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Multiple enveloped viruses with rod-shaped nucleocapsids have been described, infecting the epithelial cell nuclei within the hepatopancreas tubules of crustaceans. These bacilliform viruses share the ultrastructural characteristics of nudiviruses, a specific clade of viruses infecting arthropods. Using histology, electron microscopy and high throughput sequencing, we characterise two further bacilliform viruses from aquatic hosts, the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and the European shore crab (Carcinus maenas). We assembled the full double stranded, circular DNA genome sequences of these viruses (~113 and 132 kbp, respectively). Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses confirm that both belong within the family Nudiviridae but in separate clades representing nudiviruses found in freshwater and marine environments. We show that the three thymidine kinase (tk) genes present in all sequenced nudivirus genomes, thus far, were absent in the Crangon crangon nudivirus, suggesting there are twenty-eight core genes shared by all nudiviruses. Furthermore, the phylogenetic data no longer support the subdivision of the family Nudiviridae into four genera (Alphanudivirus to Deltanudivirus), as recently adopted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), but rather shows two main branches of the family that are further subdivided. Our data support a recent proposal to create two subfamilies within the family Nudiviridae, each subdivided into several genera.
Kelly S. Bateman; Rose Kerr; Grant D. Stentiford; Tim P. Bean; Chantelle Hooper; Benigna Van Eynde; Daan Delbare; Jamie Bojko; Olivier Christiaens; Clauvis N. T. Taning; Guy Smagghe; Monique M. van Oers; Ronny van Aerle. Identification and Full Characterisation of Two Novel Crustacean Infecting Members of the Family Nudiviridae Provides Support for Two Subfamilies. Viruses 2021, 13, 1694 .
AMA StyleKelly S. Bateman, Rose Kerr, Grant D. Stentiford, Tim P. Bean, Chantelle Hooper, Benigna Van Eynde, Daan Delbare, Jamie Bojko, Olivier Christiaens, Clauvis N. T. Taning, Guy Smagghe, Monique M. van Oers, Ronny van Aerle. Identification and Full Characterisation of Two Novel Crustacean Infecting Members of the Family Nudiviridae Provides Support for Two Subfamilies. Viruses. 2021; 13 (9):1694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKelly S. Bateman; Rose Kerr; Grant D. Stentiford; Tim P. Bean; Chantelle Hooper; Benigna Van Eynde; Daan Delbare; Jamie Bojko; Olivier Christiaens; Clauvis N. T. Taning; Guy Smagghe; Monique M. van Oers; Ronny van Aerle. 2021. "Identification and Full Characterisation of Two Novel Crustacean Infecting Members of the Family Nudiviridae Provides Support for Two Subfamilies." Viruses 13, no. 9: 1694.
White Spot Disease (WSD) presents a major barrier to penaeid shrimp production. Mechanisms underlying White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) susceptibility in penaeids are poorly understood due to limited information related to early infection. We investigated mRNA and miRNA transcription in Penaeus vannamei over 36 h following infection. Over this time course, 6192 transcripts and 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed—with limited differential expression from 3–12 h post injection (hpi) and a more significant transcriptional response associated with the onset of disease symptoms (24 hpi). During early infection, regulated processes included cytoskeletal remodelling and alterations in phagocytic activity that may assist WSSV entry and translocation, novel miRNA-induced metabolic shifts, and the downregulation of ATP-dependent proton transporter subunits that may impair cellular recycling. During later infection, uncoupling of the electron transport chain may drive cellular dysfunction and lead to high mortalities in infected penaeids. We propose that post-transcriptional silencing of the immune priming gene Dscam (downregulated following infections) by a novel shrimp miRNA (Pva-pmiR-78; upregulated) as a potential mechanism preventing future recognition of WSSV that may be suppressed in surviving shrimp. Our findings improve our understanding of WSD pathogenesis in P. vannamei and provide potential avenues for future development of prophylactics and treatments.
Rebecca Millard; Lisa Bickley; Kelly Bateman; Audrey Farbos; Diana Minardi; Karen Moore; Stuart Ross; Grant Stentiford; Charles Tyler; Ronny van Aerle; Eduarda Santos. Global mRNA and miRNA Analysis Reveal Key Processes in the Initial Response to Infection with WSSV in the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp. Viruses 2021, 13, 1140 .
AMA StyleRebecca Millard, Lisa Bickley, Kelly Bateman, Audrey Farbos, Diana Minardi, Karen Moore, Stuart Ross, Grant Stentiford, Charles Tyler, Ronny van Aerle, Eduarda Santos. Global mRNA and miRNA Analysis Reveal Key Processes in the Initial Response to Infection with WSSV in the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca Millard; Lisa Bickley; Kelly Bateman; Audrey Farbos; Diana Minardi; Karen Moore; Stuart Ross; Grant Stentiford; Charles Tyler; Ronny van Aerle; Eduarda Santos. 2021. "Global mRNA and miRNA Analysis Reveal Key Processes in the Initial Response to Infection with WSSV in the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1140.
