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Research on the COVID-19 crisis and its implications on regional resilience is still in its infancy. To understand resilience on its aggregate level it is important to identify (non)resilient actions of individual actors who comprise regions. As the retail sector among others represents an important factor in an urban regions recovery, we focus on the resilience of (textile) retailers within the city of Würzburg in Germany to the COVID-19 pandemic. To address the identified research gap, this paper applies the concept of resilience. Firstly, conducting expert interviews, the individual (textile) retailers’ level and their strategies in coping with the crisis is considered. Secondly, conducting a contextual analysis of the German city of Würzburg, we wish to contribute to the discussion of how the resilience of a region is influenced inter alia by actors. Our study finds three main strategies on the individual level, with retailers: (1) intending to “bounce back” to a pre-crisis state, (2) reorganising existing practices, as well as (3) closing stores and winding up business. As at the time of research, no conclusions regarding long-term impacts and resilience are possible, the results are limited. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of retailers’ strategies contributes to a better understanding of regional resilience.
Alexandra Appel; Sina Hardaker. Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis—Retailers and Regional Resilience in Würzburg, Germany. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2643 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Appel, Sina Hardaker. Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis—Retailers and Regional Resilience in Würzburg, Germany. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Appel; Sina Hardaker. 2021. "Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis—Retailers and Regional Resilience in Würzburg, Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2643.
Eine Vielzahl von Modellprojekten zu neuen und alternativen Formen von Mobilität deutet darauf hin, dass Alternativen zum derzeitigen Mobilitätssystem nicht nur in der Wissenschaft, sondern auch in der gesellschaftlichen Praxis verhandelt werden. Dies schließt eine ganze Reihe von Sektoren, Akteurs- und Interessengruppen ein, etwa die Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung, politische Mandatsträger auf allen räumlichen Ebenen, Lobbygruppen sowie die Fahrzeug-, Verkehrs- oder Immobilienwirtschaft.
Alexandra Appel; Joachim Scheiner; Mathias Wilde. Wege, Umwege und Irrwege zur Verkehrswende – (Selbst-)kritische Perspektiven aus Wissenschaft und Praxis. Studien zur Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung 2020, 3 -12.
AMA StyleAlexandra Appel, Joachim Scheiner, Mathias Wilde. Wege, Umwege und Irrwege zur Verkehrswende – (Selbst-)kritische Perspektiven aus Wissenschaft und Praxis. Studien zur Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung. 2020; ():3-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Appel; Joachim Scheiner; Mathias Wilde. 2020. "Wege, Umwege und Irrwege zur Verkehrswende – (Selbst-)kritische Perspektiven aus Wissenschaft und Praxis." Studien zur Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung , no. : 3-12.
Grundlegend für geographische Forschungsarbeiten auf Basis qualitativer Methoden ist ein Verständnis von Raum als hybrider Gegenstand, der aus unterschiedlichen Elementen wie Akteuren, sozialen Alltagspraktiken und Relationen besteht. Raum in diesem Sinne ist mehr als eine physikalisch messbare Ausdehnung und unterliegt einem permanenten Wandel. In der raumbezogenen qualitativen Sozialforschung soll das wechselseitige Verhältnis von Raum und Mensch/Gesellschaft besser verstanden werden.
Alexandra Appel. Qualitative Methoden. Geographische Handelsforschung 2020, 273 -282.
AMA StyleAlexandra Appel. Qualitative Methoden. Geographische Handelsforschung. 2020; ():273-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Appel. 2020. "Qualitative Methoden." Geographische Handelsforschung , no. : 273-282.
Innovationen und Neuerungen stehen in permanenter Wechselwirkung mit gesellschaftlichen Akteuren und Kontexten. Dazu gehören u. a. organisatorische oder Unternehmenskontexte, rechtliche Rahmenwerke, Nutzer und Nicht-Nutzer, Diskurse in der breiteren Öffentlichkeit sowie transnationale Kontexte. Diese Kontexte tragen dazu bei, Neuerungen und Innovationen gesellschaftlich zu legitimieren oder zu blockieren. Am Fallbeispiel des Pilotprojekts zu autonom fahrenden Kleinbussen im ÖPNV in Bad Birnbach werden relevante Akteure und Prozesse für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung in zwei Schritten analysiert. Im ersten Schritt wird das Gesamtnetzwerk aller involvierten Akteure erstellt und hinsichtlich wichtiger Mediatoren im Netzwerk untersucht. Im zweiten Schritt werden die einzelnen Projektphasen mit Hilfe der zuvor genannten fünf Dimensionen gesellschaftlicher Einbettungsprozesse analysiert. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass Einbettungsprozesse in die unterschiedlichen Dimensionen zeitversetzt erfolgen und teilweise aufeinander aufbauen. Schlüsselrollen nehmen dabei Akteure ein, die Erfahrungen in oder Zugang zu unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Teilbereichen haben oder die Handlungsmacht anderer Akteure durch Legitimation und Befürwortung begünstigen können. Methodische Grundlage bilden Leitfadeninterviews und soziale Netzwerkanalyseverfahren.
