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City tourism is a growing segment of world tourism, with European capitals performing especially well in the last decade. However, a recurring threat to this success is the unexpected occurrence of terrorism events, affecting both tourists' behaviour and destination image. This paper analyses the relationship between tourists' perceived risk from terrorism and the image of the destination, and the effect on behavioural intentions, taking into account the moderating role of the type of city destination in regards to the impact of terrorist attacks. The theoretical model is assessed utilising a structural equations approach on a sample of potential tourists focusing on European capitals. The sample is divided into two groups of destinations: cities that have suffered major terrorist attacks and those that have not. The results show that the destination moderates the causal relationship. The results are interesting in terms of evaluating the policies of counter-terrorism and destination image restoration at city tourism destinations.
Rita R. Carballo; Carmelo J. León; María M. Carballo. The impact of terrorist attacks in cities on the relationship between tourists' risk perception, destination image and behavioural intentions. Cities 2021, 119, 103382 .
AMA StyleRita R. Carballo, Carmelo J. León, María M. Carballo. The impact of terrorist attacks in cities on the relationship between tourists' risk perception, destination image and behavioural intentions. Cities. 2021; 119 ():103382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita R. Carballo; Carmelo J. León; María M. Carballo. 2021. "The impact of terrorist attacks in cities on the relationship between tourists' risk perception, destination image and behavioural intentions." Cities 119, no. : 103382.
The tourism sector is recognised as being highly vulnerable to climate change, and research is still considered scarce to support destinations to enhance resilience capacities. This study aims to analyse tourists’ preferences for adaptation measures that can be implemented at coastal destinations to face climate risks. To this aim, 258 questionnaires were completed by tourists visiting Cyprus in the summer of 2019. Tourists were posed with hypothetical situations where several climate risks occur at the destination, and were asked to choose between alternative combinations of policies to counteract these impacts. Results indicate that the programs related to beach protection, heat waves amelioration, water supply and infectious diseases prevention are the most valued by tourists. The study provides recommendations aimed at being useful for all coastal destinations, highlighting the importance of climate-related preparedness and adaptive capacities to enhance the tourist experience value and promote economic impact.
Carmelo J. León; Elias Giannakis; George Zittis; Despina Serghides; Yen E. Lam-González; Carmen García. Tourists’ Preferences for Adaptation Measures to Build Climate Resilience at Coastal Destinations. Evidence from Cyprus. Tourism Planning & Development 2021, 1 -27.
AMA StyleCarmelo J. León, Elias Giannakis, George Zittis, Despina Serghides, Yen E. Lam-González, Carmen García. Tourists’ Preferences for Adaptation Measures to Build Climate Resilience at Coastal Destinations. Evidence from Cyprus. Tourism Planning & Development. 2021; ():1-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmelo J. León; Elias Giannakis; George Zittis; Despina Serghides; Yen E. Lam-González; Carmen García. 2021. "Tourists’ Preferences for Adaptation Measures to Build Climate Resilience at Coastal Destinations. Evidence from Cyprus." Tourism Planning & Development , no. : 1-27.
El propósito de este estudio es examinar como contribuyen los distintos tipos de riesgos (terrorismo, accidente, delincuencia, salud, catástrofes) a los que se enfrenta los turistas a la percepción de riesgo final sobre los destinos. Asimismo, el trabajo analiza el efecto moderador del destino en las relaciones causales establecidas entre los tipos de riesgos y el riesgo percibido. Para ello se comparan dos grupos de destinos: Europa (Islas Canarias, España) y Latinoamérica, con los destinos de Brasil y Colombia. El trabajo se realizó mediante encuestas online a través de una empresa especializada en los mercados potenciales de Alemania y Reino Unido. El análisis se llevó a cabo mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para probar las relaciones causales planteadas. Aunque la percepción de seguridad y protección y su influencia en el comportamiento del turismo es importante para la promoción y gestión de las actividades turísticas, su análisis empírico ha recibido una atención limitada entre los investigadores. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran interesantes conclusiones prácticas y académicas para las organizaciones empresariales y la promoción de los destinos turísticos. The purpose of this study is to examine how the different types of risks (terrorism, accident, crime, health, catastrophes) that tourists face contributes to the perception of final risk on destinations. Likewise, the paper analyzes the moderating effect of destination in the causal relationships established between the types of risks and the perceived risk. For this, two groups of destinations are compared: Europe (Canary Islands, Spain) and Latin America, with the destinations of Brazil and Colombia. The work was carried out through online surveys through a company specialized in the potential markets of Germany and the United Kingdom. The analysis was carried out using a model of structural equations (SEM) to prove the causal relationships raised. Although the perception of safety and protection and its influence on the behavior of tourism is important for the promotion and management of tourism activities, its empirical analysis has received limited attention among researchers. The results of this work show interesting practical and academic conclusions for business organizations and the promotion of tourist destinations.