The basis of pathogenicity of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was analysed in the transcriptome of a rainbow trout cell line inoculated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic VHSV isolates. Although both VHSV isolates showed similar viral replication patterns, the number of differentially expressed genes was 42-fold higher in cells inoculated with the non-pathogenic VHSV at 3 h post inoculation (hpi). Infection with the non-pathogenic isolate resulted in Gene Ontologies (GO) enrichment of terms such as immune response, cytokine-mediated signalling pathway, regulation of translational initiation, unfolded protein binding, and protein folding, and induced an over-representation of the p53, PPAR, and TGF-β signalling pathways. Inoculation with the pathogenic isolate resulted in the GO enrichment of terms related to lipid metabolism and the salmonella infection KEGG pathway involved in the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Antiviral response was evident at 12hpi in cells infected with the pathogenic isolate. Overall, the data showed a delay in the response of genes involved in immune responses and viral sensing in cells inoculated with the pathogenic isolate and suggest transcriptional shutoff and immune avoidance as a critical mechanism of pathogenicity in VHSV. These pathways offer opportunities to further understand and manage VHSV pathogenicity in rainbow trout.
Irene Cano; Eduarda Santos; Karen Moore; Audrey Farbos; Ronny van Aerle. Evidence of Transcriptional Shutoff by Pathogenic Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus in Rainbow Trout. Viruses 2021, 13, 1129 .
AMA StyleIrene Cano, Eduarda Santos, Karen Moore, Audrey Farbos, Ronny van Aerle. Evidence of Transcriptional Shutoff by Pathogenic Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus in Rainbow Trout. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Cano; Eduarda Santos; Karen Moore; Audrey Farbos; Ronny van Aerle. 2021. "Evidence of Transcriptional Shutoff by Pathogenic Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus in Rainbow Trout." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1129.
For non-kin cooperation to be maintained, individuals need to respond adaptively to the cooperative behaviour of their social partners. Currently, however, little is known about the biological responses of individuals to experiencing cooperation. Here, we quantify the neuroregulatory response of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) experiencing cooperation or defection by examining the transcriptional response of the oxytocin gene (oxt; also known as isotocin), which has been implicated in cooperative decision-making. We exposed wild-caught females to social environments where partners either cooperated or defected during predator inspection, or to a control (non-predator inspection) context, and quantified the relative transcription of the oxt gene. We tested an experimental group, originating from a site where individuals are under high predation threat and have previous experience of large aquatic predators (HP), and a control group, where individuals are under low predation threat and naïve to large aquatic predators (LP). In HP, but not LP, fish brain mid-section oxt relative transcription varied depending on social partner behaviour. HP fish experiencing cooperation during predator inspection had lower oxt transcription than those experiencing defection. This effect was not present in the control population or in the control context, where the behaviour of social partners did not affect oxt transcription. Our findings provide insight into the neuromodulation underpinning behavioural responses to social experiences, and ultimately to the proximate mechanisms underlying social decision-making.
Sylvia Dimitriadou; Eduarda M. Santos; Darren P. Croft; Ronny van Aerle; Indar W. Ramnarine; Amy L. Filby; Safi K. Darden. Social partner cooperativeness influences brain oxytocin transcription in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSylvia Dimitriadou, Eduarda M. Santos, Darren P. Croft, Ronny van Aerle, Indar W. Ramnarine, Amy L. Filby, Safi K. Darden. Social partner cooperativeness influences brain oxytocin transcription in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylvia Dimitriadou; Eduarda M. Santos; Darren P. Croft; Ronny van Aerle; Indar W. Ramnarine; Amy L. Filby; Safi K. Darden. 2021. "Social partner cooperativeness influences brain oxytocin transcription in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)." , no. : 1.
Mass mortalities of the larval stage of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, have been occurring in Bangladesh since 2011. Mortalities can reach 100% and have resulted in an 80% decline in the number of hatcheries actively producing M. rosenbergii. To investigate a causative agent for the mortalities, a disease challenge was carried out using infected material from a hatchery experiencing mortalities. Moribund larvae from the challenge were prepared for metatranscriptomic sequencing. De novo virus assembly revealed a 29 kb single‑stranded positive-sense RNA virus with similarities in key protein motif sequences to yellow head virus (YHV), an RNA virus that causes mass mortalities in marine shrimp aquaculture, and other viruses in the Nidovirales order. Primers were designed against the novel virus and used to screen cDNA from larvae sampled from hatcheries in the South of Bangladesh from two consecutive years. Larvae from all hatcheries screened from both years were positive by PCR for the novel virus, including larvae from a hatchery that at the point of sampling appeared healthy, but later experienced mortalities. These screens suggest that the virus is widespread in M. rosenbergii hatchery culture in southern Bangladesh, and that early detection of the virus can be achieved by PCR. The hypothesised protein motifs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii golda virus (MrGV) suggest that it is likely to be a new species within the Nidovirales order. Biosecurity measures should be taken in order to mitigate global spread through the movement of post-larvae within and between countries, which has previously been linked to other virus outbreaks in crustacean aquaculture.
