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The first human case of zoonotic A(H7N4) avian influenza virus (AIV) infection was reported in early 2018 in China. Two months after this case, novel A(H7N4) viruses phylogenetically related to the Jiangsu isolate emerged in ducks from live bird markets in Cambodia. During active surveillance in Cambodia, a novel A(H7N6) reassortant of the zoonotic low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) A(H7N4) was detected in domestic ducks at a slaughterhouse. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel A(H7N6) AIV is a reassortant, in which four gene segments originated from Cambodia A(H7N4) viruses and four gene segments originated from LPAIVs in Eurasia. Animal infection experiments revealed that chickens transmitted the A(H7N6) virus via low level direct contacts, but ducks did not. Although avian-origin A(H7Nx) LPAIVs do not contain the critical mammalian-adaptive substitution (E627K) in PB2, the lethality and morbidity of the A(H7N6) virus in BALB/c mice were similar to those of A(H7N9) viruses, suggesting potential for interspecies transmission. Our study reports the emergence of a new reassortant of zoonotic A(H7N4) AIVs with novel viral characteristics and emphasizes the need for ongoing surveillance of avian-origin A(H7Nx) viruses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Yu‐Na Lee; Dong‐Hun Lee; Jae‐In Shin; Young‐Jae Si; Ji‐Ho Lee; Yoon‐Gi Baek; Seo Yun Hong; Seng Bunnary; Sothyra Tum; Minji Park; Soo‐Jeong Kye; Myoung‐Heon Lee; Youn‐Jeong Lee. Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of a novel reassortant low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N6) virus isolated in Cambodia in 2019. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleYu‐Na Lee, Dong‐Hun Lee, Jae‐In Shin, Young‐Jae Si, Ji‐Ho Lee, Yoon‐Gi Baek, Seo Yun Hong, Seng Bunnary, Sothyra Tum, Minji Park, Soo‐Jeong Kye, Myoung‐Heon Lee, Youn‐Jeong Lee. Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of a novel reassortant low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N6) virus isolated in Cambodia in 2019. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu‐Na Lee; Dong‐Hun Lee; Jae‐In Shin; Young‐Jae Si; Ji‐Ho Lee; Yoon‐Gi Baek; Seo Yun Hong; Seng Bunnary; Sothyra Tum; Minji Park; Soo‐Jeong Kye; Myoung‐Heon Lee; Youn‐Jeong Lee. 2021. "Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of a novel reassortant low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N6) virus isolated in Cambodia in 2019." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases , no. : 1.
Since its first appearance in 1996, H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) of the Y439 lineage persisted in Korean live bird markets (LBM) until the last documented occurrence in 2018. However, in June 2020, the avian influenza surveillance program detected a novel H9N2 AIV belonging to the Y280 lineage, which has zoonotic potential, in a Korean native chicken (KNC) from a LBM. In this study, we infected KNCs and ducks (the two major species held at LBMs), as well as SPF chickens, with Y280-lineage H9N2 AIV LBM261/20 and Y439-equivalent LBM294/18 to compare pathogenicity and transmissibility. In SPF chickens, LBM261/20 replicated mostly in the respiratory tract and spread rapidly among birds. By contrast, LBM294/18 replicated preferentially in the gastrointestinal tract and transmitted more slowly than LBM261/20. LBM261/20 replicated for a longer time in KNCs than in SPF chickens, and only in the respiratory tract; by contrast, LBM294/18 was detected in the oropharynx and cloaca. Ducks did not shed either virus or seroconvert. Taken together, the data suggest that the scheme used to monitor the newly introduced H9N2 AIV of the Y280 lineage needs to be modified to place emphasis on oropharyngeal sampling. Such changes will facilitate better disease control and protect public health.
Soo-Jeong Kye; Min-Ji Park; Na-Young Kim; Yu-Na Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Yoon-Ki Baek; Jae-In Shin; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. Pathogenicity of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of different lineages isolated from live bird markets tested in three animal models: SPF chickens, Korean native chickens, and ducks. Poultry Science 2021, 100, 101318 .
AMA StyleSoo-Jeong Kye, Min-Ji Park, Na-Young Kim, Yu-Na Lee, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Yoon-Ki Baek, Jae-In Shin, Myoung-Heon Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee. Pathogenicity of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of different lineages isolated from live bird markets tested in three animal models: SPF chickens, Korean native chickens, and ducks. Poultry Science. 2021; 100 (9):101318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoo-Jeong Kye; Min-Ji Park; Na-Young Kim; Yu-Na Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Yoon-Ki Baek; Jae-In Shin; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2021. "Pathogenicity of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of different lineages isolated from live bird markets tested in three animal models: SPF chickens, Korean native chickens, and ducks." Poultry Science 100, no. 9: 101318.
