In this paper, we consider the relative efficiency of unit taxation and ad valorem taxation in terms of welfare implications in different imperfectly competitive markets. Under the assumption that these two taxations can produce the same total output in equilibrium, which is also used by Anderson ( 2001 ), we show that ad valorem taxation is always welfare superior to unit taxation under full nationalisation, full privatisation, and partial privatisation.

Based on the current context of DE-Capacity in China, this article explores the impact of the merger of public and private firms on capacity and social welfare, with the aim of giving theoretical support to the current practice of mergers and acquisitions in China. With a mixed oligopoly model and Cournot-Nash equilibrium, we conclude that the merger of firms can achieve the goal of DE-Capacity in the market environment dominated by public firms, and that at the same time the social welfare will increase. We also find that if the modest privatisation is considered in the merger then the ultimate social welfare can also obtain further growth with DE-Capacity. In particular, according to the goal of welfare maximisation under different efficiency, we give the optimal privatisation ratio for the merger of public and private firms. However, in the market environment dominated by private firms, the merger of public and private firms cannot achieve the result of increasing social welfare along with DE-Capacity.

With the shift in regional economic patterns in China, Chinese labor forces are showing a trend toward concentration. Many scholars are analyzing this trend of labor agglomeration from the perspective economies of scale and transaction costs. This study explains the phenomenon of labor agglomeration from the perspective of the labor system environment. First, it considers that the labor system environment includes the social contract environment and labor contract environment. Second, it attempts to show that a good labor system environment can promote labor agglomeration through theoretical analysis, while technological advancement can promote the agglomeration of professional and technical talents. Third, this study uses provincial panel data to conduct an empirical analysis. Finally, the paper presents some policy suggestions for maintaining a good labor system environment, including improving the level of public service of the floating population and building harmonious labor relations.