Chantelle Hooper; Partho Debnath; Sukumar Biswas; Ronny Van Aerle; Kelly Bateman; Siddhawartha Basak; Muhammad Rahman; Chadag Mohan; H. Islam; Stuart Ross; Grant Stentiford; David Currie; David Bass. A Novel RNA Virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda Virus (MrGV), Linked to Mass Mortalities of the Larval Giant Freshwater Prawn in Bangladesh. Viruses 2020, 12, 1120 .
AMA StyleChantelle Hooper, Partho Debnath, Sukumar Biswas, Ronny Van Aerle, Kelly Bateman, Siddhawartha Basak, Muhammad Rahman, Chadag Mohan, H. Islam, Stuart Ross, Grant Stentiford, David Currie, David Bass. A Novel RNA Virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda Virus (MrGV), Linked to Mass Mortalities of the Larval Giant Freshwater Prawn in Bangladesh. Viruses. 2020; 12 (10):1120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChantelle Hooper; Partho Debnath; Sukumar Biswas; Ronny Van Aerle; Kelly Bateman; Siddhawartha Basak; Muhammad Rahman; Chadag Mohan; H. Islam; Stuart Ross; Grant Stentiford; David Currie; David Bass. 2020. "A Novel RNA Virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda Virus (MrGV), Linked to Mass Mortalities of the Larval Giant Freshwater Prawn in Bangladesh." Viruses 12, no. 10: 1120.
Aquaculture is predicted to supply the majority of aquatic dietary protein by 2050. For aquaculture to deliver significantly enhanced volumes of food in a sustainable manner, appropriate account needs to be taken of its impacts on environmental integrity, farmed organism health and welfare, and human health. Here, we explore increased aquaculture production through the One Health lens and define a set of success metrics — underpinned by evidence, policy and legislation — that must be embedded into aquaculture sustainability. We provide a framework for defining, monitoring and averting potential negative impacts of enhanced production — and consider interactions with land-based food systems. These metrics will inform national and international science and policy strategies to support improved aquatic food system design.
G. D. Stentiford; I. J. Bateman; S. J. Hinchliffe; D. Bass; R. Hartnell; E. M. Santos; M. J. Devlin; S. W. Feist; N. G. H. Taylor; D. W. Verner-Jeffreys; R. Van Aerle; E. J. Peeler; W. A. Higman; L. Smith; R. Baines; D. C. Behringer; I. Katsiadaki; H. E. Froehlich; C. R. Tyler. Sustainable aquaculture through the One Health lens. Nature Food 2020, 1, 468 -474.
AMA StyleG. D. Stentiford, I. J. Bateman, S. J. Hinchliffe, D. Bass, R. Hartnell, E. M. Santos, M. J. Devlin, S. W. Feist, N. G. H. Taylor, D. W. Verner-Jeffreys, R. Van Aerle, E. J. Peeler, W. A. Higman, L. Smith, R. Baines, D. C. Behringer, I. Katsiadaki, H. E. Froehlich, C. R. Tyler. Sustainable aquaculture through the One Health lens. Nature Food. 2020; 1 (8):468-474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. D. Stentiford; I. J. Bateman; S. J. Hinchliffe; D. Bass; R. Hartnell; E. M. Santos; M. J. Devlin; S. W. Feist; N. G. H. Taylor; D. W. Verner-Jeffreys; R. Van Aerle; E. J. Peeler; W. A. Higman; L. Smith; R. Baines; D. C. Behringer; I. Katsiadaki; H. E. Froehlich; C. R. Tyler. 2020. "Sustainable aquaculture through the One Health lens." Nature Food 1, no. 8: 468-474.
1AbstractMass mortalities of the larval stage of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, have been occurring in Bangladesh since 2011. Mortalities can reach 100% and have resulted in an 80% decline in the number of hatcheries actively producing M. rosenbergii. To investigate a causative agent for the mortalities, a disease challenge was carried out using infected material from a hatchery experiencing mortalities. Moribund larvae from the challenge were prepared for metatranscriptomic sequencing. De novo virus assembly revealed a 29 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with similarities in key protein motif sequences to yellow head virus (YHV), an RNA virus that causes mass mortalities in marine shrimp aquaculture, and other viruses in the Nidovirales order. Primers were designed against the novel virus and used to screen cDNA from larvae sampled from hatcheries in the South of Bangladesh from two consecutive years. Larvae from all hatcheries screened from both years were positive by PCR for the novel virus, including larvae from a hatchery that at the point of sampling appeared healthy, but later experienced mortalities. These screens suggest that the virus is widespread in M. rosenbergii hatchery culture in southern Bangladesh, and that early detection of the virus can be achieved by PCR. The hypothesised protein motifs of MrGV suggest that it is likely to be a new species within the Nidovirales order. Biosecurity measures should be taken in order to mitigate global spread through the movement of post-larvae within and between countries, which has previously been linked to other virus outbreaks in crustacean aquaculture.
