This study aims to serve as a unique consolidated source in Turkey?s vaccination history and as an example for other countries by objectively revealing the change in mortality and morbidity rates in Turkey following the beginning of vaccination without asserting any claim on the benefits or risks of vaccines. This unbiased research will also help health professionals identify the challenges more easily when they face with the people who hesitate to vaccinate their children. Descriptive research design is adopted in this study. The coverages of vaccinations, mortality and, morbidity rates were identified through a retrospective analysis of the data provided from the Ministry of Health of Turkey. The data provided by the Turkish Statistical Institute were used for the identification of the population by the year. Mortality and morbidity rates were calculated based on these data. Morbidity rates, mortality rates, and vaccine covarages are all presented by the years. Successful interventions have been observed in the eradication of polio, the elimination of maternal neonatal tetanus and also in combating with other diseases. A decline in pertussis mortality from 0.59 to 0.1 along with a decline in diphtheria morbidity under 0.0001 were recognized; additionally the last death due to poliomyelitis was observed in 1998. Only 4 deaths occurred in the measles epidemic in 2013. With the start of vaccination for Rubella and Mumps, while the Rubella morbidity rate was 3,12 and the mumps mortality rate was 25 per 100.000. It was also succeeded that morbidity and mortality rates of those diseases decreased to 0 level. Also,no death due to neonatal tetanus has been recorded since 2012. The present study demonstrates that many possible diseases and deaths have been prevented through vaccination studies. In this regard, this study demonstrating the importance of vaccination presents that all individials in the society have a responsibility in this scope when the communicable diseases and wars are taken into consideration. The main responsibility is to ensure theirself and their children be vaccinated against the communicable diseases which are risky for society health.

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-cicatricial inflammatory and autoimmune hair loss disease. In recent studies, it has been reported that hematological parameters can be used as oxidative stress markers in the diagnosis of many inflammatory diseases due to their low cost and widespread use. Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to reveal the significant cut-off points of hematological inflammatory markers in AA that can guide clinicians in clinical practice and determine how many times they increase the risk of disease. Methods: The present study is retrospective case-control type. Seventy patients with AA and seventy healthy controls were included in the study. The hematological parameters in both groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Hemoglobulin, monocyte, platelet, monocyte high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR), monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were high in patients with AA, while the number of lymphocytes was low. In ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off values for the diagnosis of AA were as follows: MLR 0.216, MHR 0.010, and PLR 111.715. In regression analysis, being above the following values of MLR 0.216, MHR 0.010, and PLR 111.715 increased the risk of developing AA by 6.3, 3.8, and 2.7 times, respectively. Conclusions: It was seen that MHR and PLR, especially MLR, can significantly increase the risk of developing the disease in AA and can also be used as diagnostic markers.

Citation: Aksoy Sarac G, Emeksiz MAC, Acar O, Nazlican E, Tanacan E, Nayir T. Retrospective analysis of dermatological diseases in geriatric patients during dermatology outpatient department visits. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2022;12(3):e2022145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1203a145 Accepted: December 23, 2021; Published: July 2022 Copyright: ©2022 Akoy Sarac et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (BY-NC-4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. Funding: None. Competing interests: None. Authorship: All authors have contributed significantly to this publication. Corresponding author: Onur Acar, MD, Ağrı Provincial Health Directorate, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Ağrı, Turkey, E- mail: dronuracar@yandex.com Introduction: Elderly population is vulnarable to experience a great number of dermatological diseases thanks to the intrinsic and extrinsic process of aging. Objectives: The aim of this study is to retrospectively investigate the prevalence of dermatological diseases in geriatric patients, their distribution by age and gender, and to provide a reference for studies on aging and skin problems. Methods: In the present study, patients who reported to the dermatology outpatient clinic between January 1, 2019 and January 1, 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. As a result of examining the records of patients, 887 patients over the age of 65 who met the study protocol were included. Results: The three most common diseases in all geriatric patients were fungal infections, eczematous dermatitis, and pruritus. Fungal infections were frequent in males and the 65-74 ages group. In the males, the more frequent was precancerous lesions and malignant neoplasms, whereas in the females it was urticaria and adverse drug reactions. In the logistic regression model, the risk of fungal infection in geriatric patients was increased by being male (OR: 1.55 p=0.006) and being in the range of 65-74 years old (OR: 1.46 p=0.025). Male patients were at significantly higher risk for precancerous and malignant lesions (OR:2.81 p<0.001) and actinic keratosis (OR:3.26 p<0.001) in this disease group. Conclusions: Men are more vulnerable to life-threatening skin diseases. It is important to determine risk factors for individuals who are more sensitive to environmental factors in terms of increasing the quality of life and protection from diseases. Keywords : geriatrics, elderly, skin diseases, dermatology, epidemiology This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool assessing attitudes and behaviors of individuals aged 18 and above regarding the health impacts of climate change, supporting existing literature, field studies, and climate change mitigation efforts. In this methodological study, the "Climate Change Health Literacy Scale (CCHLS)" item pool was created, followed by content validity testing and validity and reliability analyses of the 31-item scale based on expert opinions. The scale was administered to 318 adults, revealing a four-factor structure with 24 items and explaining 67.03 % of the total variance through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable goodness-of-fit values (χ²/sd=2.31, RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.94, SRMR=0.04). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.94 for the entire scale, and sub-dimensions ranged from 0.75 to 0.93, indicating high reliability. Differentiation assessment between groups with the highest and lowest 27 % scores confirmed the discriminative and valid nature of all scale items, with no observed floor or ceiling effects. CCHLS, which was developed in Turkish and analyzed in Turkiye to assess adults' attitudes and behaviors towards climate change, is a valid and reliable tool, and its translation into other languages and dissemination will support individuals in society in assessing their knowledge and increasing their awareness about the effects of climate change on health.

Background: Child abuse and neglect bring lots of undesirable consequences for the future of children and societies with it. It is expected that health service providers have sufficient knowledge about that subject in order to determine abuse and neglect. Materials and methods: In this study, a 67-item scale with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.92 was used. A score of more than 3 on the scale meant that the score was at a sufficient level. The universe of this descriptive study is health professionals working in 512 family health units in Mersin, Türkiye. Interviews were conducted with 97.26% (n = 249) of family physicians and 98.04% (n = 251) of family health workers working in the 256 units included in the sample. Results: Since the overall scale score of the study group was above 3, it (3.77 ± 0.36) was determined that the average score of the participants was sufficient. 46.2% (n = 231) of the group did not receive training on child neglect and abuse during their education, and 45.2% (n = 226) during their work. 95.8% stated that they paid attention to signs of abuse and neglect in children brought for examination and follow-up, while 83.4% stated that they had not encountered any cases in the last year. 42% (n = 210) of the group thought that the relevant authorities would not take the necessary action even if they observed signs of child neglect and abuse, while 37.4% (n = 187) stated that they did not know when and how to report. Conclusions: Although the findings of the study suggest that the group’s level of knowledge is sufficient, it is of great importance to increase their knowledge about reporting processes and to encourage them in this regard.