Rita R. Carballo; María M. Carballo; Carmelo J. León; Sergio Moreno Gil. LA PERCEPCIÓN DEL RIESGO Y SU IMPLICACIÓN EN LA GESTIÓN Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS. EL EFECTO MODERADOR DEL DESTINO. Cuadernos de Turismo 2021, 23 -36.
AMA StyleRita R. Carballo, María M. Carballo, Carmelo J. León, Sergio Moreno Gil. LA PERCEPCIÓN DEL RIESGO Y SU IMPLICACIÓN EN LA GESTIÓN Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS. EL EFECTO MODERADOR DEL DESTINO. Cuadernos de Turismo. 2021; (47):23-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita R. Carballo; María M. Carballo; Carmelo J. León; Sergio Moreno Gil. 2021. "LA PERCEPCIÓN DEL RIESGO Y SU IMPLICACIÓN EN LA GESTIÓN Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS. EL EFECTO MODERADOR DEL DESTINO." Cuadernos de Turismo , no. 47: 23-36.
The importance of fishing tourism for destinations is often analysed through the expenditure levels of tourists, with image, satisfaction and loyalty being under-researched areas. This article empirically tests a structural equation model to assess the relationship between the satisfaction, expenditure and loyalty of fishing tourists. Two dimensions were considered in each case: 1) overall and catch-related satisfaction, 2) expenditure on tourist and fishery products and services, and 3) behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The study also examines destination attributes that are relevant in explaining the overall satisfaction of fishing tourists. By using data collected from 482 anglers visiting the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cape Verde, the study finds that overall satisfaction increases with the perception of a healthier and less polluted environment at destinations. This was found to be a dominant factor in the context of other attributes that also impact anglers’ satisfaction. Besides, satisfaction was found to be an antecedent of spending, but only on the components of the destination’s nautical offer. Finally, satisfaction with the catch was the only factor with a direct and positive relationship to loyalty. The study provides recommendations aimed at being useful in planning the sustainable development of fishing tourism at several destinations.
Yen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. Leon; Matias M. Gonzalez Hernandez; Javier de Leon. The structural relationships of destination image, satisfaction, expenditure and loyalty in the context of fishing tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 2021, 21, 422 -441.
AMA StyleYen E. Lam-González, Carmelo J. Leon, Matias M. Gonzalez Hernandez, Javier de Leon. The structural relationships of destination image, satisfaction, expenditure and loyalty in the context of fishing tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 2021; 21 (4):422-441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. Leon; Matias M. Gonzalez Hernandez; Javier de Leon. 2021. "The structural relationships of destination image, satisfaction, expenditure and loyalty in the context of fishing tourism." Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 21, no. 4: 422-441.
This paper undertakes a data-driven segmentation analysis on tourists’ choice of island destinations in the context of a changing climate. To this end, 2528 tourists visiting ten European islands in the Mediterranean, Baltic, and Atlantic regions were posed hypothetical situations in which diverse impacts caused by CC (i.e., beach loss, heatwaves, storm intensification, etc.) were affecting the islands being visited. In each scenario, tourists’ responses ranged from stay on the island to change to an alternative destination. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of four segments: (1) LO-loyal oriented—tourists willing to stay on the island despite any climatic event (in this group, tourists would often change the travel date); (2) RA-risk-averse—tourists who would always avoid islands affected by CC; (3) WIL-risk-specific—a segment of tourists with a special aversion to the risks associated with wildlife disappearance and damage to infrastructure, and (4) 3S-sun, sea and sand seekers—tourists who would always avoid visiting islands where CC induced effects are related to beach loss or extreme events. Further analysis is dedicated to comparing segments in regard to their sociodemographic characteristics, the image of the island, and the importance given to the protection of environmental attributes when choosing an island destination. The results alert us about the climate-specific risks and tourist profiles that are relevant to explaining changes in the tourism geography and seasonality of islands. The findings are useful for providing operational marketing recommendations for destination managers, especially for taking competitive advantage of climate services, and for prevention and responsiveness management strategies.