Chantelle Hooper; Partho P. Debnath; Sukumar Biswas; Ronny Van Aerle; Kelly S. Bateman; Siddhawartha K. Basak; Muhammad M. Rahman; Chadag V. Mohan; H.M. Rakibul Islam; Stuart Ross; Grant D. Stentiford; David Currie; David Bass. A novel RNA virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda virus (MrGV), linked to mass mortalities of the larval giant freshwater prawn in Bangladesh. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleChantelle Hooper, Partho P. Debnath, Sukumar Biswas, Ronny Van Aerle, Kelly S. Bateman, Siddhawartha K. Basak, Muhammad M. Rahman, Chadag V. Mohan, H.M. Rakibul Islam, Stuart Ross, Grant D. Stentiford, David Currie, David Bass. A novel RNA virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda virus (MrGV), linked to mass mortalities of the larval giant freshwater prawn in Bangladesh. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChantelle Hooper; Partho P. Debnath; Sukumar Biswas; Ronny Van Aerle; Kelly S. Bateman; Siddhawartha K. Basak; Muhammad M. Rahman; Chadag V. Mohan; H.M. Rakibul Islam; Stuart Ross; Grant D. Stentiford; David Currie; David Bass. 2020. "A novel RNA virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda virus (MrGV), linked to mass mortalities of the larval giant freshwater prawn in Bangladesh." , no. : 1.
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a negative sense RNA virus with a 10 segment genome, is an emerging threat to tilapia aquaculture worldwide, with outbreaks causing over 90% mortality reported on several continents since 2014. Following a severe tilapia mortality event in July 2017, we confirmed the presence of TiLV in Bangladesh and obtained the near-complete genome of this isolate, BD-2017. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated 10 segment coding regions placed BD-2017 in a clade with the two isolates from Thailand, separate from the Israeli and South American isolates. However, phylogenetic analysis of individual segments gave conflicting results, sometimes clustering BD-2017 with one of the Israeli isolates, and splitting pairs of isolates from the same region. By comparing patterns of topological difference among segments of quartets of isolates, we showed that TiLV likely has a history of reassortment. Segments 5 and 6, in particular, appear to have undergone a relatively recent reassortment event involving Ecuador isolate EC-2012 and Israel isolate Til-4-2011. The phylogeny of TiLV isolates therefore depends on the segment sequenced. Our findings illustrate the need to exercise caution when using phylogenetic analysis to infer geographic origin and track the movement of TiLV, and we recommend using whole genomes wherever possible.
Dominique L. Chaput; David Bass; Mehedi Alam; Neaz Al Hasan; Grant D. Stentiford; Ronny Van Aerle; Karen Moore; John P. Bignell; Mohammad Mahfujul Haque; Charles R. Tyler. The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh. Viruses 2020, 12, 258 .
AMA StyleDominique L. Chaput, David Bass, Mehedi Alam, Neaz Al Hasan, Grant D. Stentiford, Ronny Van Aerle, Karen Moore, John P. Bignell, Mohammad Mahfujul Haque, Charles R. Tyler. The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh. Viruses. 2020; 12 (3):258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominique L. Chaput; David Bass; Mehedi Alam; Neaz Al Hasan; Grant D. Stentiford; Ronny Van Aerle; Karen Moore; John P. Bignell; Mohammad Mahfujul Haque; Charles R. Tyler. 2020. "The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh." Viruses 12, no. 3: 258.
Recent genomic and metagenomic studies have led to a dramatic expansion of the known diversity of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) of eukaryotes, which include giant viruses of protists and important pathogens of vertebrates, such as poxviruses. However, the characterization of viruses from nonmodel hosts still lags behind. We sequenced the complete genomes of three viruses infecting crustaceans, the Caribbean spiny lobster, demon shrimp, and European shore crab. These viruses have the smallest genomes among the known NCLDVs, with losses of many core genes, some of which are shared with iridoviruses. The deterioration of the transcription apparatus is compatible with microscopic and ultrastructural observations indicating that these viruses replicate in the nucleus of infected cells rather than in the cytoplasm. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that these viruses are sufficiently distinct from all other NCLDVs to justify the creation of a separate family, for which we propose the name “Mininucleoviridae” (i.e., small viruses reproducing in the cell nucleus).
Kuttichantran Subramaniam; Donald C. Behringer; Jamie Bojko; Natalya Yutin; Abigail S. Clark; Kelly S. Bateman; Ronny van Aerle; David Bass; Rose C. Kerr; Eugene V. Koonin; Grant D. Stentiford; Thomas B. Waltzek. A New Family of DNA Viruses Causing Disease in Crustaceans from Diverse Aquatic Biomes. mBio 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleKuttichantran Subramaniam, Donald C. Behringer, Jamie Bojko, Natalya Yutin, Abigail S. Clark, Kelly S. Bateman, Ronny van Aerle, David Bass, Rose C. Kerr, Eugene V. Koonin, Grant D. Stentiford, Thomas B. Waltzek. A New Family of DNA Viruses Causing Disease in Crustaceans from Diverse Aquatic Biomes. mBio. 2020; 11 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuttichantran Subramaniam; Donald C. Behringer; Jamie Bojko; Natalya Yutin; Abigail S. Clark; Kelly S. Bateman; Ronny van Aerle; David Bass; Rose C. Kerr; Eugene V. Koonin; Grant D. Stentiford; Thomas B. Waltzek. 2020. "A New Family of DNA Viruses Causing Disease in Crustaceans from Diverse Aquatic Biomes." mBio 11, no. 1: 1.