During October 2020–January 2021, we isolated a total of 67 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses from wild birds and outbreaks in poultry in South Korea. We sequenced the isolates and performed phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences to determine the origin, evolution, and spread patterns of these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene showed that all the isolates belong to H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B (2.3.4.4b) and form two distinct genetic clusters, G1 and G2. The cluster G1 was closely related to the 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAI viruses detected in Europe in early 2020, while the cluster G2 had a close genetic relationship with the 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses that circulated in Europe in late 2020. A total of seven distinct genotypes were identified, including five novel reassortants carrying internal genes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Our Bayesian discrete trait phylodynamic analysis between host types suggests that the viruses initially disseminated from migratory waterfowl to domestic duck farms in South Korea. Subsequently, domestic duck farms most likely contributed to the transmission of HPAI viruses to chicken and minor poultry farms, highlighting the need for enhanced, high levels of biosecurity measures at domestic duck farms to effectively prevent the introduction and spread of HPAI.
Yoon-Gi Baek; Yu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Jae-In Shin; Ji-Ho Lee; David Chung; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Mingeun Sagong; Soo-Jeong Kye; Kwang-Nyeong Lee; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. Multiple Reassortants of H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in South Korea during the Winter of 2020–2021. Viruses 2021, 13, 490 .
AMA StyleYoon-Gi Baek, Yu-Na Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Jae-In Shin, Ji-Ho Lee, David Chung, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Mingeun Sagong, Soo-Jeong Kye, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Myoung-Heon Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee. Multiple Reassortants of H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in South Korea during the Winter of 2020–2021. Viruses. 2021; 13 (3):490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon-Gi Baek; Yu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Jae-In Shin; Ji-Ho Lee; David Chung; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Mingeun Sagong; Soo-Jeong Kye; Kwang-Nyeong Lee; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2021. "Multiple Reassortants of H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in South Korea during the Winter of 2020–2021." Viruses 13, no. 3: 490.
In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of previously unreported Y280-lineage H9N2 viruses from two live bird markets in Korea in June 2020. Genetic analysis revealed that they were distinct from previous H9N2 viruses circulating in Korea and had highest homology to A/chicken/Shandong/1844/2019(H9N2) viruses. Their genetic constellation showed they belonged to genotype S, which is the predominant genotype in China since 2010, where genotype S viruses have infected humans and acted as internal gene donors to H5 and H7 zoonotic influenza viruses. Active surveillance and control measures need to be enhanced to protect the poultry industry and public health.
Gyeong-Beom Heo; Soo-Jeong Kye; Mingeun Sagong; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Kwang-Nyeong Lee; Yu-Na Lee; Kang-Seuk Choi; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. Genetic characterization of H9N2 avian influenza virus previously unrecognized in Korea. Journal of Veterinary Science 2021, 22, e21 .
AMA StyleGyeong-Beom Heo, Soo-Jeong Kye, Mingeun Sagong, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Yu-Na Lee, Kang-Seuk Choi, Myoung-Heon Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee. Genetic characterization of H9N2 avian influenza virus previously unrecognized in Korea. Journal of Veterinary Science. 2021; 22 (2):e21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGyeong-Beom Heo; Soo-Jeong Kye; Mingeun Sagong; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Kwang-Nyeong Lee; Yu-Na Lee; Kang-Seuk Choi; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2021. "Genetic characterization of H9N2 avian influenza virus previously unrecognized in Korea." Journal of Veterinary Science 22, no. 2: e21.
Clade 2.3.4.4c H5N6 avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) may have originally adapted to infect chickens and have caused highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry and human fatalities. Although A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8)-derived recombinant clade 2.3.4.4c H5N6 vaccine strains have been effective in embryonated chicken eggs-based vaccine production system, they need to be improved in terms of immunogenicity and potential mammalian pathogenicity. We replaced the PB2 gene alone or the PB2 (polymerase basic protein 2), NP (nucleoprotein), M (matrix protein) and NS (non-structural protein) genes together in the PR8 strain with corresponding genes from AIVs with low pathogenicity to remove mammalian pathogenicity and to match CD8+ T cell epitopes with contemporary HPAI viruses, respectively, without loss of viral fitness. Additionally, we tested the effect of the H103Y mutation of hemagglutinin (HA) on antigen productivity, mammalian pathogenicity and heat/acid stability. The replacement of PB2 genes and the H103Y mutation reduced the mammalian pathogenicity but increased the antigen productivity of the recombinant vaccine strains. The H103Y mutation increased heat stability but unexpectedly decreased acid stability, probably resulting in increased activation pH for HA. Interestingly, vaccination with inactivated recombinant virus with replaced NP, M and NS genes halted challenge virus shedding earlier than the recombinant vaccine without internal genes replacement. In conclusion, we successfully generated recombinant clade 2.3.4.4c H5N6 vaccine strains that were less pathogenic to mammals and more productive and heat stable than conventional PR8-derived recombinant strains by optimization of internal genes and the H103Y mutation of HA.