Yen. Lam-González; Carmen Galindo; Matías Hernández; Carmelo León. Understanding the Heterogeneity of Tourists’ Choices under Climate Change Risks: A Segmentation Analysis. Atmosphere 2020, 12, 22 .
AMA StyleYen. Lam-González, Carmen Galindo, Matías Hernández, Carmelo León. Understanding the Heterogeneity of Tourists’ Choices under Climate Change Risks: A Segmentation Analysis. Atmosphere. 2020; 12 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen. Lam-González; Carmen Galindo; Matías Hernández; Carmelo León. 2020. "Understanding the Heterogeneity of Tourists’ Choices under Climate Change Risks: A Segmentation Analysis." Atmosphere 12, no. 1: 22.
This paper investigates the potential gap in Tour Operators (TOs) assessments of tourists' preferences for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in tourism. It utilizes discrete choice experiments to assess both tourists and TOs preferences. Results show that TOs understand tourists' average preferences for CSR policies but fail to predict the heterogeneity of preferences. Three market segments were found, with different preferences, socio‐economic backgrounds, spending levels, and source regions. The results can help explain the lag of tourism companies in undertaking some of the CSR policies that might be of interest to tourists, and might assist the development of more sustainable tourism.
Jorge E. Araña; Carmelo J. León. The role of tour‐operators as intermediaries of tourists' preferences for corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Tourism Research 2020, 23, 465 -477.
AMA StyleJorge E. Araña, Carmelo J. León. The role of tour‐operators as intermediaries of tourists' preferences for corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2020; 23 (4):465-477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge E. Araña; Carmelo J. León. 2020. "The role of tour‐operators as intermediaries of tourists' preferences for corporate social responsibility." International Journal of Tourism Research 23, no. 4: 465-477.
The occurrence of infectious diseases may change tourists’ perceptions of a destination’s image and value. This article proposes and empirically tests a choice model to measure the effect of the risk of infectious disease outbreaks caused by climate change on tourists’ willingness to pay for holidays to island destinations. With this aim, an online survey was administrated to 2538 European frequent travellers at their country of residence. Tourists were presented with a hypothetical situation whereby they had to choose among eleven well-known European island destinations for their next holiday. The choice cards included the probability of the occurrence of infectious disease events in the context of other potential risks caused by climate change (i.e., forest fires, floods, heat waves, etc.). The results show infectious disease is the risk that more negatively affects tourists’ willingness to pay to visit islands, followed by forest fires. The results have implications for tourism policy, highlighting the importance of prevention and response strategies, and the design of climate-oriented services, which may raise opportunities to work towards the enhancement of those health and environmental conditions of tourist destinations that ensure their sustainability in the longer term.
Carmelo León; Yen Lam-González; Carmen Galindo; Matías Hernández. Measuring the Impact of Infectious Diseases on Tourists’ Willingness to Pay to Visit Island Destinations. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1117 .
AMA StyleCarmelo León, Yen Lam-González, Carmen Galindo, Matías Hernández. Measuring the Impact of Infectious Diseases on Tourists’ Willingness to Pay to Visit Island Destinations. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (10):1117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmelo León; Yen Lam-González; Carmen Galindo; Matías Hernández. 2020. "Measuring the Impact of Infectious Diseases on Tourists’ Willingness to Pay to Visit Island Destinations." Atmosphere 11, no. 10: 1117.
Anastasia Arabadzhyan; Paolo Figini; Carmen García; Matías M. González; Yen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León. Climate change, coastal tourism, and impact chains – a literature review. Current Issues in Tourism 2020, 1 -36.
AMA StyleAnastasia Arabadzhyan, Paolo Figini, Carmen García, Matías M. González, Yen E. Lam-González, Carmelo J. León. Climate change, coastal tourism, and impact chains – a literature review. Current Issues in Tourism. 2020; ():1-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnastasia Arabadzhyan; Paolo Figini; Carmen García; Matías M. González; Yen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León. 2020. "Climate change, coastal tourism, and impact chains – a literature review." Current Issues in Tourism , no. : 1-36.