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication that is used to treat schizophrenia patients who are resistant to other antipsychotic drugs. The molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of clozapine are not well understood and its use is often associated with severe side-effects. In this study, we exposed groups of wild-type zebrafish to two doses of clozapine (‘low’ (20 µg/L) and ‘high’ (70 µg/L)) over a 72-h period, observing dose-dependent effects on behaviour. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) we identified multiple genes differentially expressed in the zebrafish brain following exposure to clozapine. Network analysis identified co-expression modules characterised by striking changes in module connectivity in response to clozapine, and these were enriched for regulatory pathways relevant to the etiology of schizophrenia. Our study highlights the utility of zebrafish as a model for assessing the molecular consequences of antipsychotic medications and identifies genomic networks potentially involved in schizophrenia.
Joana Viana; Nick Wildman; Eilis Hannon; Audrey Farbos; Paul O’ Neill; Karen Moore; Ronny Van Aerle; Greg Paull; Eduarda Santos; Jonathan Mill. Clozapine-induced transcriptional changes in the zebrafish brain. npj Schizophrenia 2020, 6, 1 -11.
AMA StyleJoana Viana, Nick Wildman, Eilis Hannon, Audrey Farbos, Paul O’ Neill, Karen Moore, Ronny Van Aerle, Greg Paull, Eduarda Santos, Jonathan Mill. Clozapine-induced transcriptional changes in the zebrafish brain. npj Schizophrenia. 2020; 6 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Viana; Nick Wildman; Eilis Hannon; Audrey Farbos; Paul O’ Neill; Karen Moore; Ronny Van Aerle; Greg Paull; Eduarda Santos; Jonathan Mill. 2020. "Clozapine-induced transcriptional changes in the zebrafish brain." npj Schizophrenia 6, no. 1: 1-11.
Viral diseases of crustaceans are increasingly recognised as challenges to shellfish farms and fisheries. Here we describe the first naturally-occurring virus reported in any clawed lobster species. Hypertrophied nuclei with emarginated chromatin, characteristic histopathological lesions of DNA virus infection, were observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus). Transmission electron microscopy revealed infection with a bacilliform virus containing a rod shaped nucleocapsid enveloped in an elliptical membrane. Assembly of PCR-free shotgun metagenomic sequencing produced a circular genome of 107,063 bp containing 97 open reading frames, the majority of which share sequence similarity with a virus infecting the black tiger shrimp: Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV). Multiple phylogenetic analyses confirm the new virus to be a novel member of the Nudiviridae: Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV). Evidence of occlusion body formation, characteristic of PmNV and its closest relatives, was not observed, questioning the horizontal transmission strategy of HgNV outside of the host. We discuss the potential impacts of HgNV on juvenile lobster growth and mortality and present HgNV-specific primers to serve as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the virus in wild and farmed lobster stocks.
Corey C. Holt; Michelle Stone; David Bass; Kelly S. Bateman; Ronny Van Aerle; Carly L. Daniels; Mark Van Der Giezen; Stuart H. Ross; Chantelle Hooper; Grant D. Stentiford. The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -15.
AMA StyleCorey C. Holt, Michelle Stone, David Bass, Kelly S. Bateman, Ronny Van Aerle, Carly L. Daniels, Mark Van Der Giezen, Stuart H. Ross, Chantelle Hooper, Grant D. Stentiford. The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorey C. Holt; Michelle Stone; David Bass; Kelly S. Bateman; Ronny Van Aerle; Carly L. Daniels; Mark Van Der Giezen; Stuart H. Ross; Chantelle Hooper; Grant D. Stentiford. 2019. "The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-15.
Reproduction is an essential process for life and is regulated by complex hormone networks and environmental factors. To date, little is known about the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the regulation of reproduction, particularly in lower vertebrates. We used the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to investigate the sex-specific transcription and DNA methylation profiles for genes involved in the regulation of reproduction and in epigenetic signalling in the livers and gonads. We found evidence for associations between DNA promotor methylation and transcription for esr1 (gonads and female livers), amh (gonads) and dnmt1 (livers). In the liver, esr1 was shown to be significantly over-expressed in females compared to males, and its promoter was significantly hypo-methylated in females compared to males. In the gonads, genes involved in epigenetic processes including dnmt1, dnmt3 and hdac1 were over-expressed in the ovary compared to the testis. In addition, dnmt1 and dnmt3 transcription in the testis was found to be strongly correlated with global DNA methylation. These data provide evidence of the sex-specific epigenetic regulation and transcription of genes involved in reproduction and epigenetic signalling in a commonly used vertebrate model.
L.V. Laing; J. Viana; Emma Dempster; Tamsyn Uren Webster; R. van Aerle; Jonathan Mill; E.M. Santos. Sex-specific transcription and DNA methylation profiles of reproductive and epigenetic associated genes in the gonads and livers of breeding zebrafish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 2018, 222, 16 -25.
