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Prof. Dr. Luiz Hespanhol
Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID)

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0 Epidemiology
0 Injury Prevention
0 Sports Science
0 physiotherapy
0 physical activity promotion

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Injury Prevention
physiotherapy
Epidemiology

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Short Biography

I am a full professor in the Masters and Doctoral Programmes in Physiotherapy at Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Brazil. I am also a collaborative researcher in the Department of Public and Occupational Health (DPOH), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and in the Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), the Netherlands. My background is in physiotherapy and epidemiology (Epidemiologist B [Epidemiology Scientific Researcher] – The Netherlands Epidemiology Society – VvE). I previously worked in a Brazilian elite track and field team (national and olympic level) as a sports physiotherapist. I also worked in private clinics treating patients with musculoskeletal disorders and sports injuries in São Paulo, Brazil. My specialties are: sports physiotherapy, sports injury prevention, epidemiology, promotion of physical activity, running-related topics and implementation science.

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Original research
Published: 08 July 2021 in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
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Background Running is an important type of exercise to keep people physically active. However, running also carries a risk of developing running-related injuries (RRI). Therefore, effective and evidence-based RRI prevention programmes are desirable, but are scarce in practice. An approach to face this problem might be the application of methods to develop RRI prevention programmes based on theories of behaviour change. Objective The purpose of the study was to develop an RRI prevention programme based on perspectives of behavioural and social science theories, as well as taking a framework development approach. Methods This was a qualitative study using the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework held between February and March 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were involved in running practice. The data collection was conducted during focus group meetings. The data analysis was based on semantic thematic approach using a content analysis orientation based on inductive reasoning. Results The target population of the RRI prevention programme identified was ‘adult recreational runners’. The objectives of the RRI prevention programme were established in two broad actions: (1) to provide feedback on individual training characteristics and RRI risk; and (2) provide/enhance knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours. The programme is aimed to be delivered through an online system. Conclusion An RRI prevention programme was developed using the IM framework and a participatory approach. The programme was named ‘RunIn3’, and it is based on providing feedback on running volume and RRI risk, as well as providing knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours.

ACS Style

Caio Sain Vallio; Gabriela Martins de Oliveira; Giovana Araujo Kretli Mota; Alexandre Dias Lopes; Luiz Hespanhol. RunIn3: the development process of a running-related injury prevention programme. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2021, 7, e001051 .

AMA Style

Caio Sain Vallio, Gabriela Martins de Oliveira, Giovana Araujo Kretli Mota, Alexandre Dias Lopes, Luiz Hespanhol. RunIn3: the development process of a running-related injury prevention programme. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 2021; 7 (3):e001051.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caio Sain Vallio; Gabriela Martins de Oliveira; Giovana Araujo Kretli Mota; Alexandre Dias Lopes; Luiz Hespanhol. 2021. "RunIn3: the development process of a running-related injury prevention programme." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 3: e001051.

Editorial
Published: 30 June 2021 in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
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ACS Style

Evert Verhagen; Fabio Oliveira; Osman Hassan Ahmed; Nash Anderson; Marelise Badenhorst; Sheree Bekker; Daniel Ludovic Belavy; Tracy Blake; Chao Cao; Justin Carrard; Lingxiao Chen; Sonia Wing Mei Cheng; Pascal Edouard; Amy Harwood; Sharief Hendricks; Luiz Hespanhol; Ronan Kearney; David Keohane; Rina Magnani; Dominic Mah; Yorgi Mavros; Nikki McLeary; Aamir Raoof Memon; Trine Moholdt; Ana Morais Azevedo; Joske Nauta; Greig Nicol; Habib Noorbhai; Ikponmwonsa Ogbonmwan; Patrick J Owen; Nirmala Panagodage Perera; Mike Reiman; Renan Resende; Diana Gai Robinson; Daniel Rojas-Valverde; Nicola Sewry; Siobhan Statuta; Femke van Nassau; Liam West; Patrick Crane Wheeler; Tao Xiao; Tej Pandya. Let us introduce ourselves, #WeAreBOSEM. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2021, 7, e001171 .

