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This work aims to monitor air quality in places where humans spend most of their time, such as workplaces and homes. Radon gas is a naturally occurring, colourless, odourless and tasteless gas that accumulates in enclosed spaces. It is a radioactive element produced by the decay of its natural parent elements, uranium and thorium, which is harmful to our respiratory system when inhaled. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the key to the problems of contemporary life; we are witnessing an emerging connected world, and these architectures have the potential by using sensors to take data from the physical world, transfer it over the network and store it for further decision making or action. The proposal of this work is based on a radon sensor connected to an IoT device, the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol (MQTT), the Node-RED for managing data flows and a database management system on a web server. The information collected by the sensor is sent by the IoT device to be processed by Node-RED. The obtained data is stored in a database to be represented on a web server. Therefore, this work includes a case study where the technologies involved in the indoor radon gas monitoring system are presented. It is a way to perform radon gas measurements automatically. The final application would allow: displaying radon concentrations on a map with placemarks and updating the information in real-time. The database could record data from other radon sensors that any user wants to associate with this website.
Alexandra Medina-Pérez; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González. An Internet of Thing Architecture Based on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol and Node-RED: A Case Study for Monitoring Radon Gas. Smart Cities 2021, 4, 803 -818.
AMA StyleAlexandra Medina-Pérez, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, Itziar Alonso-González. An Internet of Thing Architecture Based on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol and Node-RED: A Case Study for Monitoring Radon Gas. Smart Cities. 2021; 4 (2):803-818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Medina-Pérez; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González. 2021. "An Internet of Thing Architecture Based on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol and Node-RED: A Case Study for Monitoring Radon Gas." Smart Cities 4, no. 2: 803-818.
In recent years, indoor localization systems based on fingerprinting have had significant advances yielding high accuracies. Those approaches often use information about channel communication, such as channel state information (CSI) and received signal strength (RSS). Nevertheless, these features have always been employed separately. Although CSI provides more fine-grained physical layer information than RSS, in this manuscript, a methodology for indoor localization fusing both features from a single access point is proposed to provide a better accuracy. In addition, CSI amplitude information is processed to remove high variability information that can negatively influence location estimation. The methodology was implemented and validated in two scenarios using a single access point located in two different positions and configured in 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency bands. The experiments show that the methodology yields an average error distance of about 0.1 m using the 5 GHz band and a single access point.
David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Miguel A. Quintana-Suárez; Itziar Alonso-González; Carlos Ley-Bosch; Javier J. Sánchez-Medina. Fusion of Channel State Information and Received Signal Strength for Indoor Localization Using a Single Access Point. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1995 .
AMA StyleDavid Sánchez-Rodríguez, Miguel A. Quintana-Suárez, Itziar Alonso-González, Carlos Ley-Bosch, Javier J. Sánchez-Medina. Fusion of Channel State Information and Received Signal Strength for Indoor Localization Using a Single Access Point. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (12):1995.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Sánchez-Rodríguez; Miguel A. Quintana-Suárez; Itziar Alonso-González; Carlos Ley-Bosch; Javier J. Sánchez-Medina. 2020. "Fusion of Channel State Information and Received Signal Strength for Indoor Localization Using a Single Access Point." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12: 1995.
In a fully connected world where data freely flows and people can travel anywhere a lot of research has been conducted regarding Smart Mobility, which aims to improve all sorts of traffic matters, from Vehicle Data to Traffic flow management. However, it is also surprising how this topic has been applied in such a small extent to Tourism, an area that can benefit from this kind of research. This paper summarizes the current state of the art regarding Smart Mobility, and exposes useful insights about how this topic might be applied to tourism in order to improve various kinds of tourism services by using Smart Mobility.
Juan Guerra-Montenegro; Javier Sánchez-Medina; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González. What Can Smart Mobility Offer to Tourism Economy? Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2020, 182 -189.
AMA StyleJuan Guerra-Montenegro, Javier Sánchez-Medina, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, Itziar Alonso-González. What Can Smart Mobility Offer to Tourism Economy? Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2020; ():182-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Guerra-Montenegro; Javier Sánchez-Medina; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González. 2020. "What Can Smart Mobility Offer to Tourism Economy?" Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 182-189.