Se-Hee An; Seung-Min Hong; Seung-Eun Son; Jin-Ha Song; Chung-Young Lee; Jun-Gu Choi; Youn-Jeong Lee; Jei-Hyun Jeong; Jun-Beom Kim; Chang-Seon Song; Jae-Hong Kim; Kang-Seuk Choi; Hyuk-Joon Kwon. Improvement of PR8-Derived Recombinant Clade 2.3.4.4c H5N6 Vaccine Strains by Optimization of Internal Genes and H103Y Mutation of Hemagglutinin. Vaccines 2020, 8, 781 .
AMA StyleSe-Hee An, Seung-Min Hong, Seung-Eun Son, Jin-Ha Song, Chung-Young Lee, Jun-Gu Choi, Youn-Jeong Lee, Jei-Hyun Jeong, Jun-Beom Kim, Chang-Seon Song, Jae-Hong Kim, Kang-Seuk Choi, Hyuk-Joon Kwon. Improvement of PR8-Derived Recombinant Clade 2.3.4.4c H5N6 Vaccine Strains by Optimization of Internal Genes and H103Y Mutation of Hemagglutinin. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (4):781.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSe-Hee An; Seung-Min Hong; Seung-Eun Son; Jin-Ha Song; Chung-Young Lee; Jun-Gu Choi; Youn-Jeong Lee; Jei-Hyun Jeong; Jun-Beom Kim; Chang-Seon Song; Jae-Hong Kim; Kang-Seuk Choi; Hyuk-Joon Kwon. 2020. "Improvement of PR8-Derived Recombinant Clade 2.3.4.4c H5N6 Vaccine Strains by Optimization of Internal Genes and H103Y Mutation of Hemagglutinin." Vaccines 8, no. 4: 781.
Background South Korea conducts annual national surveillance programs to detect avian influenza (AI) in domestic poultry, live bird markets, and wild birds. In March 2017, an AIV was isolated from fecal samples in an outdoor aviary flight cage in a zoo in Korea. Results Nucleotide sequencing identified the isolate as low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H7N7, and DNA barcoding analysis identified the host species as red-crowned crane. This isolate was designated A/red-crowned crane/Korea/H1026/2017 (H7N7). Genetic analysis and gene constellation analysis revealed that A/red-crowned crane/Korea/H1026/2017 (H7N7) showed high similarity with four H7N7 LPAIVs isolated from wild bird habitats in Seoul and Gyeonggi in early 2017. Conclusions Considering the genetic similarity and similar collection dates of the viruses, and the fact that zoo bird cages are vulnerable to AIV, it is likely that fecal contamination from wild birds might have introduced LPAIV H7N7 into the red-crowned crane at the zoo. Therefore, our results emphasize that enhanced biosecurity measures should be employed during the wild bird migration season, and that continued surveillance should be undertaken to prevent potential threats to avian species in zoos and to humans.
Young-Jae Si; Yu-Na Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Yu-Ri Park; Yoon-Gi Baek; Soo-Jeong Kye; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. Isolation and characterization of low pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus from a red-crowned crane in a zoo in South Korea. BMC Veterinary Research 2020, 16, 1 -6.
AMA StyleYoung-Jae Si, Yu-Na Lee, Sun-Ha Cheon, Yu-Ri Park, Yoon-Gi Baek, Soo-Jeong Kye, Myoung-Heon Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee. Isolation and characterization of low pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus from a red-crowned crane in a zoo in South Korea. BMC Veterinary Research. 2020; 16 (1):1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoung-Jae Si; Yu-Na Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Yu-Ri Park; Yoon-Gi Baek; Soo-Jeong Kye; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2020. "Isolation and characterization of low pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus from a red-crowned crane in a zoo in South Korea." BMC Veterinary Research 16, no. 1: 1-6.
Since 2004, several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have been reported in Cambodia. Until 2013, all H5N1 viruses identified in Cambodia belonged to clade 1 and its subclades. H5N1 HPAI viruses belonging to clade 2.3.2.1c have been dominant since the beginning of 2014, with various genotypes (KH1-KH5) reported. Here, we isolated nine H5N1 HPAI viruses from domestic poultry farms and slaughterhouses in Cambodia during 2018–2019 and performed phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences. All isolates were classified as H5 clade 2.3.2.1c viruses and all harbored multi-basic amino acid sequences (PQRERRRKR/GLF) at the haemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H5N1 isolates in this study belonged to the KH2 genotype, the dominant genotype in Cambodia in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the isolates were divided into two groups (A and B). The results of Bayesian discrete phylogeography analysis revealed that the viral migration pathways from Vietnam to Cambodia (Bayes factor value: 734,039.01; posterior probability: 1.00) and from Cambodia to Vietnam (Bayes factor value: 26,199.95; posterior probability: 1.00) were supported by high statistical values. These well-supported viral migrations between Vietnam and Cambodia demonstrate that viral transmission continued in both directions. Several factors may have contributed to this, including the free-grazing duck system and movement of poultry-related products. Thus, the results emphasize the need for an enhanced international surveillance program to better understand transboundary infection and evolution of H5N1 HPAI viruses, along with implementation of more stringent international trade controls on poultry and poultry products.
