Niemann–Pick type C disease (NPCD) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) characterized by abnormal cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes, impaired autophagy flux, and lysosomal dysfunction. The activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master lysosomal function regulator, reduces the accumulation of lysosomal substrates in LSDs where the degradative capacity of the cells is compromised. Genistein can pass the blood–brain barrier and activate TFEB. Hence, we investigated the effect of TFEB activation by genistein toward correcting the NPC phenotype. We show that genistein promotes TFEB translocation to the nucleus in HeLa TFEB-GFP, Huh7, and SHSY-5Y cells treated with U18666A and NPC1 patient fibroblasts. Genistein treatment improved lysosomal protein expression and autophagic flux, decreasing p62 levels and increasing those of the LC3-II in NPC1 patient fibroblasts. Genistein induced an increase in β-hexosaminidase activity in the culture media of NPC1 patient fibroblasts, suggesting an increase in lysosomal exocytosis, which correlated with a decrease in cholesterol accumulation after filipin staining, including cells treated with U18666A and NPC1 patient fibroblasts. These results support that genistein-mediated TFEB activation corrects pathological phenotypes in NPC models and substantiates the need for further studies on this isoflavonoid as a potential therapeutic agent to treat NPCD and other LSDs with neurological compromise.

Background: Prehabilitation is a strategy used aiming to reduce the risk factors and complications of surgery procedures, but there is no consensus on the effectiveness of supervised physical exercise and its optimal prescription during this phase. Objectives: To determine the effects of exercise prehabilitation on body composition, functional capacity and quality of life in candidates for bariatric surgery. Search methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, MEDLINE and CINAHL. Selection criteria: Only randomized clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of supervised physical exercise were included. The main outcomes were body composition, functional capacity, quality of life and surgical outcomes. Data collection and analysis: Two researchers independently selected the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias. A third researcher was consulted when a consensus was not reached. The risk of bias was assessed by the tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration, the quality of the evidence by GRADE, and to analyze the effects of prehabilitation on the primary objectives, RevMan software, version 5.3 was used. Main results: The search resulted in 4550 articles, of which 22 met the eligibility criteria, leaving 5 articles selected for this review. One article was assessed as a high bias risk and four as an uncertain risk, which included 139 candidates for bariatric surgery. Most of the studies evaluated the body composition, functional capacity and quality of life; none reported surgical outcomes. Conclusions: Supervised physical exercise has positive effects on the body composition, functional capacity and quality of life; there was no evidence for surgical outcomes, which opens up a field of study for future research of this population.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate an online questionnaire to assess eating habits and physical activity of university students under confinement due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).Design: Generation of a cross-sectional online survey to university students conducted during confinement due to COVID-19. The study was divided into two phases.Settings: Students, Chile.Participants: Phase 1 considered the process of translation and back translation, expert panel, cultural adaptation and the generation of a pilot to validate a preliminary format of the questionnaire. In Phase 2, information from the instrument was collected from two hundred and sixty-eight university students, ages 16 to 30 years old, with a mean age of 21·6 (3·3) The major proportion of participants were female (82 %).Results: The adapted questionnaire was statistically validated in three dimensions: (A) eating habits and behaviours during quarantine, (B) perception of risk and (C) physical activity changes during the quarantine. The reliability of Cronbach’s α for dimensions A, B and C was 0·59, 0·85 and 0·97, respectively. The complete questionnaire obtained 0·61 in internal consistency and 0·61 (0·58–0·67) ICC reliability. A statistically significant positive correlation matrix was observed.Conclusions: This questionnaire is a practical tool to obtain accurate information about the relation of COVID-19 confinement on people’s eating habits and physical activity. Therefore, it could contribute to establishing appropriate strategies to prevent negative effects on people’s health.

Introducción. La alteración de la autopercepción del estado nutricional (EN) es la discordancia entre el EN objetivo según índice de masa corporal (IMC), y la percepción del individuo. Los programas que se implementan en Chile con el objetivo de dar respuesta a las estrategias de promoción y prevención de salud, así como la vigilancia nutricional de la población bajo control del sistema público, utilizan el IMC como indicador del EN objetivo. Este estudio analizó la asociación entre la alteración de la autopercepción del EN el estilo y la calidad de vida en Chile. Metodología. Estudio transversal analítico de datos secundarios de 5.483 participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-2017 de ≥15 años. El EN fue determinado por IMC, y la autopercepción, la calidad y los estilos de vida se determinaron mediante auto reporte. Resultados. Se incluyeron 5.483 participantes representativo de 14,449,868 [95% IC 13.540.101-15.359.635] ≥15 años residentes en Chile. Se observó que el 51% de la población presenta discordancia del EN, 47% [95%CI 46.96 – 47.04] subestima su EN y 4.1% [95%CI 3.3-5.1] lo sobreestima. Quienes tuvieron un EN percibido y objetivo concordante, presentaron mejor percepción de la calidad de vida y mejor cumplimiento de algunas de las recomendaciones de las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABAs). Ser hombre > 30 años y tener < 8 años de escolaridad fueron los factores más influyentes en la discordancia de la autopercepción del EN. Conclusión. La discordancia del EN está asociada a un mayor riesgo de mala calidad de vida e incumplimiento de las GABAs en la población chilena de ≥ 15 años. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de considerar la autopercepción del EN como un determinante del comportamiento en salud en los programas y políticas públicas.

Objective: To explore the main hygiene and food safety measures for food services in hospital environments during the period of confinement due to COVID-19. Methods: A scoping review of articles published between December 1, 2019 and August 30, 2020, in PubMed and EMBASE databases respectively, was developed. As eligibility criteria, studies were included that will report outcome measures that will incorporate aspects of hygiene or food safety in hospital enviroments and / or food production units. Results: 5.359 articles were identified, of which 14 research papers were incorporated into the analysis. The results were classified according to year of publication, country, objective, research design and findings. 50% of the studies analyzed were narrative reviews and rapid reviews of the literature. The hygiene measures with the highest reporting frequency were the use of masks 35.7% (5 articles) and hand washing 35.7% (5 articles). Conclusions: The analysis of the evidence of the currently recommended measures indicates that, with regard to hand washing and the use of masks, the evidence has a high degree of certainty. Regarding the recommendations for environmental hygiene, the prevention of food contamination and the use of alcohol gel, the evidence is of low methodological rigor.