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Air pollution and climate change are closely interlinked, once both share common emission sources, which mainly arise from fuel combustion and industrial processes. Climate mitigation actions bring co-benefits on air quality and human health. However, specific solutions can provide negative trade-offs for one side. The Portuguese Carbon Neutrality Roadmap was developed to assess conceivable cost-effective pathways to achieve zero net carbon emissions by 2050. Assessing its impacts, on air pollutant emissions, is the main focus of the present work. The bottom-up linear optimization energy system the integrated MARKAL-EFOM system (TIMES) model was selected as a modeling tool for the decarbonization scenarios assessment. The estimation of air pollutant emissions was performed exogenously to the TIMES model. Results show that reaching net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is possible, and technologically feasible, in Portugal, by 2050. The crucial and most cost-effective vector for decarbonizing the national economy is the end-use energy consumption electrification, renewable based, across all end-use sectors. Decarbonization efforts were found to have strong co-benefits for reducing air pollutant emissions in Portugal. Transport and power generation are the sectors with the greatest potential to reduce GHG emissions, providing likewise the most significant reductions of air pollutant emissions. Despite the overall positive effects, there are antagonistic effects, such as the use of biomass, mainly in industry and residential sectors, which translates into increases in particulate matter emissions. This is relevant for medium term projections, since results show that, by 2030, PM2.5 emissions are unlikely to meet the emission reduction commitments set at the European level, if no additional control measures are considered.
Joana Monjardino; Luís Dias; Patrícia Fortes; Hugo Tente; Francisco Ferreira; Júlia Seixas. Carbon Neutrality Pathways Effects on Air Pollutant Emissions: The Portuguese Case. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 324 .
AMA StyleJoana Monjardino, Luís Dias, Patrícia Fortes, Hugo Tente, Francisco Ferreira, Júlia Seixas. Carbon Neutrality Pathways Effects on Air Pollutant Emissions: The Portuguese Case. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (3):324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Monjardino; Luís Dias; Patrícia Fortes; Hugo Tente; Francisco Ferreira; Júlia Seixas. 2021. "Carbon Neutrality Pathways Effects on Air Pollutant Emissions: The Portuguese Case." Atmosphere 12, no. 3: 324.
L.P. Dias; S. Simões; J.P. Gouveia; Julia Seixas. City energy modelling - Optimising local low carbon transitions with household budget constraints. Energy Strategy Reviews 2019, 26, 1 .
AMA StyleL.P. Dias, S. Simões, J.P. Gouveia, Julia Seixas. City energy modelling - Optimising local low carbon transitions with household budget constraints. Energy Strategy Reviews. 2019; 26 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL.P. Dias; S. Simões; J.P. Gouveia; Julia Seixas. 2019. "City energy modelling - Optimising local low carbon transitions with household budget constraints." Energy Strategy Reviews 26, no. : 1.
Sofia Simoes; Luís Dias; João Pedro Gouveia; Julia Seixas; R. De Miglio; A. Chiodi; M. Gargiulo; G. Long; G. Giannakidis. InSmart – A methodology for combining modelling with stakeholder input towards EU cities decarbonisation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 231, 428 -445.
AMA StyleSofia Simoes, Luís Dias, João Pedro Gouveia, Julia Seixas, R. De Miglio, A. Chiodi, M. Gargiulo, G. Long, G. Giannakidis. InSmart – A methodology for combining modelling with stakeholder input towards EU cities decarbonisation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 231 ():428-445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofia Simoes; Luís Dias; João Pedro Gouveia; Julia Seixas; R. De Miglio; A. Chiodi; M. Gargiulo; G. Long; G. Giannakidis. 2019. "InSmart – A methodology for combining modelling with stakeholder input towards EU cities decarbonisation." Journal of Cleaner Production 231, no. : 428-445.