AMA StyleL.V. Laing, J. Viana, Emma Dempster, Tamsyn Uren Webster, R. van Aerle, Jonathan Mill, E.M. Santos. Sex-specific transcription and DNA methylation profiles of reproductive and epigenetic associated genes in the gonads and livers of breeding zebrafish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2018; 222 ():16-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL.V. Laing; J. Viana; Emma Dempster; Tamsyn Uren Webster; R. van Aerle; Jonathan Mill; E.M. Santos. 2018. "Sex-specific transcription and DNA methylation profiles of reproductive and epigenetic associated genes in the gonads and livers of breeding zebrafish." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 222, no. : 16-25.
Survival of marine fishes that are exposed to elevated near-future CO2 levels is threatened by their altered responses to sensory cues. Here we demonstrate a physiological and molecular mechanism in the olfactory system that helps to explain altered behaviour under elevated CO2. We combine electrophysiology measurements and transcriptomics with behavioural experiments to investigate how elevated CO2 affects the olfactory system of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). When exposed to elevated CO2 (approximately 1,000 µatm), fish must be up to 42% closer to an odour source for detection, compared with current CO2 levels (around 400 µatm), decreasing their chances of detecting food or predators. Compromised olfaction correlated with the suppression of the transcription of genes involved in synaptic strength, cell excitability and wiring of the olfactory system in response to sustained exposure to elevated CO2 levels. Our findings complement the previously proposed impairment of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, and indicate that both the olfactory system and central brain function are compromised by elevated CO2 levels.
Cosima S. Porteus; Peter C. Hubbard; Tamsyn M. Uren Webster; Ronny Van Aerle; Adelino V. M. Canário; Eduarda M. Santos; Rod W. Wilson. Near-future CO2 levels impair the olfactory system of a marine fish. Nature Climate Change 2018, 8, 737 -743.
AMA StyleCosima S. Porteus, Peter C. Hubbard, Tamsyn M. Uren Webster, Ronny Van Aerle, Adelino V. M. Canário, Eduarda M. Santos, Rod W. Wilson. Near-future CO2 levels impair the olfactory system of a marine fish. Nature Climate Change. 2018; 8 (8):737-743.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosima S. Porteus; Peter C. Hubbard; Tamsyn M. Uren Webster; Ronny Van Aerle; Adelino V. M. Canário; Eduarda M. Santos; Rod W. Wilson. 2018. "Near-future CO2 levels impair the olfactory system of a marine fish." Nature Climate Change 8, no. 8: 737-743.
Invasive and non-native species can pose risks to vulnerable ecosystems by co-introducing bacterial pathogens. Alternatively, co-introduced bacterial pathogens may regulate invasive population size and invasive traits. We describe a novel candidate genus and species of bacteria (‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’) found to infect Gammarus fossarum, from its native range in Poland. The bacterium develops intracellularly within the haemocytes and cells of the musculature, hepatopancreas, connective tissues, nervous system and gonad of the host. The developmental cycle of ‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’ includes an elementary body (496.73nm ± 37.56nm in length, and 176.89nm ± 36.29nm in width), an elliptical, condensed spherical stage (737.61nm ± 44.51nm in length and 300.07nm ± 44.02nm in width), a divisional stage, and a spherical initial body (1397.59nm ± 21.26nm in diameter). We provide a partial genome for ‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’, which clades phylogenetically alongside environmental 16S rRNA sequences from aquatic habitats, and bacterial symbionts from aquatic isopods (Asellus aquaticus), grouping separately from the Rickettsiella, a genus that includes bacterial pathogens of terrestrial insects and isopods. Increased understanding of the diversity of symbionts carried by G. fossarum identifies those that might regulate host population size, or those that could pose a risk to native species in the invasive range. Identification of ‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’ and its potential for adaptation as a biological control agent is explored.
Jamie Bojko; Alison M. Dunn; Paul D. Stebbing; Ronny van Aerle; Karolina Bacela-Spychalska; Tim P. Bean; Ander Urrutia; Grant D. Stentiford. ‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’ (Gammaproteobacteria: Legionellales: Coxiellaceae): A bacterial pathogen of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum (Malacostraca: Amphipoda). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 2018, 156, 41 -53.