The Canary Islands are a well known tourist destination with generally stable and clement weather conditions. However, occasionally extreme weather conditions occur, which although very unusual, may cause severe damage to the local economy. The ViMetRi-MAC EU funded project has among its goals, managing climate-change-associated risks. The Spanish National Meteorology Agency (AEMET) has a network of weather stations across the eight Canary Islands. Using data from those stations, we propose a novel methodology for the prediction of maximum wind speed in order to trigger an early alert for extreme weather conditions. The methodology proposed has the added value of using an innovative kind of machine learning that is based on the data stream mining paradigm. This type of machine learning system relies on two important features: models are learned incrementally and adaptively. That means the learner tunes the models gradually and endlessly as new observations are received and also modifies it when there is concept drift (statistical instability), in the modeled phenomenon. The results presented seem to prove that this data stream mining approach is a good fit for this kind of problem, clearly improving the results obtained with the accumulative non-adaptive version of the methodology.
Javier J. Sánchez-Medina; Juan Antonio Guerra-Montenegro; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar G. Alonso-González; Juan L. Navarro-Mesa. Data Stream Mining Applied to Maximum Wind Forecasting in the Canary Islands. Sensors 2019, 19, 2388 .
AMA StyleJavier J. Sánchez-Medina, Juan Antonio Guerra-Montenegro, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, Itziar G. Alonso-González, Juan L. Navarro-Mesa. Data Stream Mining Applied to Maximum Wind Forecasting in the Canary Islands. Sensors. 2019; 19 (10):2388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier J. Sánchez-Medina; Juan Antonio Guerra-Montenegro; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar G. Alonso-González; Juan L. Navarro-Mesa. 2019. "Data Stream Mining Applied to Maximum Wind Forecasting in the Canary Islands." Sensors 19, no. 10: 2388.
Indoor localization has received tremendous attention in the last two decades due to location-aware services being highly demanded. Wireless networks have been suggested to solve this problem in many research works, and efficient algorithms have been developed with precise location and high accuracy. Nevertheless, those approaches often have high computational and high energy consumption. Hence, in temporary environments, such as emergency situations, where a fast deployment of an indoor localization system is required, those methods are not appropriate. In this manuscript, a methodology for fast building of an indoor localization system is proposed. For that purpose, a reduction of the data dimensionality is achieved by applying data fusion and feature transformation, which allow us to reduce the computational cost of the classifier training phase. In order to validate the methodology, three different datasets were used: two of them are public datasets based mainly on Received Signal Strength (RSS) from different Wi-Fi access point, and the third is a set of RSS values gathered from the LED lamps in a Visible Light Communication (VLC) network. The simulation results show that the proposed methodology considerably amends the overall computational performance and provides an acceptable location estimation error.
David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González; Carlos Ley-Bosch; Miguel A. Quintana-Suárez. A Simple Indoor Localization Methodology for Fast Building Classification Models Based on Fingerprints. Electronics 2019, 8, 103 .
AMA StyleDavid Sánchez-Rodríguez, Itziar Alonso-González, Carlos Ley-Bosch, Miguel A. Quintana-Suárez. A Simple Indoor Localization Methodology for Fast Building Classification Models Based on Fingerprints. Electronics. 2019; 8 (1):103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González; Carlos Ley-Bosch; Miguel A. Quintana-Suárez. 2019. "A Simple Indoor Localization Methodology for Fast Building Classification Models Based on Fingerprints." Electronics 8, no. 1: 103.
Indoor localization estimation has become an attractive research topic due to growing interest in location-aware services. Many research works have proposed solving this problem by using wireless communication systems based on radiofrequency. Nevertheless, those approaches usually deliver an accuracy of up to two metres, since they are hindered by multipath propagation. On the other hand, in the last few years, the increasing use of light-emitting diodes in illumination systems has provided the emergence of Visible Light Communication technologies, in which data communication is performed by transmitting through the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. This brings a brand new approach to high accuracy indoor positioning because this kind of network is not affected by electromagnetic interferences and the received optical power is more stable than radio signals. Our research focus on to propose a fingerprinting indoor positioning estimation system based on neural networks to predict the device position in a 3D environment. Neural networks are an effective classification and predictive method. The localization system is built using a dataset of received signal strength coming from a grid of different points. From the these values, the position in Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z) is estimated. The use of three neural networks is proposed in this work, where each network is responsible for estimating the position by each axis. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system leads to substantial improvements to accuracy over the widely-used traditional fingerprinting methods, yielding an accuracy above 99% and an average error distance of 0.4 mm.
Itziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Carlos Ley-Bosch; Miguel Angel Quintana-Suarez. Discrete Indoor Three-Dimensional Localization System Based on Neural Networks Using Visible Light Communication. Sensors 2018, 18, 1040 .