AMA Style

Evert Verhagen, Fabio Oliveira, Osman Hassan Ahmed, Nash Anderson, Marelise Badenhorst, Sheree Bekker, Daniel Ludovic Belavy, Tracy Blake, Chao Cao, Justin Carrard, Lingxiao Chen, Sonia Wing Mei Cheng, Pascal Edouard, Amy Harwood, Sharief Hendricks, Luiz Hespanhol, Ronan Kearney, David Keohane, Rina Magnani, Dominic Mah, Yorgi Mavros, Nikki McLeary, Aamir Raoof Memon, Trine Moholdt, Ana Morais Azevedo, Joske Nauta, Greig Nicol, Habib Noorbhai, Ikponmwonsa Ogbonmwan, Patrick J Owen, Nirmala Panagodage Perera, Mike Reiman, Renan Resende, Diana Gai Robinson, Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Nicola Sewry, Siobhan Statuta, Femke van Nassau, Liam West, Patrick Crane Wheeler, Tao Xiao, Tej Pandya. Let us introduce ourselves, #WeAreBOSEM. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 2021; 7 (2):e001171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Evert Verhagen; Fabio Oliveira; Osman Hassan Ahmed; Nash Anderson; Marelise Badenhorst; Sheree Bekker; Daniel Ludovic Belavy; Tracy Blake; Chao Cao; Justin Carrard; Lingxiao Chen; Sonia Wing Mei Cheng; Pascal Edouard; Amy Harwood; Sharief Hendricks; Luiz Hespanhol; Ronan Kearney; David Keohane; Rina Magnani; Dominic Mah; Yorgi Mavros; Nikki McLeary; Aamir Raoof Memon; Trine Moholdt; Ana Morais Azevedo; Joske Nauta; Greig Nicol; Habib Noorbhai; Ikponmwonsa Ogbonmwan; Patrick J Owen; Nirmala Panagodage Perera; Mike Reiman; Renan Resende; Diana Gai Robinson; Daniel Rojas-Valverde; Nicola Sewry; Siobhan Statuta; Femke van Nassau; Liam West; Patrick Crane Wheeler; Tao Xiao; Tej Pandya. 2021. "Let us introduce ourselves, #WeAreBOSEM." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 2: e001171.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in Sports Medicine
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ACS Style

Gustavo Nakaoka; Saulo Delfino Barboza; Evert Verhagen; Willem van Mechelen; Luiz Hespanhol. The Association Between the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio and Running-Related Injuries in Dutch Runners: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sports Medicine 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Gustavo Nakaoka, Saulo Delfino Barboza, Evert Verhagen, Willem van Mechelen, Luiz Hespanhol. The Association Between the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio and Running-Related Injuries in Dutch Runners: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gustavo Nakaoka; Saulo Delfino Barboza; Evert Verhagen; Willem van Mechelen; Luiz Hespanhol. 2021. "The Association Between the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio and Running-Related Injuries in Dutch Runners: A Prospective Cohort Study." Sports Medicine , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2021 in Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
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Behavioral and social science theories/models have been gaining attention in sports injury prevention. To investigate the potential of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining running-related injury preventive behavior. Six-month prospective cohort study based on data gathered from a randomized controlled trial. From a total of 1512 invited trail runners, 232 were included in this study. Preventive behaviors and their determinants were assessed at baseline and two and six months after baseline. Five-point Likert scales were used to assess the determinants of preventive behavior. A Bayesian path analysis was conducted applying mixed models and mediation analysis. A 1-point increase in intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control predicted an increase of 54% (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 38, 71) in the rate of performing running-related injury preventive behavior, explaining 49% (R2 0.49; 95% BCI: 0.41, 0.56) of the variance around preventive behavior. Intention and perceived behavioral control predicted running-related injury preventive behavior directly, while 40% (95% BCI: 21, 61) and 44% (95% BCI: 20, 69) of the total effect of attitude was mediated by intention and perceived behavioral control, respectively. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control predicted intention. The Theory of Planned Behavior may have the potential to explain half of the variance around running-related injury preventive behavior and intention. Therefore, such theory may be considered a relevant and useful tool in developing, investigating, and/or implementing programs aimed at preventing running-related injuries.