Yu-Ri Park; Yu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Young-Jae Si; Yoon-Gi Baek; Seng Bunnary; Ren Theary; Sothyra Tum; Soo-Jeong Kye; Myoung-Heon Lee; Choi-Kyu Park; Youn-Jeong Lee. Phylogeographic analysis of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated in Cambodia from 2018 to 2019. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2020, 86, 104599 .
AMA StyleYu-Ri Park, Yu-Na Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Young-Jae Si, Yoon-Gi Baek, Seng Bunnary, Ren Theary, Sothyra Tum, Soo-Jeong Kye, Myoung-Heon Lee, Choi-Kyu Park, Youn-Jeong Lee. Phylogeographic analysis of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated in Cambodia from 2018 to 2019. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020; 86 ():104599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Ri Park; Yu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Young-Jae Si; Yoon-Gi Baek; Seng Bunnary; Ren Theary; Sothyra Tum; Soo-Jeong Kye; Myoung-Heon Lee; Choi-Kyu Park; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2020. "Phylogeographic analysis of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated in Cambodia from 2018 to 2019." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 86, no. : 104599.
H5 and H7 subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) can mutate to highly pathogenic forms and are therefore subject to stringent controls. We characterized H5 LPAIVs isolated from wild-bird habitats and duck farms in South Korea from 2010 to 2017. Through nationwide active surveillance for AIVs, 59 H5 LPAIVs were isolated from wild-bird habitats (a mean annual rate of 5.3% of AIV isolations). In 2015, one LPAI H5N3 strain was isolated on a duck farm. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H5 isolates belonged to the Eurasian lineage, classified into three subgroups (HA-II, HA-III, and HA-IV). The H5 LPAIVs of the HA-III and HA-IV subgroups appeared in 2015 and 2017 in unusually high proportions (13.1% and 14.4%, respectively). In gene-constellation analysis, H5 LPAIVs isolated from 2015 to 2017 constituted ≥ 35 distinct genotypes, representing high levels of genetic diversity. Representative strains of three HA subgroups replicated restrictively in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Among the 11 isolates that were tested, 10 infected and replicated in mice without prior adaptation. The frequency of recent H5 LPAIV isolates with high genetic diversity indicates the importance of continued surveillance in both wild birds and poultry to monitor genetic and pathobiological changes.
Yu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Yu-Ri Park; Yoon-Gi Baek; Young-Jae Si; Soo-Jeong Kye; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; You-Chan Bae; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in South Korea. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -11.
AMA StyleYu-Na Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Sun-Ha Cheon, Yu-Ri Park, Yoon-Gi Baek, Young-Jae Si, Soo-Jeong Kye, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Gyeong-Beom Heo, You-Chan Bae, Myoung-Heon Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee. Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in South Korea. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Yu-Ri Park; Yoon-Gi Baek; Young-Jae Si; Soo-Jeong Kye; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; You-Chan Bae; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2020. "Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in South Korea." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-11.
Since 2004, there have been multiple outbreaks of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in Laos. Here, we isolated H5N1 HPAI viruses from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015–2018 and investigated their genetic characteristics and pathogenicity in chickens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c, and that they differed from previous Laos viruses with respect to genetic composition. In particular, the isolates were divided into two genotypes, each of which had a different NS segment. The results of possible migration analysis suggested a high likelihood that the Laos isolates were introduced from neighboring countries, particularly Vietnam. The recent Laos isolate, A/Duck/Laos/NL‐1504599/2018, had an intravenous pathogenicity index score of 3.0 and showed a 50% chicken lethal dose of 102.5 EID50/0.1 ml, indicating high pathogenicity. The isolated viruses exhibited no critical substitution in the markers associated with mammalian adaptation, but possess markers related to neuraminidase inhibitor resistance. These results emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance of circulating influenza virus in Southeast Asia, including Laos, to better prepare for and mitigate global spread of H5 HPAI.
Yu‐Ri Park; Yu‐Na Lee; Dong‐Hun Lee; Yoon‐Gi Baek; Young‐Jae Si; Phetlamphone Meeduangchanh; Watthana Theppangna; Bounlom Douangngeun; Soo‐Jeong Kye; Myoung‐Heon Lee; Choi‐Kyu Park; Youn‐Jeong Lee. Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015–2018. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2019, 67, 947 -955.
AMA StyleYu‐Ri Park, Yu‐Na Lee, Dong‐Hun Lee, Yoon‐Gi Baek, Young‐Jae Si, Phetlamphone Meeduangchanh, Watthana Theppangna, Bounlom Douangngeun, Soo‐Jeong Kye, Myoung‐Heon Lee, Choi‐Kyu Park, Youn‐Jeong Lee. Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015–2018. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2019; 67 (2):947-955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu‐Ri Park; Yu‐Na Lee; Dong‐Hun Lee; Yoon‐Gi Baek; Young‐Jae Si; Phetlamphone Meeduangchanh; Watthana Theppangna; Bounlom Douangngeun; Soo‐Jeong Kye; Myoung‐Heon Lee; Choi‐Kyu Park; Youn‐Jeong Lee. 2019. "Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015–2018." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67, no. 2: 947-955.