This paper analyses São Paulo megacity’s (Brazil) current and future energy system through the development of an urban energy model, using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System simulation software, covering the period from 2014 to 2030. The paper explores pathways for increasing renewable and endogenous energy resources in the megacity, reducing its dependency on energy imports and its greenhouse gases emissions. Seven scenarios are modelled considering an integrated multisector energy demand projection that combines energy endogenous potential assessment with improving access of the population to city’ energy services. Currently, São Paulo imports 99% of its energy (% of exogenous resources). In 2030, 31% of endogenous resources can be achieved under a Business as Usual scenario, as well as a reduction up to 43% of greenhouse gases emissions from 2014 levels, by promoting both demand-side and supply-side energy efficiency. When considering better energy services’ access for city inhabitants, accompanied by urban energy policies, a maximum of 25% of endogenous energy share in 2030 and an emission decrease of 24% below 2014 emissions is likely to be reached.
Flávia Mendes De Almeida Collaço; Luís Pereira Dias; Sofia G. Simoes; Tomislav Pukšec; Júlia Seixas; Célio Bermann. What if São Paulo (Brazil) would like to become a renewable and endogenous energy -based megacity? Renewable Energy 2019, 138, 416 -433.
AMA StyleFlávia Mendes De Almeida Collaço, Luís Pereira Dias, Sofia G. Simoes, Tomislav Pukšec, Júlia Seixas, Célio Bermann. What if São Paulo (Brazil) would like to become a renewable and endogenous energy -based megacity? Renewable Energy. 2019; 138 ():416-433.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávia Mendes De Almeida Collaço; Luís Pereira Dias; Sofia G. Simoes; Tomislav Pukšec; Júlia Seixas; Célio Bermann. 2019. "What if São Paulo (Brazil) would like to become a renewable and endogenous energy -based megacity?" Renewable Energy 138, no. : 416-433.
Energy use in cities has attracted significant research in recent years and city level energy planning is becoming a required task driven by the contribution of decentralized renewable electricity production and a demand-side approach towards greenhouse gases emissions reduction. However, traditional energy planning approaches are limited because they tend to focus on technology substitution. We argue that a more ambitious and holistic urban energy planning approach is desirable. This paper proposes a novel method to integrated Energy and Urban Planning solutions assessment by modeling and quantifying urban energy planning strategies impact in terms of energy savings, greenhouse gases emission reduction and in increasing cities renewable distributed and local energy generation. We apply the approach to São Paulo megacity using the LEAP_SP urban energy simulation model (from 2014-2030) through four scenarios. Results showed that by using a traditional energy planning approach, it is possible to reach 2% energy savings from the current situation, 18% greenhouse gas emission reduction and a three-fold increase in renewables deployment. When applying only urban planning strategies these benefits are of 10% energy savings, 8% greenhouse gas emission reduction and one-fold increase in renewables deployment. If a more holistic urban energy approach is adopted by integrating both energy and urban planning policies, gains increase to 12% energy savings, 30% greenhouse gases emission reductions, and a four-fold increase in renewable distributed and local electricity generation from the current city status.
Flávia Mendes De Almeida Collaço; Sofia G. Simoes; Luís Pereira Dias; Neven Duic; Júlia Seixas; Célio Bermann. The dawn of urban energy planning – Synergies between energy and urban planning for São Paulo (Brazil) megacity. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 215, 458 -479.
AMA StyleFlávia Mendes De Almeida Collaço, Sofia G. Simoes, Luís Pereira Dias, Neven Duic, Júlia Seixas, Célio Bermann. The dawn of urban energy planning – Synergies between energy and urban planning for São Paulo (Brazil) megacity. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 215 ():458-479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávia Mendes De Almeida Collaço; Sofia G. Simoes; Luís Pereira Dias; Neven Duic; Júlia Seixas; Célio Bermann. 2019. "The dawn of urban energy planning – Synergies between energy and urban planning for São Paulo (Brazil) megacity." Journal of Cleaner Production 215, no. : 458-479.
Julia Seixas; Sofia Simoes; João Pedro Gouveia; Luís Dias. The smart city of Évora. Smart City Emergence 2019, 21 -50.
