Biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles were synthesized as a result of the cultivation of Klebsiella oxytoca microorganisms. The distribution of nanoparticles in the body of laboratory animals and the physical properties of the nanoparticles were studied. The synthesized ferrihydrite nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature, and the characteristic blocking temperature is 23–25 K. The uncompensated moment of ferrihydrite particles was determined to be approximately 200 Bohr magnetons. In vitro testing of different concentrations of ferrihydrite nanoparticles for the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes by the chemiluminescence method showed an increase in the release of primary oxygen radicals by blood phagocytes when exposed to a minimum concentration and a decrease in secondary radicals when exposed to a maximum concentration. In vivo testing of ferrihydrite nanoparticles on Wister rats showed that a suspension of ferrihydrite nanoparticles has chronic toxicity, since it causes morphological changes in organs, mainly in the spleen, which are characterized by the accumulation of hemosiderin nanoparticles (stained blue according to Perls). Ferrihydrite can also directly or indirectly stimulate the proliferation and intracellular regeneration of hepatocytes. The partial detection of Perls-positive cells in the liver and kidneys can be explained by the rapid elimination from organs and the high dispersion of the nanomaterial. Thus, it is necessary to carry out studies of these processes at the systemic level, since the introduction of nanoparticles into the body is characterized by adaptive-proliferative processes, accompanied by the development of cell dystrophy and tension of the phagocytic system.

Диагностика, клиника и лечение описторхоза

Studies monitoring the impact of different types of industrial pollution on ecosystems using the histomorphological method have been conducted. The stages of formation and development of changes in the main body systems of the organism in mouselike rodents living near rivers of the Norilsk industrial region are noted. Despite their external well-being, numerous structural morphological pathologies were found in the organs and tissues of the examined mice that inhabit the polluted territories. Disorders of the hematopoietic organs and an imbalance of the organs of the endocrine system may be a consequence of disruption of stabilizing mechanisms or of the accelerated depletion of reserve capacities of the systems under study.

Nasal mucous membrane microbiocenosis Research amongst patients with polypous rhinosinusitis is conducted. Patients with polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS, n = 58) aged from 18 till 64 years and group of control (n = 156). For an microflora assessment of nasal mucous membrane during an exacerbation of a disease carried out crops of microorga nisms on nutrient differential and diagnostic agars. When studying the microflora received from nasal mucous membrane 407 cultures of microorganisms at PRS were revealed. In control group of 174 microorganisms cultures are revealed. Among isolates were established 6 genera of 9 species of bacteria at PRS against 6 genera and 8 species in group of control. Microflora quantitative structure research of nasal mucous membrane at PRS of rather control group considerable prevalence of the microorganisms belonging to the sorts Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, and also to Enterobacteriaceae was revealed. It is also revealed increase S. pneumoniae. When determining specific accessory of the microorganisms relating to the Staphylococcus genera in PRS group concerning control the increase in total number of the strains of S. aureus relating to coagulase-positive and S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis relating to coagulase-negative staphylococcus was established. A big variety the coagulase-negative of Staphylococcus is also revealed: S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. cohnii, S. capitis, S. hyicius and S. xylosus. In control group of such types as S. capitis and S. hyicius it isnt revealed. Thus at a polypous rhinosinusitis nasal mucous membrane the expressed dysbacteriosis takes place. The analysis of frequency of occurrence of the microorganisms belonging to different childbirth showed that in PRS group bacteria of the sort Streptococcus and this Nesseria, and also S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes were most often allocated concerning control. The frequency prevalence analysis of the gene ra Staphylococcus related bacteria, allocated from nasal mucous membrane showed high detection percent as the coagulase-positive of Staphylococcus which to treat golden staphylococcus, and the coagu-lase-negative staphylococcus, such as S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. cohnii, S. capitis, S. hyicius and S. xylosus in PRS group concerning control. The carried-out analysis virulent and the persistent of properties of Staphylococcus revealed features of the enzymatic device defining the clinical course of a disease: staphylococcus, it is long vegetative on a mucous membrane of a nose change the properties towards increase of resistance to bactericidal influence of natural resistance that probably tells them additional selective benefits at development of inflammatory process.

