; Muhammad Munir. Effect of Chia Seed Mucilage on the Rhizosphere Hydraulic Characteristics. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3303 .

AMA Style

Faisal Hayat, Mohanned Abdalla, Muhammad Munir. Effect of Chia Seed Mucilage on the Rhizosphere Hydraulic Characteristics. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faisal Hayat; Mohanned Abdalla; Muhammad Munir. 2021. "Effect of Chia Seed Mucilage on the Rhizosphere Hydraulic Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3303.

Original research article
Published: 23 January 2020 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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The relationship between leaf water potential, soil water potential, and transpiration depends on soil and plant hydraulics and stomata regulation. Recent concepts of stomatal response to soil drying relate stomatal regulation to plant hydraulics, neglecting the loss of soil hydraulic conductance around the roots. Our objective was to measure the effect of soil drying on the soil-plant hydraulic conductance of maize and to test whether stomatal regulation avoids a loss of soil-plant hydraulic conductance in drying soils. We combined a root pressure chamber, in which the soil-root system is pressurized to maintain the leaf xylem at atmospheric pressure, with sap flow sensors to measure transpiration rate. The method provides accurate and high temporal resolution measurements of the relationship between transpiration rate and xylem leaf water potential. A simple soil-plant hydraulic model describing the flow of water across the soil, root, and xylem was used to simulate the relationship between leaf water potential and transpiration rate. The experiments were carried out with 5-week-old maize grown in cylinders of 9 cm diameter and 30 cm height filled with silty soil. The measurements were performed at four different soil water contents (WC). The results showed that the relationship between transpiration and leaf water potential was linear in wet soils, but as the soil dried, the xylem tension increased, and nonlinearities were observed at high transpiration rates. Nonlinearity in the relationship between transpiration and leaf water potential indicated a decrease in the soil-plant hydraulic conductance, which was explained by the loss of hydraulic conductivity around the roots. The hydraulic model well reproduced the observed leaf water potential. Parallel experiments performed with plants not being pressurized showed that plants closed stomata when the soil-plant hydraulic conductance decreased, maintaining the linearity between leaf water potential and transpiration rate. We conclude that stomata closure during soil drying is caused by the loss of soil hydraulic conductivity in a predictable way.

ACS Style

Faisal Hayat; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Mathieu Javaux; Gaochao Cai; Andrea Carminati. Transpiration Reduction in Maize (Zea mays L) in Response to Soil Drying. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Faisal Hayat, Mutez Ali Ahmed, Mohsen Zarebanadkouki, Mathieu Javaux, Gaochao Cai, Andrea Carminati. Transpiration Reduction in Maize (Zea mays L) in Response to Soil Drying. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 10 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faisal Hayat; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Mathieu Javaux; Gaochao Cai; Andrea Carminati. 2020. "Transpiration Reduction in Maize (Zea mays L) in Response to Soil Drying." Frontiers in Plant Science 10, no. : 1.

Technical note
Published: 01 January 2020 in Vadose Zone Journal
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Plants redistribute water from wet to dry soil layers through their roots, in the process called hydraulic redistribution. Although the relevance and occurrence of this process are well accepted, resolving the spatial distribution of hydraulic redistribution remains challenging. Here, we show how to use neutron radiography to quantify the rate of water efflux from the roots to the soil. Maize (Zea mays L.) plants were grown in a sandy substrate 40 cm deep. Deuterated water (D2O) was injected in the bottom wet compartment, and its transport through the roots to the top dry soil was imaged using neutron radiography. A diffusion–convection model was used to simulate the transport of D2O in soil and root and inversely estimate the convective fluxes. Overnight, D2O appeared in nodal and lateral roots in the top compartment. By inverse modeling, we estimated an efflux from lateral roots into the dry soil equal to jr = 2.35 × 10−7 cm−1. A significant fraction of the redistributed water flew toward the tips of nodal roots (3.85 × 10−8 cm3 s−1 per root) to sustain their growth. The efflux from nodal roots depended on the roots’ length and growth rate. In summary, neutron imaging was successfully used to quantify hydraulic redistribution. A numerical model was needed to differentiate the effects of diffusion and convection. The highly resolved images showed the spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic redistribution.

ACS Style

Faisal Hayat; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Thomas Buecherl; Andrea Carminati. Quantification of hydraulic redistribution in maize roots using neutron radiography. Vadose Zone Journal 2020, 19, 1 .