AMA StyleJamie Bojko, Alison M. Dunn, Paul D. Stebbing, Ronny van Aerle, Karolina Bacela-Spychalska, Tim P. Bean, Ander Urrutia, Grant D. Stentiford. ‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’ (Gammaproteobacteria: Legionellales: Coxiellaceae): A bacterial pathogen of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum (Malacostraca: Amphipoda). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2018; 156 ():41-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Bojko; Alison M. Dunn; Paul D. Stebbing; Ronny van Aerle; Karolina Bacela-Spychalska; Tim P. Bean; Ander Urrutia; Grant D. Stentiford. 2018. "‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’ (Gammaproteobacteria: Legionellales: Coxiellaceae): A bacterial pathogen of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum (Malacostraca: Amphipoda)." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 156, no. : 41-53.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related infections with illnesses undergoing a geographic expansion. In this process of expansion, the most fundamental change has been the transition from infections caused by local strains to the surge of pandemic clonal types. Pandemic clone sequence type 3 (ST3) was the only example of transcontinental spreading until 2012, when ST36 was detected outside the region where it is endemic in the U.S. Pacific Northwest causing infections along the U.S. northeast coast and Spain. Here, we used genome-wide analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the V. parahaemolyticus ST36 clone over the course of its geographic expansion during the previous 25 years. The origin of this lineage was estimated to be in ~1985. By 1995, a new variant emerged in the region and quickly replaced the old clone, which has not been detected since 2000. The new Pacific Northwest (PNW) lineage was responsible for the first cases associated with this clone outside the Pacific Northwest region. After several introductions into the northeast coast, the new PNW clone differentiated into a highly dynamic group that continues to cause illness on the northeast coast of the United States. Surprisingly, the strains detected in Europe in 2012 diverged from this ancestral group around 2000 and have conserved genetic features present only in the old PNW lineage. Recombination was identified as the major driver of diversification, with some preliminary observations suggesting a trend toward a more specialized lifestyle, which may represent a critical element in the expansion of epidemics under scenarios of coastal warming. IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae represent the only two instances of pandemic expansions of human pathogens originating in the marine environment. However, while the current pandemic of V. cholerae emerged more than 50 years ago, the global expansion of V. parahaemolyticus is a recent phenomenon. These modern expansions provide an exceptional opportunity to study the evolutionary process of these pathogens at first hand and gain an understanding of the mechanisms shaping the epidemic dynamics of these diseases, in particular, the emergence, dispersal, and successful introduction in new regions facilitating global spreading of infections. In this study, we used genomic analysis to examine the evolutionary divergence that has occurred over the course of the most recent transcontinental expansion of a pathogenic Vibrio , the spreading of the V. parahaemolyticus sequence type 36 clone from the region where it is endemic on the Pacific coast of North America to the east coast of the United States and finally to the west coast of Europe.
Jaime Martinez-Urtaza; Ronny van Aerle; Michel Abanto; Julie Haendiges; Robert A. Myers; Joaquin Trinanes; Craig Baker-Austin; Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona. Genomic Variation and Evolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST36 over the Course of a Transcontinental Epidemic Expansion. mBio 2017, 8, e01425-17 .
AMA StyleJaime Martinez-Urtaza, Ronny van Aerle, Michel Abanto, Julie Haendiges, Robert A. Myers, Joaquin Trinanes, Craig Baker-Austin, Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona. Genomic Variation and Evolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST36 over the Course of a Transcontinental Epidemic Expansion. mBio. 2017; 8 (6):e01425-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime Martinez-Urtaza; Ronny van Aerle; Michel Abanto; Julie Haendiges; Robert A. Myers; Joaquin Trinanes; Craig Baker-Austin; Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona. 2017. "Genomic Variation and Evolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST36 over the Course of a Transcontinental Epidemic Expansion." mBio 8, no. 6: e01425-17.
Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite that infects 50–100 million people and causes up to 55,000 deaths annually. The transmissive form of E. histolytica is the cyst, with a single infected individual passing up to 45 million cysts per day, making cyst production an attractive target for infection control. Lectins and chitin are secreted to form the cyst wall, although little is known about the underlying membrane trafficking processes supporting encystation. As E. histolytica does not readily form cysts in vitro, we assessed membrane trafficking gene expression during encystation in the closely related model Entamoeba invadens. Genes involved in secretion are up-regulated during cyst formation, as are some trans-Golgi network-to-endosome trafficking genes. Furthermore, endocytic and general trafficking genes are up-regulated in the mature cyst, potentially preserved as mRNA in preparation for excystation. Two divergent dynamin-related proteins found in Entamoeba are predominantly expressed during cyst formation. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that they are paralogous to, but quite distinct from, classical dynamins found in human, suggesting that they may be potential drug targets to block encystation. The membrane-trafficking machinery is clearly regulated during encystation, providing an additional facet to understanding this crucial parasitic process.
Emily Herman; Maria A. Siegesmund; Michael J. Bottery; Ronny Van Aerle; Maulood Mohammed Shather; Elisabet Caler; Joel B. Dacks; Mark Van Der Giezen. Membrane Trafficking Modulation during Entamoeba Encystation. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 1 -17.
AMA StyleEmily Herman, Maria A. Siegesmund, Michael J. Bottery, Ronny Van Aerle, Maulood Mohammed Shather, Elisabet Caler, Joel B. Dacks, Mark Van Der Giezen. Membrane Trafficking Modulation during Entamoeba Encystation. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmily Herman; Maria A. Siegesmund; Michael J. Bottery; Ronny Van Aerle; Maulood Mohammed Shather; Elisabet Caler; Joel B. Dacks; Mark Van Der Giezen. 2017. "Membrane Trafficking Modulation during Entamoeba Encystation." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 1-17.
