In this era of intensive electricity utilization for economic development, the role of urbanization remains inconclusive, especially in developing economies. Here, this study examined the electricity consumption and economic growth nexus in a trivariate framework by incorporating urbanization as an additional variable. Using the recent novel Maki cointegration test, Ng-Perron, Zivot-Andrews, and Kwiatkowski unit root tests along with FMOLS, DOLS and the CCR estimation methods, we relied on an annual frequency data from 1971-2014. Results from FMOLS, DOLS and the CCR regression confirms the electricity consumption-driven economic growth. This is desirable as Nigeria is heavily dependent on energy (electricity) consumption. A unidirectional causality from urbanization to electricity consumption and economic growth was found but the long-run empirical findings revealed urbanization impedes growth - a situation that has policy implications. The study highlights that though urbanization is a good predictor of Nigeria's economic growth, however, the adjustment of the energy portfolio to meet the growing urban demand will curtail the adverse and far-reaching impact of urbanization on the economy.

This analysis explored the effect of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in a panel of twenty-nine countries from the European Union (EU) from 2010 to 2020. The method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) was used, and the ordinary least squares with fixed effects (OLSfe) was used to verify the robustness of the results. The MM-QR support that in all three quantiles, economic growth causes a positive impact on GHGs. In the 50th and 75th quantiles, energy consumption causes a positive effect on GHGs. BEVs in the 25th, 50th, and 75th quantiles have a negative impact on GHGs. The OLSfe reveals that economic growth has a negative effect on GHGs, which contradicts the results from MM-QR. Energy consumption positively impacts GHGs. BEVs negatively impacts GHGs. Although the EU has supported a more sustainable transport system, accelerating the adoption of BEVs still requires effective political planning to achieve net-zero emissions. Thus, BEVs are an important technology to reduce GHGs to achieve the EU targets of decarbonising the energy sector. This research topic can open policy discussion between industry, government, and researchers, towards ensuring that BEVs provide a climate change mitigation pathway in the EU region.

In this paper, we examine whether tourism predicts economic policy uncertainty or not in three regions of America, Europe, and Asia-pacific, using annual frequency panel data that consist of 12 countries in a multivariate Granger causality model that incorporates economic growth as an additional variable over the periods 1995–2016. Using the panel Granger causality method as advanced by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose [(2011). Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 870–876.] that produces country-specific Granger causality test statistic and also controlled for heterogeneity in panel data, we found two-way causality relationship between ITAs and EPU in France, Ireland and United State, and one-way causality relationship from ITAs to EPU in Brazil, Canada, China and Germany and neutrality hypothesis in Chile, Japan, South Korea, Russia and Sweden, respectively. These results suggest tourism-economic policy uncertainty led-hypothesis and economic policy uncertainty-tourism led hypothesis with worthy policy implications for tourism destinations across the world.