AMA Style

Faisal Hayat, Mohsen Zarebanadkouki, Mutez Ali Ahmed, Thomas Buecherl, Andrea Carminati. Quantification of hydraulic redistribution in maize roots using neutron radiography. Vadose Zone Journal. 2020; 19 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faisal Hayat; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Thomas Buecherl; Andrea Carminati. 2020. "Quantification of hydraulic redistribution in maize roots using neutron radiography." Vadose Zone Journal 19, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2019 in Scientific Reports
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The pathways of water across root tissues and their relative contribution to plant water uptake remain debated. This is mainly due to technical challenges in measuring water flux non-invasively at the cellular scale under realistic conditions. We developed a new method to quantify water fluxes inside roots growing in soils. The method combines spatiotemporal quantification of deuterated water distribution imaged by rapid neutron tomography with an inverse simulation of water transport across root tissues. Using this non-invasive technique, we estimated for the first time the in-situ radial water fluxes [m s−1] in apoplastic and cell-to-cell pathways. The water flux in the apoplast of twelve days-old lupins (Lupinus albus L. cv. Feodora) was seventeen times faster than in the cell-to-cell pathway. Hence, the overall contribution of the apoplast in water flow [m3 s−1] across the cortex is, despite its small volume of 5%, as large as 57 ± 8% (Mean ± SD for n = 3) of the total water flow. This method is suitable to non-invasively measure the response of cellular scale root hydraulics and water fluxes to varying soil and climate conditions.

ACS Style

Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Pavel Trtik; Faisal Hayat; Andrea Carminati; Anders Kaestner. Root water uptake and its pathways across the root: quantification at the cellular scale. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Mohsen Zarebanadkouki, Pavel Trtik, Faisal Hayat, Andrea Carminati, Anders Kaestner. Root water uptake and its pathways across the root: quantification at the cellular scale. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Pavel Trtik; Faisal Hayat; Andrea Carminati; Anders Kaestner. 2019. "Root water uptake and its pathways across the root: quantification at the cellular scale." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2018 in Advances in Water Resources
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The relationship between leaf water potential, transpiration rate and soil water potential is complex, particularly when the soil water potential in the root zone is not uniform, which is the rule rather than the exception in soils. Our objectives were: 1) to measure the effect of heterogeneous soil water potentials on the relation between leaf water potential and transpiration rate and 2) to test whether root water uptake models could predict this relation. To this end, we combined the root pressure chamber technique, which allows measuring the suction in the leaves of transpiring plants, with two models of root water uptake, a simple one where soil and roots are presented as resistances in series and a more detailed 3D root architecture model. The experiments were carried out with lupines grown in sandy soil, for which the root architecture and root hydraulic properties had been previously estimated. The soil was partitioned in two layers separated by a coarse sand layer that allowed the roots to grow through but limited the water redistribution between the layers. Three scenarios (wet-wet, dry-wet, dry-dry) were tested. The results showed that the relation between transpiration and leaf water potential was linear in all scenarios. As the upper soil layer severely dried, the conductance of the soil-plant system decreased by ca. 1.65 times compared to the conductance of the plant-soil system in a uniform wet soil. As both layers dried, the conductivity was 8.26 times lower compared to the uniform-wet case. The combination of the experiment and modelling showed that a simple model is capable to reproduce the relation between transpiration, leaf water potential and soil water potential (despite an offset in the leaf water potential). Both simplified and the 3D root architecture models were capable of reproducing the measured changes in hydraulic conductance of the plant-soil system due to the soil drying. However, both models overestimated the measured leaf water potential by 0.1 MPa, probably because of a gradient in osmotic potential between the xylem and the soil. The simulations predicted the occurrence of hydraulic lift, even at day time conditions, although the hydraulic lift was relatively more important at low transpiration rates. The simulation suggested that a root architecture model is needed to estimate the variations of water uptake along the individual roots and this might be crucial to properly model hydraulic lift.

ACS Style

Faisal Hayat; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Gaochao Cai; Andrea Carminati. Measurements and simulation of leaf xylem water potential and root water uptake in heterogeneous soil water contents. Advances in Water Resources 2018, 124, 96 -105.

AMA Style

Faisal Hayat, Mutez Ali Ahmed, Mohsen Zarebanadkouki, Gaochao Cai, Andrea Carminati. Measurements and simulation of leaf xylem water potential and root water uptake in heterogeneous soil water contents. Advances in Water Resources. 2018; 124 ():96-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faisal Hayat; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Gaochao Cai; Andrea Carminati. 2018. "Measurements and simulation of leaf xylem water potential and root water uptake in heterogeneous soil water contents." Advances in Water Resources 124, no. : 96-105.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021
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ACS Style

Faisal Hayat; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Thomas Buecherl; Andrea Carminati. Quantification of hydraulic redistribution in maize roots using neutron radiography. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Faisal Hayat, Mohsen Zarebanadkouki, Mutez Ali Ahmed, Thomas Buecherl, Andrea Carminati. Quantification of hydraulic redistribution in maize roots using neutron radiography. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faisal Hayat; Mohsen Zarebanadkouki; Mutez Ali Ahmed; Thomas Buecherl; Andrea Carminati. 2021. "Quantification of hydraulic redistribution in maize roots using neutron radiography." , no. : 1.