Alexandra Appel; Jürgen Rauh; Maximilian Graßl; Sebastian Rauch. Die gesellschaftliche Einbettung autonomer Fahrzeuge am Beispiel Bad Birnbach. Autonome Shuttlebusse im ÖPNV 2019, 135 -157.
AMA StyleAlexandra Appel, Jürgen Rauh, Maximilian Graßl, Sebastian Rauch. Die gesellschaftliche Einbettung autonomer Fahrzeuge am Beispiel Bad Birnbach. Autonome Shuttlebusse im ÖPNV. 2019; ():135-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Appel; Jürgen Rauh; Maximilian Graßl; Sebastian Rauch. 2019. "Die gesellschaftliche Einbettung autonomer Fahrzeuge am Beispiel Bad Birnbach." Autonome Shuttlebusse im ÖPNV , no. : 135-157.
In dem Beitrag werden auf der Grundlage einer Haushaltsbefragung in Bad Birnbach Aussagen zur Akzeptanz, Aufgeschlossenheit und Bewertung gegenüber dem Pilotprojekt getroffen. Die Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Eigenschaften des automatisiert fahrenden Kleinbusses wie auch Präferenzen, Werte sowie Einstellungen von Anwohnern zu autonom fahrenden Fahrzeugen sind dabei von Interesse. Als Analyseschema wird eine Einteilung nach den Akzeptanzdimensionen der Einstellungs-, Handlungs- und Nutzungsebene verwendet. Das Pilotprojekt wird von der Mehrheit der Befragten begrüßt und häufig auch schon aktiv getestet. Hinsichtlich einiger objekt- wie auch subjektbezogener Eigenschaften gibt es z. T. signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Personen, die schon mit dem automatisierten Bus mitgefahren sind, und solchen, die ihn noch nicht getestet haben. In Bezug auf eine zukünftige mögliche Nutzung können projektbezogen drei verschiedene Gruppen von potenziellen Nutzern differenziert werden.
Jürgen Rauh; Alexandra Appel; Maximilian Graßl. Empirische Beobachtungen zur Akzeptanz des Pilotprojektes „Autonom fahrender Kleinbus“ unter den Bürger∗innen von Bad Birnbach. Autonome Shuttlebusse im ÖPNV 2019, 159 -176.
AMA StyleJürgen Rauh, Alexandra Appel, Maximilian Graßl. Empirische Beobachtungen zur Akzeptanz des Pilotprojektes „Autonom fahrender Kleinbus“ unter den Bürger∗innen von Bad Birnbach. Autonome Shuttlebusse im ÖPNV. 2019; ():159-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Rauh; Alexandra Appel; Maximilian Graßl. 2019. "Empirische Beobachtungen zur Akzeptanz des Pilotprojektes „Autonom fahrender Kleinbus“ unter den Bürger∗innen von Bad Birnbach." Autonome Shuttlebusse im ÖPNV , no. : 159-176.
The purpose of this article is to investigate the value of the concept of embeddedness for economic geographers. Alongside the case study of the multichannel grocery retailing brand Migros in Turkey, the spatial impacts – in relational and physical terms – of digitalization and the integration of an online shop into the profile of a supermarket chain are investigated. In applying the concept of embeddedness the article seeks to understand these complex, diverse and uneven processes of (retail) restructurings that affect different dimensions and dynamics of networks, societies and spaces. In my case study I identify two dimensions of embeddedness processes: (1) embedding the online shop in the firm's routines and practices, whereby processes of transfer of knowledge and technology dominate; and (2) embedding online shopping in the customer's routines and practices, whereby processes of adaption to consumer culture dominate. These dimensions are reflexive and as such mirror ongoing negotiation processes between the two stakeholders. On one hand multichannel retailing thus not only alters where but also how people shop, and can result in new retail spaces like pick-up stores. On the other hand it can be shown, that the “locations”, where online shopping of Migros is available, reproduce spatial variations of socio-economic factors, such as income distribution or population density. As such, the concept of embeddedness is useful for economic geographers – also in the realm of e-commerce – to unravel the interconnections of societal, organizational and spatial patterns as well as their variations across space. The study is based on qualitative interviews.
Alexandra Appel. Embeddedness and the (re)making of retail space in the realm of multichannel retailing: the case of migros sanal market in turkey. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 2016, 98, 55 -69.
AMA StyleAlexandra Appel. Embeddedness and the (re)making of retail space in the realm of multichannel retailing: the case of migros sanal market in turkey. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 2016; 98 (1):55-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Appel. 2016. "Embeddedness and the (re)making of retail space in the realm of multichannel retailing: the case of migros sanal market in turkey." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 98, no. 1: 55-69.