AMA StyleJulia Seixas, Sofia Simoes, João Pedro Gouveia, Luís Dias. The smart city of Évora. Smart City Emergence. 2019; ():21-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Seixas; Sofia Simoes; João Pedro Gouveia; Luís Dias. 2019. "The smart city of Évora." Smart City Emergence , no. : 21-50.
The recent decrease in solar photovoltaic (PV) investment cost has transformed the attractiveness of the technology. Southern Europe has one of the highest levels of solar radiation in the world, and policy makers are very keen to take full advantage of this resource for electricity and heat production. However, physiographic characteristics and specific land uses (e.g. agro-forestry and nature conservation) present important spatial constraints. This paper proposes a methodology for the evaluation of utility-scale solar PV projects’ (>1 MW) technical potential. The municipality of Évora (Portugal) was used as a case study, considering topographical features and spatial planning regulations. Three compatible scenarios for solar PV farms and other competing land uses were studied. The assessment was carried out using a geographic information system and statistical tools. It was conducted for four sizes of PV project (1, 10, 20 and 30 MW) consisting of two different technology types: concentrated PV and crystalline-silicon tracking PV. Concentrated PV 1 MW projects were found to have greater adaptability for use in available areas dispersed throughout the territory, while preserving land for agriculture and nature conservation. The scenario with land primacy for agricultural purposes reduced PV technical potential by more than half (from 2494 to 1116 MW). Nevertheless, the remaining potential was sufficient to cover substantial shares of local annual electricity consumption. The results provided support for future spatial planning regulations and local sustainable energy action plans.
Luís Dias; João Pedro Gouveia; Paulo Lourenço; Júlia Seixas. Interplay between the potential of photovoltaic systems and agricultural land use. Land Use Policy 2018, 81, 725 -735.
AMA StyleLuís Dias, João Pedro Gouveia, Paulo Lourenço, Júlia Seixas. Interplay between the potential of photovoltaic systems and agricultural land use. Land Use Policy. 2018; 81 ():725-735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Dias; João Pedro Gouveia; Paulo Lourenço; Júlia Seixas. 2018. "Interplay between the potential of photovoltaic systems and agricultural land use." Land Use Policy 81, no. : 725-735.
S. G. Simoes; L. Dias; J.P. Gouveia; Julia Seixas; R. De Miglio; A. Chiodi; M. Gargiulo; G. Long; G. Giannakidis. INSMART – Insights on integrated modelling of EU cities energy system transition. Energy Strategy Reviews 2018, 20, 150 -155.
AMA StyleS. G. Simoes, L. Dias, J.P. Gouveia, Julia Seixas, R. De Miglio, A. Chiodi, M. Gargiulo, G. Long, G. Giannakidis. INSMART – Insights on integrated modelling of EU cities energy system transition. Energy Strategy Reviews. 2018; 20 ():150-155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. G. Simoes; L. Dias; J.P. Gouveia; Julia Seixas; R. De Miglio; A. Chiodi; M. Gargiulo; G. Long; G. Giannakidis. 2018. "INSMART – Insights on integrated modelling of EU cities energy system transition." Energy Strategy Reviews 20, no. : 150-155.
In order to achieve the goal of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change to limit average global temperature rise to well under 2 °C, concerted action will be needed in cities to manage energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But, what can be done at city level to move towards such a global ambitious target? The project InSMART (Integrative Smart City Planning) brought together four EU cities: Évora (Portugal), Cesena (Italy), Nottingham (UK) and Trikala (Greece), and scientific organizations in these countries in order to try and provide some answers to this question. A methodology was established for enhancing sustainable energy planning for future city needs through an integrative and multidisciplinary approach, including City Energy System Models (ESM), development of different scenarios with a participatory workshop approach, and a multi-criteria assessment for the final ranking of measures and the development of a Sustainable Energy Action Plan. It is important not to overestimate the contribution and the area of influence of city-agents to the global GHG target; but it is undoubted that municipalities are extremely well positioned for actions related to households, and their consumption in buildings and transport, for bridging locally the gap between what is perceived/known and what would be economically and technically feasible and for urban planning with a focus on significant benefits for GHG emissions reduction.
