The agricultural sector in Ethiopia is highly dependent on rainfall patterns, making it especially susceptible to climate change. As a result, climate change significantly affects crop production and food security in the country. However, the impact of these changes remains inadequately understood. Consequently, this paper aims to review the impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security in Ethiopia. Keywords such as climate change, impact, crop production, food security, and Ethiopia were used to extract data from reputable databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Sherpa Romeo to ensure that only the most relevant information was included. The review showed that Ethiopia has experienced a reduction in crop yield in general and occurrences of food insecurity. For instance, due to climate change, corn yields decreased from 45.6 quintals per hectare in 2011 to 32 quintals in 2021, and wheat yields dropped from 33 quintals per hectare in 2011 to 29 quintals in 2021. Therefore, policymakers, extension agents, and farmers need to scale up indigenous and improved crop production technologies along with different management practices to address food security and crop production loss in the country. Moreover, capitalizing on existing development policies and programs, enhancing research and extension services, strengthening linkages between stakeholders, and raising awareness among local communities about climate change and crop production is necessary.

Global climate change has a detrimental effect on agricultural production, leading to food insecurity. It is the primary factor limiting crop productivity in arid and semi‐arid tropical regions. The increasing challenges posed by climate change necessitate innovative approaches to sustain global food security. This review examines climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) as a viable solution to address these challenges. CSA integrates sustainable farming practices that enhance productivity, promote resilience to climate impacts, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve the adaptive capacities of agricultural systems. The review highlights key strategies within CSA, including the adoption of improved crop varieties, efficient water management, and agroecological techniques. It also discusses the socioeconomic implications of CSA, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement and policy support for successful implementation. Relevant information was gathered using key terms such as CSA, climate change, adaptation, mitigation, and food security from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review underscores the potential of CSA to ensure food security in a changing climate while contributing to environmental sustainability. There is a pressing need to strengthen government policies and international cooperation to fund climate‐smart agricultural initiatives. This includes promoting knowledge‐sharing and providing financial incentives for farmers who adopt sustainable practices. Additionally, it is essential to encourage farmers to diversify crops and integrate livestock and agroecological practices to reduce risks associated with climate variability.

Bamboo plays a significant role in many socioeconomic aspects of life all over the world. Ethiopia, one of the African countries, is known for its high potential of bamboo forests. This paper aims to review the socioeconomic and environmental importance of bamboo forests in Ethiopia. The study used a critical review-based combination of searching for keywords such as bamboo, socioeconomic, environmental, benefit, Ethiopia, and inclusion and exclusion criteria to find relevant information. The results of this review indicated that bamboo has a substantial role in social, economic, and environmental purposes. However, the lack of awareness and consistent information about the socioeconomic benefits of bamboo forests in Ethiopia has been affecting its utilization for socioeconomic importance. Therefore, there is a need for awareness creation, such as training and development of bamboo markets and microenterprise industries in Ethiopia for socioeconomic and environmental benefits. The results of this paper can help farmers, extension workers, and policymakers by providing information on the conservation and proper utilization of bamboo forests for different socioeconomic and environmental purposes.

Climate change threatens food security, rural livelihoods, and economic stability, exacerbating poverty and social inequalities. Given Ethiopia's growing population and its reliance on rainfed agriculture, addressing this challenge is critical to ensuring sustainable economic development and social well-being. One of the key strategies to mitigate the adverse effects is the adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). This approach aims to improve agricultural productivity, increase resilience to climate shocks, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The transition from traditional sub-sistence farming to a more commercialized and climate-resilient agriculture is essential to sustain food production and economic growth. Despite the potential benefits of CSA, several obstacles to its widespread implementation remain. Limited access to technology, financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient policy support remain significant challenges. Addressing these barriers requires coordinated efforts by the government, the private sector, and international organizations to invest in climate adaptation initiatives, strengthen institutional capacity, and raise awareness among farmers. This study explores the socioeconomic consequences of climate change in Ethiopia and assesses the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, particularly climate-smart agricultural practices. By understanding the challenges and opportunities of adopting climate-smart agricul-tural practices, Ethiopia can improve its resilience to climate change while promoting sustainable economic growth and social development.

Key success in SFM in Ethiopia. The government has recognized and given policy priority to the importance of SFM, including dry forests. In Ethiopia, the concept of forest landscape restoration (FLR) is understood to include activities that restore ecological and productive functions of degraded forests and agricultural landscapes along the forest farm continuum to better support human wellbeing now and in the future⁵. Generally, the most important state led FLR initiatives aimed at reducing forest and land degradation in Ethiopia include engaging communities in the management of state-owned natural forests through participatory forest management (PFM), assisting natural regeneration in degraded lands by excluding human and animal interference through the establishment of area enclosures/enclosures (AEs), and mobilization of communities and engaging them in soil and water conservation works and tree planting campaigns through sustainable land management programs and the recent Green Legacy Initiative (SLM-GLI) to promote tree planting and increase national forest cover. PFM is a generic term for different initiatives like community-based forest management, collaborative forest management, and joint forest management. It has been a dominant feature of forest governance in the tropics since the 1980s. One of the standout successes in Ethiopia's SFM journey has been the active involvement of local communities. Initiatives such as the PFM approach empower communities to take charge of their local forests, resulting in improved conservation outcomes and enhanced local economies. The Ethiopian government's commitment to the Green Legacy Initiative, launched in 2019, has led to the planting of billions of trees across the country. This ambitious program has significantly contributed to reforestation and the restoration of degraded lands, showcasing Ethiopia's dedication to combating climate change. The establishment of robust policies and legal frameworks aimed at sustainable forestry has facilitated the transition towards SFM. The country has implemented the Forest Sector Development Program (FSDP), which outlines clear strategies for sustainable forest governance and management. Collaboration with international organizations and NGOs has brought essential funding and expertise to Ethiopia's SFM initiatives. Such partnerships have enriched local capacities and fostered knowledge sharing, enhancing the overall effectiveness of SFM practices.