The H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 spread from Eastern China to Korea in 2014 and caused outbreaks in domestic poultry until 2016. To understand how H5N8 HPAIV spread at host species level in Korea during 2014‐2016, a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was used for ancestral state reconstruction and estimation of the host transition dynamics between wild waterfowl, domestic ducks, and chickens. Our data supports that H5N8 HPAIV most likely transmitted from wild waterfowl to domestic ducks, then maintained in domestic ducks followed by dispersal of HPAIV from domestic ducks to chickens, suggesting domestic duck population plays a central role in the maintenance, amplification and spread of wild HPAIV to terrestrial poultry in Korea.
Jung‐Hoon Kwon; Justin Bahl; David E. Swayne; Yu‐Na Lee; Youn‐Jeong Lee; Chang‐Seon Song; Dong‐Hun Lee. Domestic ducks play a major role in the maintenance and spread of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in South Korea. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2019, 67, 844 -851.
AMA StyleJung‐Hoon Kwon, Justin Bahl, David E. Swayne, Yu‐Na Lee, Youn‐Jeong Lee, Chang‐Seon Song, Dong‐Hun Lee. Domestic ducks play a major role in the maintenance and spread of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in South Korea. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2019; 67 (2):844-851.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung‐Hoon Kwon; Justin Bahl; David E. Swayne; Yu‐Na Lee; Youn‐Jeong Lee; Chang‐Seon Song; Dong‐Hun Lee. 2019. "Domestic ducks play a major role in the maintenance and spread of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in South Korea." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67, no. 2: 844-851.
Since 2017, clade 2.3.4.4b H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have been detected over a broad geographic region, including Eurasia. These viruses have evolved through reassortment with Eurasian low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs), resulting in multiple genotypes. Here, we sequenced the full-length genome of 15 H5N6 HPAIVs collected from wild birds and poultry farms in South Korea from January to March 2018. A comparative phylogenetic analysis was then conducted. Three distinct genotypes were identified in South Korea during 2017/2018, including a novel reassortant genotype, H214. The novel reassortant H5N6 viruses isolated in this study possessed PB2, PA, and NP gene segments of Eurasian LPAIV on a genetic backbone of the H35-like genotype, which was identified in Korea and the Netherlands during 2017. Bayesian molecular clock analysis suggested that the novel reassortant viruses were generated most likely during the fall migration/wintering season of migratory waterfowl in 2017. Considering the continued emergence and spread of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIV, enhanced surveillance of wild waterfowl is needed for early detection of HPAIV incursions.
Yoon-Gi Baek; Yu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Soo-Jeong Kye; Yu-Ri Park; Young-Jae Si; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. A novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 virus identified in South Korea in 2018. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2019, 78, 104056 .
AMA StyleYoon-Gi Baek, Yu-Na Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Sun-Ha Cheon, Soo-Jeong Kye, Yu-Ri Park, Young-Jae Si, Myoung-Heon Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee. A novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 virus identified in South Korea in 2018. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2019; 78 ():104056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon-Gi Baek; Yu-Na Lee; Dong-Hun Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Soo-Jeong Kye; Yu-Ri Park; Young-Jae Si; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2019. "A novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 virus identified in South Korea in 2018." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 78, no. : 104056.
In 2016, novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus emerged in Korea. During the outbreak, the virus caused the largest culling, especially in brown chicken lines. We determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the virus in 2 white chicken lines of the specific pathogen-free chickens, broilers and brown chicken line of Korean native chicken (KNC). A KNC had a longer virus shedding period and longer mean death time than others. Our study showed that this characteristic in the KNC might have contributed to a farm-to-farm transmission of the brown chicken farms.
Seok-Chan Park; Byung-Min Song; Yu-Na Lee; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Soo-Jeong Kye; Kyung-Hyun Lee; You-Chan Bae; Youn-Jeong Lee; Bumseok Kim. Pathogenicity of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in three chicken breeds from South Korea in 2016/2017. Journal of Veterinary Science 2019, 20, e27 .
AMA StyleSeok-Chan Park, Byung-Min Song, Yu-Na Lee, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Soo-Jeong Kye, Kyung-Hyun Lee, You-Chan Bae, Youn-Jeong Lee, Bumseok Kim. Pathogenicity of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in three chicken breeds from South Korea in 2016/2017. Journal of Veterinary Science. 2019; 20 (3):e27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeok-Chan Park; Byung-Min Song; Yu-Na Lee; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Soo-Jeong Kye; Kyung-Hyun Lee; You-Chan Bae; Youn-Jeong Lee; Bumseok Kim. 2019. "Pathogenicity of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in three chicken breeds from South Korea in 2016/2017." Journal of Veterinary Science 20, no. 3: e27.
