Information on genetic variability in cowpea germplasm is important for crop improvement and for efficient utilization of the existing genetic resources. Hence, the objectives of the present investigation were to estimate genetic variability,

Global climate change has a detrimental effect on agricultural production, leading to food insecurity. It is the primary factor limiting crop productivity in arid and semi‐arid tropical regions. The increasing challenges posed by climate change necessitate innovative approaches to sustain global food security. This review examines climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) as a viable solution to address these challenges. CSA integrates sustainable farming practices that enhance productivity, promote resilience to climate impacts, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve the adaptive capacities of agricultural systems. The review highlights key strategies within CSA, including the adoption of improved crop varieties, efficient water management, and agroecological techniques. It also discusses the socioeconomic implications of CSA, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement and policy support for successful implementation. Relevant information was gathered using key terms such as CSA, climate change, adaptation, mitigation, and food security from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review underscores the potential of CSA to ensure food security in a changing climate while contributing to environmental sustainability. There is a pressing need to strengthen government policies and international cooperation to fund climate‐smart agricultural initiatives. This includes promoting knowledge‐sharing and providing financial incentives for farmers who adopt sustainable practices. Additionally, it is essential to encourage farmers to diversify crops and integrate livestock and agroecological practices to reduce risks associated with climate variability.

Crop improvement is very crucial to satisfy the world demand in the presence of different challenges like climate change, reducing arable land and increasing population growth.

Information on genetic variability in cowpea germplasm is important for crop improvement and for efficient utilization of the existing genetic resources. Hence, the objectives of the present investigation were to estimate genetic variability,