The strong interaction between a typhoon and ocean air is one of the most important forms of typhoon and sea air interaction. In this paper, the daily mean sea surface temperature (SST) data of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observation System (EOS) (AMSR-E) are used to analyze the reduction in SST caused by 30 westward typhoons from 1998 to 2018. The findings reveal that 20 typhoons exerted obvious SST cooling areas. Moreover, 97.5% of the cooling locations appeared near and on the right side of the path, while only one appeared on the left side of the path. The decrease in SST generally lasted 6–7 days. Over time, the cooling center continued to diffuse, and the SST gradually rose. The slope of the recovery curve was concentrated between 0.1 and 0.5.

This study on total suspended matter (TSM) in the Pearl River Estuary established a regression analysis model using Landsat 8 reflectance and measured TSM data, crucial for environmental management and engineering projects. High coefficients of determination (>0.6) were reported for the selected models. TSM concentration was notably high in 2013, peaking at 180 mg/L during the flood season and 80 mg/L in the dry season. In contrast, 2020 saw lower concentrations. Similar spatial distribution patterns were observed during dry and flood seasons, with high nearshore and low offshore TSM concentrations. Statistical analyses revealed natural factors (precipitation and runoff) as major influencers of the TSM distribution, with human activities presenting localized, limited impacts, except under long-term and large-scale conditions. Over time, the influence of large-scale water-based construction, such as the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge, on TSM distribution became significant.