George Giannakidis; Maurizio Gargiulo; Rocco De Miglio; Alessandro Chiodi; Julia Seixas; Sofia Simoes; Luis Dias; João Pedro Gouveia. Challenges Faced When Addressing the Role of Cities Towards a Below Two Degrees World. The Interrelationship Between Financial and Energy Markets 2018, 373 -389.
AMA StyleGeorge Giannakidis, Maurizio Gargiulo, Rocco De Miglio, Alessandro Chiodi, Julia Seixas, Sofia Simoes, Luis Dias, João Pedro Gouveia. Challenges Faced When Addressing the Role of Cities Towards a Below Two Degrees World. The Interrelationship Between Financial and Energy Markets. 2018; ():373-389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge Giannakidis; Maurizio Gargiulo; Rocco De Miglio; Alessandro Chiodi; Julia Seixas; Sofia Simoes; Luis Dias; João Pedro Gouveia. 2018. "Challenges Faced When Addressing the Role of Cities Towards a Below Two Degrees World." The Interrelationship Between Financial and Energy Markets , no. : 373-389.
Natural gas plays an important role in the Southern cone energy system, and is expected to increase in primary supply in the future. This paper presents a new energy systems model for the Southern Cone region of Latin America, covering five regions (Argentina, Bolivia, South and Centre Chile, North Chile, and Brazil) with the aim to explore, up to 2030, the interplay between (i) the expected consumption of natural gas for electricity generation and end-use consumption (i.e. residential, commercial, transport and industry) in each country, (ii) the inter- and intra-country potential role as producer and consumer of natural gas, and (iii) the possible supply network of LNG and natural gas via pipeline and domestic production. It is found that, under a Constrained Investment Scenario, the gross domestic gas production of the Southern Cone from 2012 to 2030 could be 62 Tcf, whereas under an Unconstrained Scenario, it could rise to 75 Tcf. This highlights the economic potential of the unconventional gas resources of Argentina and projections of associated gas from the Campos and Santos basins in Brazil. However, accessing these resources poses financial challenges. Nonetheless, results clearly indicate significant potential for an increase in regional natural gas trade in the Southern Cone
Mauro F. Chávez-Rodríguez; Luís Dias; Sofia Simoes; Júlia Seixas; Adam Hawkes; Alexandre Szklo; André F P Lucena. Modelling the natural gas dynamics in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Applied Energy 2017, 201, 219 -239.
AMA StyleMauro F. Chávez-Rodríguez, Luís Dias, Sofia Simoes, Júlia Seixas, Adam Hawkes, Alexandre Szklo, André F P Lucena. Modelling the natural gas dynamics in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Applied Energy. 2017; 201 ():219-239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro F. Chávez-Rodríguez; Luís Dias; Sofia Simoes; Júlia Seixas; Adam Hawkes; Alexandre Szklo; André F P Lucena. 2017. "Modelling the natural gas dynamics in the Southern Cone of Latin America." Applied Energy 201, no. : 219-239.
This paper estimates the amounts of critical metals required for the deployment of the 2050 Low Carbon Roadmap for Portugal and assesses how including concerns with their availability within the TIMES_PT energy system model affects the profile of low-carbon electricity technologies for 2050. We conclude that long-term availability of dysprosium, neodymium, tellurium and indium might be a cause of concern for deploying wind and PV plants in the long-term. We estimate that if limited supply of critical metals is considered in the model there will be less 4.65 GW of PV, less 2.89 GW of wind and more 4.54 GW of wave power.
Sofia Simoes; Patrícia Fortes; Luis Dias; Júlia Seixas; Simoes Sofia. Assessing critical metal needs for a low carbon energy system in 2050. 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) 2015, 1 -5.
AMA StyleSofia Simoes, Patrícia Fortes, Luis Dias, Júlia Seixas, Simoes Sofia. Assessing critical metal needs for a low carbon energy system in 2050. 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). 2015; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofia Simoes; Patrícia Fortes; Luis Dias; Júlia Seixas; Simoes Sofia. 2015. "Assessing critical metal needs for a low carbon energy system in 2050." 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) , no. : 1-5.