ACS Style

Luiz Hespanhol; Caio Sain Vallio; Willem van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. Can we explain running-related injury preventive behavior? A path analysis. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Luiz Hespanhol, Caio Sain Vallio, Willem van Mechelen, Evert Verhagen. Can we explain running-related injury preventive behavior? A path analysis. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Hespanhol; Caio Sain Vallio; Willem van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. 2021. "Can we explain running-related injury preventive behavior? A path analysis." Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Governments have restricted public life during the COVID-19 pandemic, inter alia closing sports facilities and gyms. As regular exercise is essential for health, this study examined the effect of pandemic-related confinements on physical activity (PA) levels. A multinational survey was performed in 14 countries. Times spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as well as in vigorous physical activity only (VPA) were assessed using the Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Data were obtained for leisure and occupational PA pre- and during restrictions. Compliance with PA guidelines was calculated based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). In total, n = 13,503 respondents (39 ± 15 years, 59% females) were surveyed. Compared to pre-restrictions, overall self-reported PA declined by 41% (MVPA) and 42.2% (VPA). Reductions were higher for occupational vs. leisure time, young and old vs. middle-aged persons, previously more active vs. less active individuals, but similar between men and women. Compared to pre-pandemic, compliance with WHO guidelines decreased from 80.9% (95% CI: 80.3–81.7) to 62.5% (95% CI: 61.6–63.3). Results suggest PA levels have substantially decreased globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key stakeholders should consider strategies to mitigate loss in PA in order to preserve health during the pandemic.

ACS Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Sánchez Ramírez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; Johannes Jaunig; Mandy Zhang; Mireille van Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Gustavo Yuki; Daniel Lieberman; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Luiz Hespanhol; Karsten Hollander. A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2235 .

AMA Style

Jan Wilke, Lisa Mohr, Adam Tenforde, Pascal Edouard, Chiara Fossati, Marcela González-Gross, Celso Sánchez Ramírez, Fernando Laiño, Benedict Tan, Julian Pillay, Fabio Pigozzi, David Jimenez-Pavon, Bernhard Novak, Johannes Jaunig, Mandy Zhang, Mireille van Poppel, Christoph Heidt, Steffen Willwacher, Gustavo Yuki, Daniel Lieberman, Lutz Vogt, Evert Verhagen, Luiz Hespanhol, Karsten Hollander. A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Sánchez Ramírez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; Johannes Jaunig; Mandy Zhang; Mireille van Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Gustavo Yuki; Daniel Lieberman; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Luiz Hespanhol; Karsten Hollander. 2021. "A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2235.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
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Running is one of the most popular and accessible physical activities in the world. However, running-related injuries are unfortunately very common. Scientific evidence is limited and scarce regarding (cost-)effectiveness and implementation process of interventions for running-related injuries prevention. Thus, the objective of this study will be to investigate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation process of a running-related injury prevention program (RunIn3). This is the protocol of a pragmatic hybrid type 1 randomized controlled trial. There will be 530 runners over 18 years old, without running-related injuries in the last 3 months from São Paulo, Brazil. This program will be delivered online with two broad actions: (1) to provide feedback on individual training characteristics and running-related injury risk; and (2) providing/enhancing knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on running-related injury preventive behaviors. The primary outcome will be the proportion of runners reporting running-related injuries. The secondary outcomes will be preventive behaviors, direct and indirect costs, and implementation outcomes. The main effectiveness analysis on the primary outcome will be performed using linear probability mixed models in order to allow outcome changes over time and to yield the absolute risk reduction between-groups. The main hypothesis of this study is that the RunIn3 program will be effective in reducing the running-related injury risk and in promoting preventive behavior, either by increasing the frequency of healthy behaviors or by reducing the frequency of risk behaviors. Moreover, if the RunIn3 program is effective in reducing the running-related injuries risk, we believe that this effect would go alongside with a reduction of societal costs. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03892239) Registered 5 February 2019 - Prospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03892239.

ACS Style

Pamela Marinelli Barros; Caio Sain Vallio; Gabriela Martins de Oliveira; Gisela C. Miyamoto; Luiz Hespanhol. Cost-effectiveness and implementation process of a running-related injury prevention program (RunIn3): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 2021, 21, 100726 .