Currently, the implementation of innovative non-invasive methods for controlling the state of the human organism under stress conditions is highly actual. Long-time intellectual burdens lead to the chronic stress and may result in the exhaustion of antioxidant system. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of the antioxidant status in saliva under the conditions of intensive intellectual activities. In order to carry out the experiment, we collected the cohort of 123students aged from 20 to 22 years of the second and third years of the V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. The examined materials, namely saliva, had been taken by direct spitting into test-tubes. Saliva was collected twice: firstly background sampling had been taken during the course of regular classes when the students were supposed to be in the state of emotional balance; secondly, the test sampling had been made in the time of examination session characterized by considerable intellectual burdens. We carried out questionnaire survey for the students using Spielberger-Hanin and Nemchin-Taylor tests. With the help of these tests, we determined the situational and personal anxiety as well as the predisposition to stress development. Antioxidant status was evaluated by Н2О2-luminol-dependent chemiluminescence technique. Chemiluminescent tests were performed by tablet luminometer TriStar LB 941, (made by Berthold). We had proved the existence of the association between the antioxidant status of saliva and the state of intellectual tension. We have noted that during a session in a group with the high level of uneasiness indices have grown, in a group with the low level of uneasiness they have decreased. We can suppose that in the time of examination sessions there is an increase in the common level of anxiety under the lowering of antioxidant activity. In intellectual stress, the antioxidant system performs the interception of radicals less intensively, because the speed of active forms of oxygen (AFO) neutralization is decreased. So, under the conditions of intensive intellectual activities, the degradation of antioxidant protection is observed. It is caused, supposedly, by the lowering of the activity of the enzymes of peroxidase protection. The pro-oxidant system also works less efficiently. This is confirmed by the decline of such markers of CL-fluorescence as maximum intensity, amplitude and light sum, which showed AFO number.

В статье описываются результаты исследования по оценке воздействия магнитных наночастиц ферригидрита на нейтрофильные гранулоциты крови человека (in vitro) для определения биосовместимости и экотоксичности. Объектами исследования являлись нейтрофильные гранулоциты крови, выделенные у 29 условно здоровых доноров крови и наночастицы, доза препаратов в минимальной концентрации составила 25 мг и в максимальной – 50 мг на 10⁶ клеток в 1 мл. В работе использован золь наночастиц ферригидрита, полученный биогенным синтезом в результате культивирования микроорганизмов Klebsiella oxytoca. Функциональную активность нейтрофильных гранулоцитов крови определяли с помощью люминол-зависимой хемилюминесценции. Наночастицы вносили в опытные пробы непосредственно перед хемилюминесцентным анализом, а также после инкубации в течение 30 минут при температуре 37 °С. В результате оценки раннего ответа нейтрофильных гранулоцитов на воздействие максимальной концентрации НЧ in vitro было обнаружено статистически достоверное уменьшение в 1,6 раза интенсивности, в 2,1 раза площади под кривой в зимозан-индуцированной хемилюминесцентной реакции, а также в 2,3 раза индекса активации. При оценке позднего ответа нейтрофильных гранулоцитов на воздействие максимальной концентрации наночастиц in vitro было обнаружено статистически достоверное снижение времени выхода на пик в 10 раз спонтанной хемилюминесцентной реакции, а также происходит значительное снижение максимальной интенсивности в 6 раз и в 5,6 раза снижается площадь под кривой зимозан-индуцированной хемилюминесценции при воздействии НЧ. При снижении в 3,7 раза индекса активации. Установлено, что наночастицы ферригидрита интенсивно снижают функциональную активность нейтрофильных гранулоцитов. Интенсивность воздействия повышается при предварительной инкубации клеток с НЧ. При этом кратковременный эффект НЧ на нейтрофильные гранулоциты может быть модулирующим и зависит от исходного уровня реактивности клеток. Выявлено, что действие НЧ реализуется только на активированные клетки.