Julia Seixas; Sofia Simoes; Luís Dias; A. Kanudia; Patrícia Fortes; M. Gargiulo. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of electric vehicles in European countries using integrated modeling. Energy Policy 2015, 80, 165 -176.
AMA StyleJulia Seixas, Sofia Simoes, Luís Dias, A. Kanudia, Patrícia Fortes, M. Gargiulo. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of electric vehicles in European countries using integrated modeling. Energy Policy. 2015; 80 ():165-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Seixas; Sofia Simoes; Luís Dias; A. Kanudia; Patrícia Fortes; M. Gargiulo. 2015. "Assessing the cost-effectiveness of electric vehicles in European countries using integrated modeling." Energy Policy 80, no. : 165-176.
A key objective of IEA-ETSAP is to assist decision makers in robustly developing, implementing and assessing the impact of energy and climate mitigation policies. This chapter focuses on four case studies, in which there is clear evidence of a direct link between the use of MARKAL and TIMES scenario modelling activities and the resulting policy decisions. The case studies selected assess how the (i) UK MARKAL model informed the development of energy and climate mitigation policy in the UK, focusing on the Energy White Paper in 2003, the Energy White Paper in 2007 and the Climate Change Act in 2008; (ii) Irish TIMES model informed the development of climate mitigation legislation in Ireland in 2014 and Ireland’s negotiating position regarding the EU 2030 Climate Energy Package in 2014; (iii) TIMES_PT model informed climate policy in Portugal in the last 10 years and has supported the design of climate mitigation policies; (iv) IEA ETP Model informed the G8 in responding to the 2005 Gleneagles Plan of Action and has supported the work of the Major Economies Forum and Clean Energy Ministerial. This chapter collates methodologies and results from these different case studies and summarizes some key findings regarding (i) policy frameworks and goals; (ii) how policy makers have been intertwined with the modelling tool during the modelling process; (iii) the role of the economic stakeholders dialogue; (iv) main insights from the modelling exercises; (v) lessons learnt: from effective contributions to real limitations and (vi) recommendations.
Alessandro Chiodi; Peter G. Taylor; Júlia Seixas; Sofia Simões; Patrícia Fortes; João Pedro Gouveia; Luís Dias; Brian Ó Gallachóir. Energy Policies Influenced by Energy Systems Modelling—Case Studies in UK, Ireland, Portugal and G8. The Interrelationship Between Financial and Energy Markets 2015, 30, 15 -41.
AMA StyleAlessandro Chiodi, Peter G. Taylor, Júlia Seixas, Sofia Simões, Patrícia Fortes, João Pedro Gouveia, Luís Dias, Brian Ó Gallachóir. Energy Policies Influenced by Energy Systems Modelling—Case Studies in UK, Ireland, Portugal and G8. The Interrelationship Between Financial and Energy Markets. 2015; 30 ():15-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Chiodi; Peter G. Taylor; Júlia Seixas; Sofia Simões; Patrícia Fortes; João Pedro Gouveia; Luís Dias; Brian Ó Gallachóir. 2015. "Energy Policies Influenced by Energy Systems Modelling—Case Studies in UK, Ireland, Portugal and G8." The Interrelationship Between Financial and Energy Markets 30, no. : 15-41.
João Pedro Gouveia; Luís Dias; Inês Martins; Julia Seixas. Effects of renewables penetration on the security of Portuguese electricity supply. Applied Energy 2014, 123, 438 -447.
AMA StyleJoão Pedro Gouveia, Luís Dias, Inês Martins, Julia Seixas. Effects of renewables penetration on the security of Portuguese electricity supply. Applied Energy. 2014; 123 ():438-447.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Pedro Gouveia; Luís Dias; Inês Martins; Julia Seixas. 2014. "Effects of renewables penetration on the security of Portuguese electricity supply." Applied Energy 123, no. : 438-447.