AMA Style

Pamela Marinelli Barros, Caio Sain Vallio, Gabriela Martins de Oliveira, Gisela C. Miyamoto, Luiz Hespanhol. Cost-effectiveness and implementation process of a running-related injury prevention program (RunIn3): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2021; 21 ():100726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pamela Marinelli Barros; Caio Sain Vallio; Gabriela Martins de Oliveira; Gisela C. Miyamoto; Luiz Hespanhol. 2021. "Cost-effectiveness and implementation process of a running-related injury prevention program (RunIn3): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial." Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 21, no. : 100726.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
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Objectives To investigate the proportion of individuals who practice running, its temporal trend, and to describe the runners' characteristics. Design Population-based repeated cross-sectional study. Methods The data from the Protective and Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) from Brazil were used. Telephone interviews were conducted with adults from the Brazilian capitals (27 cities) between 2006–2017. The interviewer read the questions and recorded the participants' responses immediately in a questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted using a Bayesian approach. Results The Vigitel database consisted of 625,460 Brazilian participants composed of 295,681 exercisers and within them 15,529 runners. The mean yearly proportion of runners was about 2.45% (95% Bayesian credible interval [CrI] 1.93 to 3.11) and 5.32% (95%CrI 4.29 to 6.54) in the entire study population and within exercisers, respectively. The absolute increase in the proportion of runners per year over the 12-year period was 0.13% and 0.17% in the entire study population and within exercisers, respectively. Runners were more likely to be younger, men, within normal body mass index, highly educated, moderate alcohol drinkers, non-smokers, less exposed to TV, living near physical activity/sports facilities and less exposed to health conditions such as arterial hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Conclusion There was a 95% probability that the yearly proportion of runners lies between 1.93% and 3.11% in the population of the 27 Brazilian capitals, and between 4.29% and 6.54% within exercisers. There has been an increase in the proportion of runners over time. Runners were associated with healthier characteristics compared to non-runners and non-exercisers.

ACS Style

Gabriela M. Oliveira; Alexandre D. Lopes; Luiz Hespanhol. Are there really many runners out there? Is the proportion of runners increasing over time? A population-based 12-year repeated cross-sectional study with 625,460 Brazilians. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2020, 24, 585 -591.

AMA Style

Gabriela M. Oliveira, Alexandre D. Lopes, Luiz Hespanhol. Are there really many runners out there? Is the proportion of runners increasing over time? A population-based 12-year repeated cross-sectional study with 625,460 Brazilians. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2020; 24 (6):585-591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriela M. Oliveira; Alexandre D. Lopes; Luiz Hespanhol. 2020. "Are there really many runners out there? Is the proportion of runners increasing over time? A population-based 12-year repeated cross-sectional study with 625,460 Brazilians." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 24, no. 6: 585-591.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2020 in Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
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There is a lack of studies describing foot strike patterns in children and adolescents. This raises the question on what the natural foot strike pattern with less extrinsic influence should be and whether or not it is valid to make assumptions on adults based on the knowledge from children. To investigate the distribution of foot strike patterns in children and adolescents during running, and the association of participants’ characteristics with the foot strike patterns. This is a cross-sectional study. Videos were acquired with a high-speed camera and running speed was measured with a stopwatch. Bayesian analyses were performed to allow foot strike pattern inferences from the sample to the population distribution and a supervised machine learning procedure was implemented to develop an algorithm based on logistic mixed models aimed at classifying the participants in rearfoot, midfoot, or forefoot strike patterns. We have included 415 children and adolescents. The distribution of foot strike patterns was predominantly rearfoot for shod and barefoot assessments. Running condition (barefoot versus shod), speed, and footwear (with versus without heel elevation) seemed to influence the foot strike pattern. Those running shod were more likely to present rearfoot pattern compared to barefoot. The classification accuracy of the final algorithm ranged from 80% to 88%. The rearfoot pattern was predominant in our sample. Future well-designed prospective studies are needed to understand the influence of foot strike patterns on the incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries in children and adolescents during running, and in adult runners.

ACS Style

Bruno Augusto Giacomini; Tiê Parma Yamato; Alexandre Dias Lopes; Luiz Hespanhol. What is the foot strike pattern distribution in children and adolescents during running? A cross-sectional study. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2020, 25, 336 -343.

AMA Style

Bruno Augusto Giacomini, Tiê Parma Yamato, Alexandre Dias Lopes, Luiz Hespanhol. What is the foot strike pattern distribution in children and adolescents during running? A cross-sectional study. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2020; 25 (3):336-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bruno Augusto Giacomini; Tiê Parma Yamato; Alexandre Dias Lopes; Luiz Hespanhol. 2020. "What is the foot strike pattern distribution in children and adolescents during running? A cross-sectional study." Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 25, no. 3: 336-343.

Editorial
Published: 09 September 2020 in British Journal of Sports Medicine
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ACS Style

J P Caneiro; Rafael Krasic Alaiti; Leandro Fukusawa; Luiz Hespanhol; Peter Brukner; Peter Pb O'Sullivan. There is more to pain than tissue damage: eight principles to guide care of acute non-traumatic pain in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020, 55, 75 -77.