AMA StyleItziar Alonso-González, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, Carlos Ley-Bosch, Miguel Angel Quintana-Suarez. Discrete Indoor Three-Dimensional Localization System Based on Neural Networks Using Visible Light Communication. Sensors. 2018; 18 (4):1040.
Chicago/Turabian StyleItziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Carlos Ley-Bosch; Miguel Angel Quintana-Suarez. 2018. "Discrete Indoor Three-Dimensional Localization System Based on Neural Networks Using Visible Light Communication." Sensors 18, no. 4: 1040.
Mobility is an essential part of modern societies.
Samuel Romero Santana; Javier J. Sanchez-Medina; David Sanchez Rodriguez; Itziar Alonso Gonzàlez. SUMO Performance Comparative Analysis of SUMO’s Speed Using Different Programming Languages. Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018, 440 -445.
AMA StyleSamuel Romero Santana, Javier J. Sanchez-Medina, David Sanchez Rodriguez, Itziar Alonso Gonzàlez. SUMO Performance Comparative Analysis of SUMO’s Speed Using Different Programming Languages. Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 2018; ():440-445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Romero Santana; Javier J. Sanchez-Medina; David Sanchez Rodriguez; Itziar Alonso Gonzàlez. 2018. "SUMO Performance Comparative Analysis of SUMO’s Speed Using Different Programming Languages." Privacy Enhancing Technologies , no. : 440-445.
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) has become an attractive research topic due to growing interest in remote monitoring of older people. Development in sensor technologies and advances in wireless communications allows to remotely offer smart assistance and monitor those people at their own home, increasing their quality of life. In this context, Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASN) provide a suitable way for implementing AAL systems which can be used to infer hazardous situations via environmental sounds identification. Nevertheless, satisfying sensor solutions have not been found with the considerations of both low cost and high performance. In this paper, we report the design and implementation of a wireless acoustic sensor to be located at the edge of a WASN for recording and processing environmental sounds which can be applied to AAL systems for personal healthcare because it has the following significant advantages: low cost, small size, audio sampling and computation capabilities for audio processing. The proposed wireless acoustic sensor is able to record audio samples at least to 10 kHz sampling frequency and 12-bit resolution. Also, it is capable of doing audio signal processing without compromising the sample rate and the energy consumption by using a new microcontroller released at the last quarter of 2016. The proposed low cost wireless acoustic sensor has been verified using four randomness tests for doing statistical analysis and a classification system of the recorded sounds based on audio fingerprints.
Miguel A. Quintana-Suárez; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González; Jesús B. Alonso-Hernández. A Low Cost Wireless Acoustic Sensor for Ambient Assisted Living Systems. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 877 .
AMA StyleMiguel A. Quintana-Suárez, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, Itziar Alonso-González, Jesús B. Alonso-Hernández. A Low Cost Wireless Acoustic Sensor for Ambient Assisted Living Systems. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (9):877.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel A. Quintana-Suárez; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Itziar Alonso-González; Jesús B. Alonso-Hernández. 2017. "A Low Cost Wireless Acoustic Sensor for Ambient Assisted Living Systems." Applied Sciences 7, no. 9: 877.
In the last few years, the increasing use of LEDs in illumination systems has been conducted due to the emergence of Visible Light Communication (VLC) technologies, in which data communication is performed by transmitting through the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. In 2011, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) published the IEEE 802.15.7 standard for Wireless Personal Area Networks based on VLC. Due to limitations in the coverage of the transmitted signal, wireless networks can suffer from the hidden node problems, when there are nodes in the network whose transmissions are not detected by other nodes. This problem can cause an important degradation in communications when they are made by means of the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) access control method, which is used in IEEE 802.15.7 This research work evaluates the effects of the hidden node problem in the performance of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard We implement a simulator and analyze VLC performance in terms of parameters like end-to-end goodput and message loss rate. As part of this research work, a solution to the hidden node problem is proposed, based on the use of idle patterns defined in the standard. Idle patterns are sent by the network coordinator node to communicate to the other nodes that there is an ongoing transmission. The validity of the proposed solution is demonstrated with simulation results.
Carlos Ley-Bosch; Itziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Carlos Ramírez-Casañas. Evaluation of the Effects of Hidden Node Problems in IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Performance. Sensors 2016, 16, 216 .
AMA StyleCarlos Ley-Bosch, Itziar Alonso-González, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, Carlos Ramírez-Casañas. Evaluation of the Effects of Hidden Node Problems in IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Performance. Sensors. 2016; 16 (2):216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ley-Bosch; Itziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Carlos Ramírez-Casañas. 2016. "Evaluation of the Effects of Hidden Node Problems in IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Performance." Sensors 16, no. 2: 216.