In this study, we characterized H7 subtype low-pathogenicity (LP) influenza A viruses (IAVs) isolated from wild bird habitats in the Republic of Korea from 2010 to early 2017. Through national surveillance, 104 H7 IAVs were isolated, accounting for an average of 14.9% of annual IAV isolations. In early 2017, H7 subtypes accounted for an unusually high prevalence (43.6%) of IAV detections in wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the viruses isolated in the winter of 2016–2017 fell within cluster II of group C, belonging to the Eurasian lineage of H7 IAVs. Notably, cluster II of group C included the H7 gene from the highly pathogenic H7N7 IAV that was detected in northeastern Italy in April of 2016. Through a gene-constellation analysis, the H7 LPIAVs that we isolated constituted ≥11 distinct genotypes. Because the viruses belonging to the genotypes G2.1 and G1 were observed most frequently, we compared the replication and transmission of representative viruses to these genotypes in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Notably, the representative G2.1 strain was capable of systemic replication and efficient transmission in chickens (as evidenced by virus isolation and histopathological examination) without any clinical signs except mortality (in one infected chicken). The efficient subclinical viral replication and shedding of the G2.1 virus in chickens may facilitate its silent spread among poultry after introduction. Given that wild birds harbor novel strains that could affect poultry, our results highlight the need for enhanced IAV surveillance in both wild birds and poultry in Eurasia.
Yu-Na Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; You-Chan You-Chan Bae Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660 Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of novel reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza H7 viruses isolated from migratory birds in the Republic of Korea in the winter of 2016–2017. Emerging Microbes & Infections 2018, 7, 1 -13.
AMA StyleYu-Na Lee, Sun-Ha Cheon, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Gyeong-Beom Heo, You-Chan You-Chan Bae Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660 Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea, Myoung-Heon Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee. Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of novel reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza H7 viruses isolated from migratory birds in the Republic of Korea in the winter of 2016–2017. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2018; 7 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Na Lee; Sun-Ha Cheon; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; You-Chan You-Chan Bae Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660 Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea; Myoung-Heon Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2018. "Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of novel reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza H7 viruses isolated from migratory birds in the Republic of Korea in the winter of 2016–2017." Emerging Microbes & Infections 7, no. 1: 1-13.
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are genetically separated by geographical barriers, resulting in the independent evolution of North American and Eurasian lineages. In the present study, to determine whether AIVs possessing the North American-origin nonstructural (NS) gene were previously introduced into South Korea, we performed a genetic analysis of AIVs isolated from fecal samples of migratory birds. We detected seven viruses possessing the North American-origin NS allele B among 413 AIV-positive samples obtained during AI surveillance between 2012 and 2017. We found evidence for the intercontinental transmission of at least three genetically distinct clusters of the B allele of the North American-origin NS gene into Eurasia at a low frequency. The host species of three viruses were identified as the greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) using a DNA barcoding technique. Moreover, we used GPS-CDMA-based telemetry to determine the migration route of the greater white-fronted goose between the Far East of Russia and South Korea and found that this species may play an important role as an intermediate vector in the intercontinental transmission of AIVs. To improve our understanding of the role of wild birds in the ecology of AIVs, advanced AIV surveillance is required in the Far East of Russia as well as in Alaska region of Beringia accompanied by host identification and wild bird tracking.
Sun-Ha Cheon; Yu-Na Lee; Sung-Il Kang; Soo-Jeong Kye; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Myoung-Heon Lee; Jeong Won Kim; Kwang-Nyeong Lee; Han-Mo Son; Youn-Jeong Lee; Myeong-Heon Lee. Genetic evidence for the intercontinental movement of avian influenza viruses possessing North American-origin nonstructural gene allele B into South Korea. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2018, 66, 18 -25.
AMA StyleSun-Ha Cheon, Yu-Na Lee, Sung-Il Kang, Soo-Jeong Kye, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Myoung-Heon Lee, Jeong Won Kim, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Han-Mo Son, Youn-Jeong Lee, Myeong-Heon Lee. Genetic evidence for the intercontinental movement of avian influenza viruses possessing North American-origin nonstructural gene allele B into South Korea. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2018; 66 ():18-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun-Ha Cheon; Yu-Na Lee; Sung-Il Kang; Soo-Jeong Kye; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Myoung-Heon Lee; Jeong Won Kim; Kwang-Nyeong Lee; Han-Mo Son; Youn-Jeong Lee; Myeong-Heon Lee. 2018. "Genetic evidence for the intercontinental movement of avian influenza viruses possessing North American-origin nonstructural gene allele B into South Korea." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 66, no. : 18-25.
Eun-Kyoung Lee; Yu-Na Lee; Soo-Jeong Kye; Nicola S. Lewis; Ian H. Brown; Mingeun Sagong; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Yong-Myung Kang; Hyun-Kyu Cho; Hyun-Mi Kang; Sun-Ha Cheon; MyeongHeon Lee; Bong-Kyun Park; Yong-Joo Kim; Youn-Jeong Lee. Characterization of a novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4 in Korea, 2017. Emerging Microbes & Infections 2018, 7, 1 -3.
