The purpose of our scoping review was to describe the current use of mHealth technology for long-term assessment of patient-reported outcomes in community-dwelling individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of literature meeting these criteria: (1) civilians or military veterans, all ages; (2) self-reported or caregiver-reported outcomes assessed via mobile device in the community (not exclusively clinic/hospital); (3) published in English; (4) published in 2015–2019. We searched Ovid MEDLINE(R) < 1946 to 16 August 2019, MEDLINE InProcess, EPub, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for articles. Thirteen manuscripts representing 12 distinct studies were organized by type of ABI [traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke] to extract outcomes, mHealth technology used, design, and inclusion of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Outcomes included post-concussive, depressive, and affective symptoms, fatigue, daily activities, stroke risk factors, and cognitive exertion. Overall, collecting patient-reported outcomes via mHealth was feasible and acceptable in the chronic ABI population. Studies consistently showed advantage for using EMA despite variability in EMA timing/schedules. To ensure best clinical measurement, research on post-ABI outcomes should consider EMA designs (versus single time-point assessments) that provide the best timing schedules for their respective aims and outcomes and that leverage mHealth for data collection.

The purpose of this study is to assess how neurobehavioral symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may differ based on gender and the experience of nightmares. Research Method/Design: This cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults ≥ 3 months post-TBI (n = 110) assessed differences in neurobehavioral symptoms between women (n = 41) and men (n = 69) by experience of nightmares. Outcome measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool subscales for negative affect, substance abuse, executive functioning, fatigue, impulsivity, and maladaptive coping. N = 22 participants (n = 7 women, n = 15 men) experienced nightmares at least "sometimes" over the past 2 weeks. Nightmares were associated with more substance abuse, negative affect, fatigue, maladaptive coping, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (ps < .02). Women reported more negative affect, maladaptive coping, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (ps < .05) than men. Men experiencing nightmares reported more substance use than men without nightmares (p = .036), a difference not seen in women (p = .233). Women experiencing nightmares reported more impulsivity than women without nightmares (p = .028), a difference not seen in men (p = .559). Nightmares, post-TBI, are associated with more neurobehavioral symptoms. However, symptom patterns associated with nightmares may differ by gender. Nightmares may be a symptom of, or contribute to, sleep disruptions post-TBI or may indicate other conditions, like posttraumatic stress disorder. Future research should examine gender differences in neurobehavioral symptoms post-TBI in the context of nightmares and/or sleep disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).