Tuberculosis and COVID-19 are among the infectious diseases that constitute a public health concern. Therefore, this study aims to examine the recent epidemiology of tuberculosis and COVID-19 in East Java Province, Indonesia, in 2020. Case-based surveillance data were acquired with a retrospective design between January and December 2020 by the East Java Health Officer. The data were analyzed using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) for mapping, and Microsoft Excel for recording. Furthermore, the statistical analysis (Spearman correlation test) was carried out via Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) applications. A total number of 38,089 confirmed cases of tuberculosis was recorded, with an incidence rate of 95.49/100,000 population, a case fatality rate (CFR) of 3.6%, and an average treatment success rate of 87.78%. COVID-19 is a new viral disease, with a total of 84,133 confirmed COVID-19 cases in East Java, with an incidence rate of 232.9/100,000 population. The highest incidence rate was found in Mojokerto city, while the lowest was found in Sampang. Furthermore, the CFR values of tuberculosis and COVID-19 were 1.4% and 6.8%, respectively. The regional survey in East Java Province showed that the incidence of tuberculosis remains high. This indicated that the search for active cases and preventive promotion was not completed. Therefore, inter-sectoral collaboration can be adapted to provide suitable tuberculosis health care.

Adequate sleep quality is crucial for overall health, affecting physiological and psychological well-being. This systematic review examined the relationship between sleep quality, Body Mass Index (BMI), dietary habits, and socioeconomic factors among young adults (18–35 years). A total of 39 studies published since 2019 were reviewed. A meta-analysis of 20 studies revealed a significant positive association between poor sleep quality and higher BMI, with high heterogeneity ( I ² = 88.22%). Evidence indicates a bidirectional relationship where short sleep duration contributes to weight gain, while higher BMI reduces sleep quality and duration. Healthy diets, such as the Mediterranean diet and calcium-rich products, are associated with improved sleep quality, while socioeconomic factors, including financial stress, influence these relationships and highlight health inequalities. However, most studies did not explore causal relationships, directionality, between these variables and changes in sleep quality. Future research should interpret these mechanisms and develop strategies to improve sleep hygiene and overall health.

The validity and reliability of the Lafayette stability platform are well-established for double leg testing. However, no evaluation of single leg (SL) stance on the platform was discovered yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability of conducting the SL stance on the Lafayette platform. Thirty-six healthy and active university students (age 23.2 ± 3.2 years; BMI 21.1 ± 3.1 kg/m²) were tested twice, one week apart (week 1; W1, week 2; W2). They stood on their dominant leg with eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) in random order. Three successful trials of 20 seconds each were recorded. The duration during which the platform was maintained within 0° of tilt was referred to as time in balance (TIB). At all-time points, TIB was consistently longer in EO (EO_W1: 17.02 ± 1.04s; EO_W2: 17.32 ± 1.03s) compared to EC (EC_W1: 11.55 ± 1.73s; EC_W2: 13.08 ± 1.82s). A ±10 seconds difference was demonstrated in the Bland-Altman analysis in both EO and EC. Lower standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) indicated consistent output. High intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were seen between weeks (EO = 0.74; EC = 0.76) and within weeks (EO_W1 = 0.79; EO_W2 = 0.86; EC_W1 = 0.71; EC_W2 = 0.71). Although statistical measures (i.e., SEM, CV, and ICC) indicated good reliability of Lafayette for SL tasks, the wide agreement interval is yet to be clinically meaningful. Factors underlying the wide variation need to be identified before Lafayette is used for TIB assessment.