AMA StyleEun-Kyoung Lee, Yu-Na Lee, Soo-Jeong Kye, Nicola S. Lewis, Ian H. Brown, Mingeun Sagong, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Yong-Myung Kang, Hyun-Kyu Cho, Hyun-Mi Kang, Sun-Ha Cheon, MyeongHeon Lee, Bong-Kyun Park, Yong-Joo Kim, Youn-Jeong Lee. Characterization of a novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4 in Korea, 2017. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2018; 7 (1):1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun-Kyoung Lee; Yu-Na Lee; Soo-Jeong Kye; Nicola S. Lewis; Ian H. Brown; Mingeun Sagong; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Yong-Myung Kang; Hyun-Kyu Cho; Hyun-Mi Kang; Sun-Ha Cheon; MyeongHeon Lee; Bong-Kyun Park; Yong-Joo Kim; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2018. "Characterization of a novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4 in Korea, 2017." Emerging Microbes & Infections 7, no. 1: 1-3.
Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have spread worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis identified two genetic groups of the H5N8 HPAIVs in South Korea; group A evolved further into four subgroups. Here, we examined the zoonotic potential, both in vivo and in vitro, of genetically distinct subgroups of H5N8 HPAIVs isolated in South Korea. When compared with other subgroups, A/mallard/Korea/H2102/2015 (H2102) virus caused relatively severe disease in mice at high doses. In ferrets, all H5N8 viruses replicated restrictively in the respiratory tract and did not induce significant clinical signs of influenza infection. In vitro studies, all viruses displayed a hemagglutinin phenotype that was poorly adapted for infection of mammals, although the H2102 virus exhibited higher replication kinetics at 33 °C than the others. Although H5N8 HPAIVs have not yet acquired all the characteristics required for adaptation to mammals, their ability to evolve continuously underscores the need for timely risk assessment.
Yu-Na Lee; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Byung-Min Song; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Sang-Hee Woo; Sun-Ha Cheon; Youn-Jeong Lee. Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of multiple subgroups of clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A (H5N8) virus. Virology 2018, 516, 38 -45.
AMA StyleYu-Na Lee, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Byung-Min Song, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Sang-Hee Woo, Sun-Ha Cheon, Youn-Jeong Lee. Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of multiple subgroups of clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A (H5N8) virus. Virology. 2018; 516 ():38-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Na Lee; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Byung-Min Song; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Sang-Hee Woo; Sun-Ha Cheon; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2018. "Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of multiple subgroups of clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A (H5N8) virus." Virology 516, no. : 38-45.
To develop the large scale serological assay for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection, we evaluated two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods using nucleocapsid protein (NP) and Gn proteins of CB1 (genotype B) SFTSV strains. The NP-based ELISA tests showed more sensitive with broad cross-reactivity between two different genotype A and B strains compared with those of Gn-based ELISA tests. However, Gn-based ELISA showed more genotype specificity and specificity. These result suggested that NP-based ELISA test could be applicable for general sero-prevalence studies of SFTSV infections, while Gn-based ELISA could be applicable for a certain specific genotype sero-prevalence study.
Min-Ah Yu; Hye Won Jeong; Su-Jin Park; Young-Il Kim; Hyeok-Il Kwon; Eun-Ha Kim; Young-Jae Si; Kwang Min Yu; Norbert John Robles; Hae Jung Han; Young Ki Choi. Evaluation of two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus diagnosis. Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2018, 7, 82 -86.
AMA StyleMin-Ah Yu, Hye Won Jeong, Su-Jin Park, Young-Il Kim, Hyeok-Il Kwon, Eun-Ha Kim, Young-Jae Si, Kwang Min Yu, Norbert John Robles, Hae Jung Han, Young Ki Choi. Evaluation of two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus diagnosis. Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research. 2018; 7 (1):82-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin-Ah Yu; Hye Won Jeong; Su-Jin Park; Young-Il Kim; Hyeok-Il Kwon; Eun-Ha Kim; Young-Jae Si; Kwang Min Yu; Norbert John Robles; Hae Jung Han; Young Ki Choi. 2018. "Evaluation of two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus diagnosis." Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 7, no. 1: 82-86.
We report the identification of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype H5N6, clade 2.3.4.4, that presumably originated from China. In addition, reassortant strains with Eurasian lineage low pathogenic avian influenza viruses were isolated in wild birds and poultry in South Korea. The emergence of these novel H5N6 viruses and their circulation among bird populations are of great concern because of the potential for virus dissemination with intercontinental wild bird migration.
Eun-Kyoung Lee; Byung-Min Song; Yu-Na Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; You-Chan Bae; Sung-Joon Joh; Seok-Chan Park; Kang-Seuk Choi; Hyun-Jeong Lee; Il Jang; Min-Su Kang; Ok-Mi Jeong; Byung-Kook Choi; Sang-Man Lee; Suk Chan Jeong; Bong-Kyun Park; Hee-Soo Lee. Multiple novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, South Korea, 2016. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2017, 51, 21 -23.