There are many areas of high geological relevance in South America receiving visitors every year. However, most of these sites have not exploited their geotourism potential yet. This paper shows a comparison of the tourism management models of two geosites: Marcahuasi Stone Forest (MSF), in Peru, and Vila Velha State Park (VVSP), in Brazil. The aim of this work is to find out if the models applied in each area foster the socioeconomic development of the local population and conservation of geological heritage. Management structure, public actions, and the relationships between the stakeholders were observed and analyzed utilizing mixed data collection techniques and comparative analysis, finding out positive and negative aspects. Results show that MSF is managed exclusively by the local community and has not properly developed tourism because of a lack of planning and professional training. In VVSP, despite having a management plan and professionally prepared team, there is still a decoupling between the goal of conservation and social responsibility. In general, geoconservation is found not to be driving both forms of tourism management, and there is a lack of contribution to local socioeconomic development, mainly due to political reasons.
Pedro Gonzáles Mantilla; Carmelo J. León. Tourism Management in South American Geological Areas: Comparing Two Cases from Peru and Brazil. Geoheritage 2020, 12, 1 -20.
AMA StylePedro Gonzáles Mantilla, Carmelo J. León. Tourism Management in South American Geological Areas: Comparing Two Cases from Peru and Brazil. Geoheritage. 2020; 12 (2):1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Gonzáles Mantilla; Carmelo J. León. 2020. "Tourism Management in South American Geological Areas: Comparing Two Cases from Peru and Brazil." Geoheritage 12, no. 2: 1-20.
This study proposes and tests a model that explains the formation of health-related destination image and its influence on tourists' expectations for improving their health when going to a destination. The model incorporates grounded theories related to environmental psychology, public health, sociology and health geography. The data were obtained from international tourists from the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain, surveyed in their source countries and by evaluating two alternative tourism destinations. The results show that two cognitive dimensions influence the healthy destination affective image: (i) health-related environmental factors, and (ii) well-being resources and experiences. In addition, both cognitive factors and the affective destination image on health have a significant effect on the health improvement expectation of tourists planning to visit the destination. The results have implications for the management and positioning of those destinations focusing on health tourism.
Antonio-Angel Moreno-González; Carmelo J. León; Carlos Fernandez Hernandez. Health destination image: The influence of public health management and well-being conditions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2020, 16, 100430 .
AMA StyleAntonio-Angel Moreno-González, Carmelo J. León, Carlos Fernandez Hernandez. Health destination image: The influence of public health management and well-being conditions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2020; 16 ():100430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio-Angel Moreno-González; Carmelo J. León; Carlos Fernandez Hernandez. 2020. "Health destination image: The influence of public health management and well-being conditions." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 16, no. : 100430.
In tourism, entrepreneurial internationalisation is considered a measure of the development of the industry and a key driver of innovation, competitiveness and image enhancement. In nautical tourism, research is still scarce in terms of supporting business’ internationalisation. This paper analyses factors constraining the international growth of island-based nautical tourism organisations. For the research, a sample of 60 nautical tourism SMEs´ owners of six different islands in the Macaronesia Region (Canary Islands, Madeira and Cape Verde archipelagos) were interviewed. As a result, we provide up to date information about current conditions and barriers to the internationalisation process within the segment and also identify the profile of the firms with the best international performance. The study is of great usefulness for the industry as it guides on the areas that require special attention to enhance those social, environmental and economic conditions of nautical tourism firms that ensure sustainable international growth. Moreover, it helps policymakers of island destinations seeking specialisation and positioning within the international nautical tourism market to raise the efficiency of current incentive mechanisms for internationalisation, thus contributing to increase tourism competitiveness. Finally, the study highlights the importance of fostering wider cooperation among islands with common interests in nautical specialisation and the challenges that this represents for the tourism management.
Yen E. Lam-González; Chaitanya Suárez-Rojas; Carmelo J. León. Factors Constraining International Growth in Nautical Tourism Firms. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6846 .
AMA StyleYen E. Lam-González, Chaitanya Suárez-Rojas, Carmelo J. León. Factors Constraining International Growth in Nautical Tourism Firms. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen E. Lam-González; Chaitanya Suárez-Rojas; Carmelo J. León. 2019. "Factors Constraining International Growth in Nautical Tourism Firms." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6846.