In order to categorize the global diffusion of supermarkets, the metaphor of waves is often used. This is a simplification, however, which obscures the fact that developments in the countries experiencing these waves of innovation are much more nuanced. This case study on the development of the Turkish grocery retail sector since the 1950s, shows how this development can be divided into different phases. Furthermore, it demonstrates that state retail chains paved the way for private actors, while most studies about the modernization of the retail sector have a focus on private companies or - even more specifically - on transnational corporations
Martin Franz; Alexandra Appel; Markus Hassler. Short waves of supermarket diffusion in Turkey. Moravian Geographical Reports 2013, 21, 50 -63.
AMA StyleMartin Franz, Alexandra Appel, Markus Hassler. Short waves of supermarket diffusion in Turkey. Moravian Geographical Reports. 2013; 21 (4):50-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Franz; Alexandra Appel; Markus Hassler. 2013. "Short waves of supermarket diffusion in Turkey." Moravian Geographical Reports 21, no. 4: 50-63.
Since the early 1990s an increase in transnational activities and investments of food retailers from Western Europe and North America in a range of emerging market countries can be identified. This transnational involvement had impacts not only on retail competitiveness and market structure, but also on supply chain dynamics, consumer culture and markets as well as on regulatory frameworks and institutional configurations in the host economies. Whereas in the beginning it was hypothesised that food retailing worldwide will be dominated by a few powerful retail chains that may form oligopolistic market structures on a global scale, today it turned out, that in several emerging market contexts domestic actors perform much more successful than expected and could gain dominant market positions against their transnational competitors. Thereby transformation and modernization-processes in food retail structures are ongoing and pushed forward not only by retail TNCs but also by domestic actors. Until today a large body of scientific work on retail internationalization processes and their impacts in host economies has developed in several disciplines. In economic geography the focus of this work largely lies on the activities and strategies of transnational lead firms during market entry, their success, and their impacts on market structures in the host economies they enter. However underrepresented remain the dynamics and impacts of retail internationalization after the market entry of retail TNCs and the role of domestic actors for the modernization and transformation of existing food retail structures. This work addresses this lacuna by investigating the dynamics of retail market transformations in Turkey since the 1950s, when the first transnational investment in Turkeys food retailing sector took place. Special attention was paid to the path-dependency and context of the developments in the food retailing sector in Turkey, as well as the impact of national, regional or local actors for the resulting dynamics and structures. In this work the retail corporation – regardless of its (trans-)nationality – is seen as complex network configurations of intra-, inter- and extra-firm networks that are embedded in several social, economic and political contexts. For the analysis of these complex structures and dynamics the overarching concept, tasks and schedule of research were designed alongside the Global-Production-Network (GPN) approach. The work consists of four articles, that individually are based on different theoretical approaches to address the specific topics of research they concern. Overall the empirical results affirm that retail TNCs are important mediators for modernization- and transformation-processes within the networks of retailing and its actors. But in the same time domestic actors contribute to the changing structures by reacting or resisting to the transformations that take place. It is shown that the impact of an actor towards the changing dynamics and structures less depends on its (trans-)nationality but on its degree of embeddedness in the relevant socio-economic structures. For this backdrop a consequent contrast between transnational and domestic corporations can not be formulated. Regarding these observations the hypothesis, that retail competition on a global scale will be shaped by oligopolistic structures, can not be verified. Instead the market dynamics in Turkey are characterized by an accelerating amount of domestic actors and high market dynamics, wherein domestic actors compete successfully against their transnational competitors, so that retail TNCs even retrench from the Turkish market. These dynamics were formerly observed for range of other emerging market countries (e.g. in Latin-America). It has to be highlighted that the resulting patterns of retailing are not shaped by one consistent structure. Rather it is parallel structures that occur due to the variety of needs of different societal actors with different capacities. Conceptually it can be shown, that the embeddedness approach also can be applied in the realm of multichannel retailing and e-commerce to make the interconnections of strategies and their outcomes visible. Further embeddedness turns out to be a useful tool in the frame of GPN-analysis not only to investigate the strategies or the conditions for the success of retail TNCs, but to analyse the (power-)positions of (domestic) actors in specific socio-economic structures. The categories resilience, reworking and resistance help to gain a deeper understanding and paint a differentiated picture of the actors capacities and strategies to react to transforming structures they are embedded in, and reciprocally how they can influence the patterns of change in these configurations.
Alexandra Appel. Zwischen Basar und Supermarkt: strukturelle Veränderungen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel in der Türkei unter Berücksichtigung von Globalisierungsprozessen. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Appel. Zwischen Basar und Supermarkt: strukturelle Veränderungen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel in der Türkei unter Berücksichtigung von Globalisierungsprozessen. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Appel. 2021. "Zwischen Basar und Supermarkt: strukturelle Veränderungen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel in der Türkei unter Berücksichtigung von Globalisierungsprozessen." , no. : 1.