IEEE 802.15.7 is a physical and MAC layer standard for visible light communication (VLC). A slotted CSMA/CA MAC procedure is defined in the standard to coordinate optical channel access for multiple wireless devices. This CSMA/CA process does not provide any hidden node avoidance mechanisms, thus potentially leading to severe performance degradation in the presence of hidden nodes due to collisions. In this paper, we analyze the effect of hidden nodes on a VLC network in the star topology. We implement a simulator and analyze VLC performance in terms of parameters like end-to-end goodput and packet loss rate. The impact of the hidden node problem in network performance is evaluated by comparing simulation results.
Carlos Ley-Bosch; Itziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Miguel Angel Quintana-Suarez. Analysis of the effects of the hidden node problem in IEEE 802.15.7 uplink performance. 2015 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS) 2015, 1 -5.
AMA StyleCarlos Ley-Bosch, Itziar Alonso-González, David Sánchez-Rodríguez, Miguel Angel Quintana-Suarez. Analysis of the effects of the hidden node problem in IEEE 802.15.7 uplink performance. 2015 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS). 2015; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ley-Bosch; Itziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Miguel Angel Quintana-Suarez. 2015. "Analysis of the effects of the hidden node problem in IEEE 802.15.7 uplink performance." 2015 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS) , no. : 1-5.
Indoor position estimation has become an attractive research topic due to growing interest in location-aware services. Nevertheless, satisfying solutions have not been found with the considerations of both accuracy and system complexity. From the perspective of lightweight mobile devices, they are extremely important characteristics, because both the processor power and energy availability are limited. Hence, an indoor localization system with high computational complexity can cause complete battery drain within a few hours. In our research, we use a data mining technique named boosting to develop a localization system based on multiple weighted decision trees to predict the device location, since it has high accuracy and low computational complexity. The localization system is built using a dataset from sensor fusion, which combines the strength of radio signals from different wireless local area network access points and device orientation information from a digital compass built-in mobile device, so that extra sensors are unnecessary. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system leads to substantial improvements on computational complexity over the widely-used traditional fingerprinting methods, and it has a better accuracy than they have.
David Sánchez-Rodríguez; Pablo Hernández-Morera; José Ma. Quinteiro; Itziar Alonso-González. A Low Complexity System Based on Multiple Weighted Decision Trees for Indoor Localization. Sensors 2015, 15, 14809 -14829.
AMA StyleDavid Sánchez-Rodríguez, Pablo Hernández-Morera, José Ma. Quinteiro, Itziar Alonso-González. A Low Complexity System Based on Multiple Weighted Decision Trees for Indoor Localization. Sensors. 2015; 15 (6):14809-14829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Sánchez-Rodríguez; Pablo Hernández-Morera; José Ma. Quinteiro; Itziar Alonso-González. 2015. "A Low Complexity System Based on Multiple Weighted Decision Trees for Indoor Localization." Sensors 15, no. 6: 14809-14829.
Visible Light Communications (VLC) uses visible light spectrum as transmission medium for communications. VLC has gained recent interest as a favorable complement to radio frequency (RF) wireless communications systems due to the ubiquity and wide variety of applications. In 2011 the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers published the standard IEEE 802.15.7 [1]. Nowadays, simulation tools are widely used to study, understand and achieve better network performance. This paper describes the design and implementation of a physical layer model based in IEEE802.15.7 standard using OMNET++ simulation tool [2]. This software is a popular tool for building networks’ and modeling their behavior. The main goal of this paper is to introduce the developing and implementing of a software module to simulate the Physical Layer (PHY) based on IEEE802.15.7. The developed module, called simVLC will let researchers and students to study and simulate different scenarios in this standard.
Carlos Ley-Bosch; Roberto Medina-Sosa; Itziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez. Implementing an IEEE802.15.7 Physical Layer Simulation Model with OMNET++. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2015, 251 -258.
AMA StyleCarlos Ley-Bosch, Roberto Medina-Sosa, Itziar Alonso-González, David Sánchez-Rodríguez. Implementing an IEEE802.15.7 Physical Layer Simulation Model with OMNET++. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2015; ():251-258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ley-Bosch; Roberto Medina-Sosa; Itziar Alonso-González; David Sánchez-Rodríguez. 2015. "Implementing an IEEE802.15.7 Physical Layer Simulation Model with OMNET++." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 251-258.