Maritime tourism has become a competitive opportunity for many island destinations in search of sustainable development. This article aims to analyze the hypothesis that tourist satisfaction with nautical destinations depends on the experience of previous visits to competing destinations. This hypothesis is relevant in order to ascertain the extent of potential coopetition between tourist destinations from the point of view of the consumers. This may ask for the need of cooperation within the competitive environment in which tourist destinations manage sustainability. The evidence is obtained from the case of Cape Verde, an archipelago strongly committed to the development of the nautical sector. Survey data from nautical tourists’ satisfaction visiting Cape Verde is modeled utilizing an ordinal logistic approach. Results show that tourist satisfaction with Cape Verde increases with the authenticity of the cultural experience offered by the destination, the diversity and quality of the nautical offer and the security perceived. Moreover, tourists declaring a satisfactory travel experience in other recently visited islands have higher levels of satisfaction with the nautical destination of Cape Verde. This suggests that proper strategies for nautical tourism development in these islands should not only allow tourists to discover the best cultural and local values of the destination, but also enhance their awareness of the quality of the experience provided by island competitors and, therefore establishing a benchmark for the common benefit of all island destinations becomes of interest. In this regard, coopetition strategies among islands with common interests of specialization may allow them to gain better positioning in the international nautical tourism market, and contribute to tourism development and the sustainability of the industry.
Yen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León; Javier De León. Coopetition in Maritime Tourism: Assessing the Effect of Previous Islands’ Choice and Experience in Tourist Satisfaction. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6334 .
AMA StyleYen E. Lam-González, Carmelo J. León, Javier De León. Coopetition in Maritime Tourism: Assessing the Effect of Previous Islands’ Choice and Experience in Tourist Satisfaction. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León; Javier De León. 2019. "Coopetition in Maritime Tourism: Assessing the Effect of Previous Islands’ Choice and Experience in Tourist Satisfaction." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6334.
Increased competition in tourist destinations and the recent economic crisis directly affect various institutions that manage cultural heritage. In the case of museums, we may need to reflect more on the challenges that stem from the new financial and social situation for their management. The long-term analysis of relationships with stakeholders is a more reliable way of achieving stability to counteract the effects of income reduction. This study involved conducting interviews with directors of four museums, one for each existing management model, contrasting with direct observation and unstructured interviews conducted in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (Spain). The data obtained were analyzed with UCINET (a software package for analyzing social network data), to determine relationship indicators. The research suggests that stakeholder networks, as a competitive advantage in cultural institutions, play an important role in creating or improving cultural heritage products, as well as helping to develop responsible tourism.
Héctor Moreno-Mendoza; Agustín Santana-Talavera; Carmelo J. León. Stakeholders of Cultural Heritage as Responsible Institutional Tourism Product Management Agents. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5192 .
AMA StyleHéctor Moreno-Mendoza, Agustín Santana-Talavera, Carmelo J. León. Stakeholders of Cultural Heritage as Responsible Institutional Tourism Product Management Agents. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHéctor Moreno-Mendoza; Agustín Santana-Talavera; Carmelo J. León. 2019. "Stakeholders of Cultural Heritage as Responsible Institutional Tourism Product Management Agents." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5192.
Climatic conditions may influence the way in which tourists undertake certain activities at destinations. This article proposes and empirically tests a structural equation model to measure the effects of climate perceived comfort on tourists' demand for nautical activities and expenditure decisions during the visit. Using data collected from 255 tourists visiting Cape Verde for maritime recreation, the study finds that satisfaction with weather conditions is the main determinant of the amount of nautical activities consumed by tourists during their visit to the destination. In addition, nautical activities are found to be a mediator of the impact of climate on tourists' satisfaction and on-site expenditure. The results suggest implications for tourism policy, highlighting the importance of the design of climate-oriented products and services for improving nautical tourism experience, foster technological innovation, and promote economic impact.
Yen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León; Javier de León. Assessing the effects of the climatic satisfaction on nautical tourists' on-site activities and expenditure decisions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2019, 14, 100372 .
AMA StyleYen E. Lam-González, Carmelo J. León, Javier de León. Assessing the effects of the climatic satisfaction on nautical tourists' on-site activities and expenditure decisions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2019; 14 ():100372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León; Javier de León. 2019. "Assessing the effects of the climatic satisfaction on nautical tourists' on-site activities and expenditure decisions." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 14, no. : 100372.