AMA StyleEun-Kyoung Lee, Byung-Min Song, Yu-Na Lee, Gyeong-Beom Heo, You-Chan Bae, Sung-Joon Joh, Seok-Chan Park, Kang-Seuk Choi, Hyun-Jeong Lee, Il Jang, Min-Su Kang, Ok-Mi Jeong, Byung-Kook Choi, Sang-Man Lee, Suk Chan Jeong, Bong-Kyun Park, Hee-Soo Lee. Multiple novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, South Korea, 2016. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2017; 51 ():21-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun-Kyoung Lee; Byung-Min Song; Yu-Na Lee; Gyeong-Beom Heo; You-Chan Bae; Sung-Joon Joh; Seok-Chan Park; Kang-Seuk Choi; Hyun-Jeong Lee; Il Jang; Min-Su Kang; Ok-Mi Jeong; Byung-Kook Choi; Sang-Man Lee; Suk Chan Jeong; Bong-Kyun Park; Hee-Soo Lee. 2017. "Multiple novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, South Korea, 2016." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 51, no. : 21-23.
National surveillance of avian influenza virus (AIV) in South Korea has been annually conducted for the early detection of AIV and responses to the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. In this study, we report on a nationwide surveillance study of AIV in domestic poultry and wild birds in South Korea between 2012 and 2014. During the surveillance programs between 2012 and 2014, 141,560 samples were collected. Of these, 102,199 were from poultry farms, 8215 were from LBMs, and 31,146 were from wild bird habitats. The virus isolation was performed by inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs and AIV isolates were detected using hemagglutination assay. For subtying of AIV, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes were confirmed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the H5 subtypes was performed using 28 H5 AIV isolates. Between 2012 and 2014, a total of 819 AIV were isolated from 141,560 samples. Virus isolation rates for AIV were 0.6, 0.4, 0.1, and 2.7% in wild birds (n = 202), domestic ducks (n = 387), minor poultry (n = 11), and the live bird market (LBM) (n = 219), respectively. In wild birds, various subtypes were found including H1–H7 and H9–H13. The major subtypes were H5 (n = 48, 23.9%: N3 (n = 4) and N8 (n = 44)), H4 (n = 39, 19.4%), and H1 (n = 29, 14.4%). In domestic poultry, mainly ducks, the H5N8 (n = 275, 59.3%), H3 (n = 30, 17.2%), and H6 (n = 53, 11.4%) subtypes were predominantly found. The most frequently detected subtypes in LBM, primarily Korean native chicken, were H9 (n = 169, 77.2%). H3 (n = 10, 4%) and H6 (n = 30, 13.7%) were also isolated in LBM. Overall, the prevalence of AIV was found to be higher between winter and spring and in western parts of South Korea. The unusual high prevalence of the H5 subtype of AIV was due to the large scale outbreak of H5N8 HPAI in wild birds and domestic poultry in 2014. Enhanced surveillance and application of effective control measures in wild birds and domestic poultry, including LBM, should be implemented to control AI and eradicate HPAI.
Eun-Kyoung Lee; Hyun-Mi Kang; Byung-Min Song; Yu-Na Lee; Gyeong-Beum Heo; Hee-Soo Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee; Jae-Hong Kim. Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in South Korea between 2012 and 2014. Virology Journal 2017, 14, 54 .
AMA StyleEun-Kyoung Lee, Hyun-Mi Kang, Byung-Min Song, Yu-Na Lee, Gyeong-Beum Heo, Hee-Soo Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee, Jae-Hong Kim. Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in South Korea between 2012 and 2014. Virology Journal. 2017; 14 (1):54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun-Kyoung Lee; Hyun-Mi Kang; Byung-Min Song; Yu-Na Lee; Gyeong-Beum Heo; Hee-Soo Lee; Youn-Jeong Lee; Jae-Hong Kim. 2017. "Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in South Korea between 2012 and 2014." Virology Journal 14, no. 1: 54.
Hyun-Mi Kang; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Byung-Min Song; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Joojin Jung; Il Jang; You-Chan Bae; Suk Chan Jung; Youn-Jeong Lee. Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses. Veterinary Microbiology 2017, 198, 59 -63.
AMA StyleHyun-Mi Kang, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Byung-Min Song, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Joojin Jung, Il Jang, You-Chan Bae, Suk Chan Jung, Youn-Jeong Lee. Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses. Veterinary Microbiology. 2017; 198 ():59-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyun-Mi Kang; Eun-Kyoung Lee; Byung-Min Song; Gyeong-Beom Heo; Joojin Jung; Il Jang; You-Chan Bae; Suk Chan Jung; Youn-Jeong Lee. 2017. "Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses." Veterinary Microbiology 198, no. : 59-63.