Over the last decade, advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revolutionised biological research, making it possible for DNA/RNA sequencing of any organism of interest to be undertaken. Sequencing approaches are now routinely used in the detection and characterisation of (novel) viruses, investigation of host-pathogen interactions, and effective development of disease treatment strategies. For the sequencing and identification of viruses of interest, metagenomics approaches using infected host tissue are frequently used, as it is not always possible to culture and isolate these pathogens. High-throughput sequencing can also be used to investigate host-pathogen interactions by investigating (temporal) transcriptomic responses of both the host and virus, potentially leading to the discovery of novel opportunities for treatment and drug targets. In addition, viruses in environmental samples (e.g. water or soil samples) can be identified using eDNA/metagenomics approaches. The promise that recent developments in sequencing brings to the field of invertebrate virology are not devoid of technical challenges, including the need for better laboratory and bioinformatics strategies to sequence and assemble virus genomes within complex tissue or environmental samples, and the difficulties associated with the annotation of the large number of novel viruses being discovered.
R. van Aerle; E.M. Santos. Advances in the application of high-throughput sequencing in invertebrate virology. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 2017, 147, 145 -156.
AMA StyleR. van Aerle, E.M. Santos. Advances in the application of high-throughput sequencing in invertebrate virology. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2017; 147 ():145-156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. van Aerle; E.M. Santos. 2017. "Advances in the application of high-throughput sequencing in invertebrate virology." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 147, no. : 145-156.
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Diclofenac is one of the most widely prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs worldwide. It is frequently detected in surface waters; however, whether this pharmaceutical poses a risk to aquatic organisms is debated. Here we quantified the uptake of diclofenac by the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) following aqueous exposure (0.2-25.0 μg L(-1)) for 21 days, and evaluated the tissue and biomolecular responses in the kidney. Diclofenac accumulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the plasma of exposed fish. The highest plasma concentration observed (for fish exposed to 25 μg L(-1) diclofenac) was within the therapeutic range for humans. There was a strong positive correlation between exposure concentration and the number of developing nephrons observed in the posterior kidney. Diclofenac was not found to modulate the expression of genes in the kidney associated with its primary mode of action in mammals (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases) but modulated genes associated with kidney repair and regeneration. There were no significant adverse effects following 21 days exposure to concentrations typical of surface waters. The combination of diclofenac's uptake potential, effects on kidney nephrons and relatively small safety margin for some surface waters may warrant a longer term chronic health effects analysis for diclofenac in fish.This work was funded by Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP): Use of ‘omic’ technologies in the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals (KTP007650) and AstraZeneca’s Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) Research Programme. We thank Lina Gunnarsson, Matt Winter and James Cresswell (Exeter University), and former members of the Brixham Environmental Laboratory for their advice and assistance. Authors declare no competing financial interest
Lisa K. Bickley; Ronny van Aerle; A. Ross Brown; Adam Hargreaves; Russell Huby; Victoria Cammack; Richard Jackson; Eduarda M. Santos; Charles R. Tyler. Bioavailability and Kidney Responses to Diclofenac in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51, 1764 -1774.
AMA StyleLisa K. Bickley, Ronny van Aerle, A. Ross Brown, Adam Hargreaves, Russell Huby, Victoria Cammack, Richard Jackson, Eduarda M. Santos, Charles R. Tyler. Bioavailability and Kidney Responses to Diclofenac in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environmental Science & Technology. 2017; 51 (3):1764-1774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLisa K. Bickley; Ronny van Aerle; A. Ross Brown; Adam Hargreaves; Russell Huby; Victoria Cammack; Richard Jackson; Eduarda M. Santos; Charles R. Tyler. 2017. "Bioavailability and Kidney Responses to Diclofenac in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 3: 1764-1774.
R. Van Aerle; M. Van Der Giezen. Next-Generation Sequencing, Bioinformatics, and Infectious Diseases. Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases 2017, 405 -420.
AMA StyleR. Van Aerle, M. Van Der Giezen. Next-Generation Sequencing, Bioinformatics, and Infectious Diseases. Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases. 2017; ():405-420.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Van Aerle; M. Van Der Giezen. 2017. "Next-Generation Sequencing, Bioinformatics, and Infectious Diseases." Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases , no. : 405-420.
Irene Cano; Bertrand Collet; Clarissa Pereira; Richard Paley; Ronny Van Aerle; David Stone; Nick G.H. Taylor. Corrigendum to “In vivo virulence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss correlates inversely with in vitro Mx gene expression” [Vet. Microbiol. 187 (2016) 31–40]. Veterinary Microbiology 2016, 195, 58 -59.
AMA StyleIrene Cano, Bertrand Collet, Clarissa Pereira, Richard Paley, Ronny Van Aerle, David Stone, Nick G.H. Taylor. Corrigendum to “In vivo virulence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss correlates inversely with in vitro Mx gene expression” [Vet. Microbiol. 187 (2016) 31–40]. Veterinary Microbiology. 2016; 195 ():58-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Cano; Bertrand Collet; Clarissa Pereira; Richard Paley; Ronny Van Aerle; David Stone; Nick G.H. Taylor. 2016. "Corrigendum to “In vivo virulence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss correlates inversely with in vitro Mx gene expression” [Vet. Microbiol. 187 (2016) 31–40]." Veterinary Microbiology 195, no. : 58-59.