This article proposes a complex network methodology for the process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) that limits subjectivity and reduces uncertainty by incorporating elements of complex systems theory in the stages of identification and assessment of the significance of environmental impacts. The proposed methodology reduces the sources of uncertainty, which emerge from the use of simplified models that analyse the environment-activity interactions in a unidirectional fashion. This proposal determines the significance of environmental impacts through multidirectional or complex causal relationships. Likewise, it limits the subjectivity of the evaluator by using these causality relationships instead of criteria based on the impacts’ attributes. The application of the proposed methodology demonstrates the advantages of (i) prioritizing the impacts according to their capacity to interact with other impacts, and (ii) the possibility to redirect the environmental management plans towards the prevention of impacts of higher complexity and to reduce the importance of derived impacts. The application of the proposed methodology reveals that the percentage of irrelevant and moderate impacts is reduced, whereas the percentage of severe and critical impacts increase, in comparison to the conventional methodologies.
Liven Fernando Martínez; Javier Toro; Carmelo J. León. A complex network approach to environmental impact assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2018, 37, 407 -420.
AMA StyleLiven Fernando Martínez, Javier Toro, Carmelo J. León. A complex network approach to environmental impact assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2018; 37 (5):407-420.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiven Fernando Martínez; Javier Toro; Carmelo J. León. 2018. "A complex network approach to environmental impact assessment." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 37, no. 5: 407-420.
El clima es un atributo del destino capaz de influir en el comportamiento turístico, especialmente en aquellos segmentos motivados por el ocio y la recreación al aire libre. En turismo náutico, el clima es esencial, porque condiciona la realización de la actividad náutica. Frente a la escasez de investigaciones que estudien la relación entre clima y comportamiento náutico, este artículo propone un modelo de regresión logística ordinal, que permite medir el impacto del clima en la cantidad de actividades náuticas, el número de visitas al destino y la satisfacción global del turista, y compararlo con el efecto del resto de atributos. Como resultado de encuestar a 201 turistas náuticos, nacionales y extranjeros, de visita en la Ruta del Sol (Ecuador) en el 2015, se ha podido comprobar que la satisfacción climática del practicante náutico es esencial para garantizar su satisfacción con el destino. El estudio también pone de relieve el efecto dominante que ejerce el clima sobre el comportamiento náutico y la fidelidad del turista extranjero, lo que demuestra la importancia de trabajar en el diseño de productos y servicios con información climático-meteorológica, para la gestión del turismo náutico internacional en este destino. Sin embargo, en aras de elevar la fidelidad y estimular el consumo náutico del mercado nacional, se requiere trabajar en otros aspectos, que se descubren a lo largo de este trabajo.
Yen E. Lam González; Carmelo J. León González; Javier De León Ledesma. El clima y su relación con las actividades, la fidelidad y la satisfacción del turista náutico que visita la Ruta del Sol (Ecuador). Innovar 2018, 28, 41 -57.
AMA StyleYen E. Lam González, Carmelo J. León González, Javier De León Ledesma. El clima y su relación con las actividades, la fidelidad y la satisfacción del turista náutico que visita la Ruta del Sol (Ecuador). Innovar. 2018; 28 (67):41-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen E. Lam González; Carmelo J. León González; Javier De León Ledesma. 2018. "El clima y su relación con las actividades, la fidelidad y la satisfacción del turista náutico que visita la Ruta del Sol (Ecuador)." Innovar 28, no. 67: 41-57.
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the perception of risk by international travellers. There are multiple risks facing tourism that contribute to the formation of perception of risk. It is necessary to identify the different types of risks that are perceived in tourist destinations. This paper suggests policies and techniques to mitigate the risk perceptions in tourism. Design/methodology/approach A preliminary questionnaire survey was conducted to test the types of risks that are perceived in international destinations. The data were further analysed with factor analysis to measure the dimension of risk perceptions. Findings The main results point to the existence of five types of risk affecting tourists during international travel: health risk, risk of suffering from crime and delinquency, accident risk, environmental risk and risk from disasters. Result shows that uncontrollable risks are perceived as more important than those which are more controllable. Originality/value As the existing literature on perception of risk in tourism does not contain a substantially detailed discussion relating to types of risk in international destinations and its contribution to the formation of risk perceptions, this paper may contribute to a better understanding of risk perception. The results could assist in decision-making and have implications for the management of risks.
