This study aims to serve as a unique consolidated source in Turkey?s vaccination history and as an example for other countries by objectively revealing the change in mortality and morbidity rates in Turkey following the beginning of vaccination without asserting any claim on the benefits or risks of vaccines. This unbiased research will also help health professionals identify the challenges more easily when they face with the people who hesitate to vaccinate their children. Descriptive research design is adopted in this study. The coverages of vaccinations, mortality and, morbidity rates were identified through a retrospective analysis of the data provided from the Ministry of Health of Turkey. The data provided by the Turkish Statistical Institute were used for the identification of the population by the year. Mortality and morbidity rates were calculated based on these data. Morbidity rates, mortality rates, and vaccine covarages are all presented by the years. Successful interventions have been observed in the eradication of polio, the elimination of maternal neonatal tetanus and also in combating with other diseases. A decline in pertussis mortality from 0.59 to 0.1 along with a decline in diphtheria morbidity under 0.0001 were recognized; additionally the last death due to poliomyelitis was observed in 1998. Only 4 deaths occurred in the measles epidemic in 2013. With the start of vaccination for Rubella and Mumps, while the Rubella morbidity rate was 3,12 and the mumps mortality rate was 25 per 100.000. It was also succeeded that morbidity and mortality rates of those diseases decreased to 0 level. Also,no death due to neonatal tetanus has been recorded since 2012. The present study demonstrates that many possible diseases and deaths have been prevented through vaccination studies. In this regard, this study demonstrating the importance of vaccination presents that all individials in the society have a responsibility in this scope when the communicable diseases and wars are taken into consideration. The main responsibility is to ensure theirself and their children be vaccinated against the communicable diseases which are risky for society health.

The integration of refugees into their work lives is crucial issue for public health.This study aimed to reveal some characteristics of the working life of Syrian refugees in Türkiye. This cross-sectional study employed the convenience sampling method to select participants in one of the provinces in Türkiye that hosts the highest number of refugees compared to its population. The data collected via a questionnaire were analyzed using the Chi-square, T test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation statistical methods. All the Syrian workers surveyed were unregistered, and 42.8% worked in the industry. Average weekly working hours were 66.2 hours, and 78.1% of the workers were paid less than the legal minimum wage. Weekly working hours or a high level of education did not lead to an increase in salary. The Syrian refugees changed jobs frequently due to poor working conditions, and 57.2% had a work accident in Türkiye. Syrian workers have been found to have adverse working conditions, including long working hours, low pay, lack of vocational training and a high risk of work accidents. It is recommended to carry out further studies together with the necessary arrangements.

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of smoking status, as measured by pack-years (PY), on components of metabolic syndrome while considering the influence of anxiety. Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a smoking cessation clinic in Turkey, enrolling individuals who visited the clinic in 2022. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were utilized as assessment tools, while metabolic syndrome parameters (body mass index, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia) were evaluated. Smoking status was classified based on pack-years. Results: The study revealed a dose-dependent relationship between smoking status and essential metabolic factors such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Notably, triglyceride (TG) levels exhibited a significant increase, particularly at 25 pack years. While anxiety levels did not exhibit a significant correlation with smoking status, they demonstrated an upward trend with increasing SBP and DBP values. Anxiety levels did not exhibit a significant correlation with smoking status. Conclusions: A significant association was identified between nicotine addiction, as indicated by PY, and both metabolic syndrome parameters and anxiety levels. Early smoking cessation is strongly recommended for current smokers, and former smokers are advised to abstain from smoking to mitigate its adverse effects on metabolic syndrome components. These findings underscore the interconnectedness of cigarette smoking’s effects on both physical and mental health, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive approaches encompassing both metabolic disorder management and mental health support within cessation programs.