Rita R. Carballo; Carmelo J. León; María M. Carballo. The perception of risk by international travellers. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 2017, 9, 534 -542.
AMA StyleRita R. Carballo, Carmelo J. León, María M. Carballo. The perception of risk by international travellers. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. 2017; 9 (5):534-542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita R. Carballo; Carmelo J. León; María M. Carballo. 2017. "The perception of risk by international travellers." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 5: 534-542.
Rita R. Carballo; Carmelo J. León. The influence of artistically recreated nature on the image of tourist destinations: Lanzarote's art, cultural and tourism visitor centres and their links to sustainable tourism marketing. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2017, 26, 192 -204.
AMA StyleRita R. Carballo, Carmelo J. León. The influence of artistically recreated nature on the image of tourist destinations: Lanzarote's art, cultural and tourism visitor centres and their links to sustainable tourism marketing. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2017; 26 (2):192-204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita R. Carballo; Carmelo J. León. 2017. "The influence of artistically recreated nature on the image of tourist destinations: Lanzarote's art, cultural and tourism visitor centres and their links to sustainable tourism marketing." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 26, no. 2: 192-204.
El turismo náutico se concibe como un segmento estratégico para el desarrollo turístico de España y sus destinos costeros. En Canarias existe una apuesta pública por la especialización del Archipiélago y su reposicionamiento como destino líder europeo de escala en el Atlántico, por las múltiples cualidades naturales que posee la región para el deporte náutico, y su posición geográfica estratégica en el cruce desde Europa hacia el Caribe. Así, se viene planteando una renovación y desarrollo del sector de la náutica de recreo y el turismo de yates, con estrategias enfocadas a la diversificación y el crecimiento. Los altos costes sociales y medioambientales asociados a este tipo de desarrollo justifican la necesidad de una mayor atención académica, que permita comprender las particularidades y complejidades de la actividad y este mercado turístico. En la misma medida en que esta actividad es vista como un factor de riesgo para el medioambiente, la comunidad local y la franja litoral, también son crecientes las preocupaciones y sensibilidad por parte de los turistas hacia estos fenómenos. Dada la carencia de investigaciones en el área, este estudio se propone identificar los determinantes de la satisfacción de los navegantes europeos con los puertos de escala de Canarias. Como resultado de encuestar a 185 navegantes europeos durante su escala en seis puertos deportivos del archipiélago en 2014 y 2015, y la validación de un sistema de ecuaciones estructurales, se ha podido demostrar, entre otros aspectos, que existe una predilección en el mercado de navegantes europeos por presenciar esfuerzos y políticas de gestión ambiental sostenible en las marinas, siendo éste un factor determinante de su satisfacción. Los hallazgos permiten elaborar una serie de recomendaciones a gestores y operadores turísticos del sector, en aras de contribuir al diseño de estrategias que garanticen un desarrollo más sostenible y razonable de la actividad, basados en el efecto positivo que producen estas estrategias en la demanda, y el potencial valor de diferenciación turística que otorga, en el entorno competitivo del sector.
Yen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León; Matías M. González Hernández. Determinantes de la satisfacción de los navegantes europeos con los puertos de escala de Canarias (España). Études caribéennes 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleYen E. Lam-González, Carmelo J. León, Matías M. González Hernández. Determinantes de la satisfacción de los navegantes europeos con los puertos de escala de Canarias (España). Études caribéennes. 2017; (36):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen E. Lam-González; Carmelo J. León; Matías M. González Hernández. 2017. "Determinantes de la satisfacción de los navegantes europeos con los puertos de escala de Canarias (España)." Études caribéennes , no. 36: 1.
The Republic of Colombia is located in the northwest of South America and is the only country bordering the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea (Figure 1). It has an area of 1,141,748 km2 (440,831 mi
Javier De León; Carmelo J. León. Colombia. Encyclopedia of Tourism 2016, 161 -162.
AMA StyleJavier De León, Carmelo J. León. Colombia. Encyclopedia of Tourism. 2016; ():161-162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier De León; Carmelo J. León. 2016. "Colombia." Encyclopedia of Tourism , no. : 161-162.