AMA Style

J P Caneiro, Rafael Krasic Alaiti, Leandro Fukusawa, Luiz Hespanhol, Peter Brukner, Peter Pb O'Sullivan. There is more to pain than tissue damage: eight principles to guide care of acute non-traumatic pain in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; 55 (2):75-77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J P Caneiro; Rafael Krasic Alaiti; Leandro Fukusawa; Luiz Hespanhol; Peter Brukner; Peter Pb O'Sullivan. 2020. "There is more to pain than tissue damage: eight principles to guide care of acute non-traumatic pain in sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 55, no. 2: 75-77.

Brief report
Published: 07 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Confinement measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused substantial reductions in global physical activity (PA) levels. In view of the manifold health benefits of PA, the development of interventions counteracting this trend is paramount. Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. More than two-thirds of the sample (68.4%, n = 10,433) indicated being interested in home exercise, and most participants were willing to work out at least three times per week (89.3%, n = 9328). Binary logistic regression revealed that female sex, working part-time, younger age, and being registered in a gym were associated with willingness to exercise. Flexibility (71.1%, n = 7377), resistance (68.6%, n = 7116), and endurance training (62.4%, n = 6478) were the most preferred types of exercise. Our results may guide health providers in developing individually tailored PA interventions during the current and future pandemics.

ACS Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Ramirez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; David Url; Mandy Zhang; Mireille Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Karsten Hollander; Luiz Hespanhol; Gustavo Yuki. Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6515 .

AMA Style

Jan Wilke, Lisa Mohr, Adam Tenforde, Pascal Edouard, Chiara Fossati, Marcela González-Gross, Celso Ramirez, Fernando Laiño, Benedict Tan, Julian Pillay, Fabio Pigozzi, David Jimenez-Pavon, Bernhard Novak, David Url, Mandy Zhang, Mireille Poppel, Christoph Heidt, Steffen Willwacher, Lutz Vogt, Evert Verhagen, Karsten Hollander, Luiz Hespanhol, Gustavo Yuki. Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Ramirez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; David Url; Mandy Zhang; Mireille Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Karsten Hollander; Luiz Hespanhol; Gustavo Yuki. 2020. "Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6515.

Review article
Published: 31 December 2018 in Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
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Reporting confidence intervals in scientific articles is important and relevant for evidence-based practice. Clinicians should understand confidence intervals in order to determine if they can realistically expect results similar to those presented in research studies when they implement the scientific evidence in clinical practice. The aims of this masterclass are: (1) to discuss confidence intervals around effect estimates; (2) to understand confidence intervals estimation (frequentist and Bayesian approaches); and (3) to interpret such uncertainty measures. Confidence intervals are measures of uncertainty around effect estimates. Interpretation of the frequentist 95% confidence interval: we can be 95% confident that the true (unknown) estimate would lie within the lower and upper limits of the interval, based on hypothesized repeats of the experiment. Many researchers and health professionals oversimplify the interpretation of the frequentist 95% confidence interval by dichotomizing it in statistically significant or non-statistically significant, hampering a proper discussion on the values, the width (precision) and the practical implications of such interval. Interpretation of the Bayesian 95% confidence interval (which is known as credible interval): there is a 95% probability that the true (unknown) estimate would lie within the interval, given the evidence provided by the observed data. The use and reporting of confidence intervals should be encouraged in all scientific articles. Clinicians should consider using the interpretation, relevance and applicability of confidence intervals in real-world decision-making. Training and education may enhance knowledge and skills related to estimating, understanding and interpreting uncertainty measures, reducing the barriers for their use under either frequentist or Bayesian approaches.

ACS Style

Luiz Hespanhol; Caio Sain Vallio; Lucíola Da Cunha Menezes Costa; Bruno Saragiotto. Understanding and interpreting confidence and credible intervals around effect estimates. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2018, 23, 290 -301.

AMA Style

Luiz Hespanhol, Caio Sain Vallio, Lucíola Da Cunha Menezes Costa, Bruno Saragiotto. Understanding and interpreting confidence and credible intervals around effect estimates. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2018; 23 (4):290-301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Hespanhol; Caio Sain Vallio; Lucíola Da Cunha Menezes Costa; Bruno Saragiotto. 2018. "Understanding and interpreting confidence and credible intervals around effect estimates." Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 23, no. 4: 290-301.

Article
Published: 18 July 2018 in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To summarise the benefits and harms of the strengthening exercises for the treatment of people with patellar tendinopathy.

ACS Style

Alexandre Lopes; Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Steven J Kamper; Leonardo Op Costa. Exercise for patellar tendinopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Alexandre Lopes, Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, Steven J Kamper, Leonardo Op Costa. Exercise for patellar tendinopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandre Lopes; Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Steven J Kamper; Leonardo Op Costa. 2018. "Exercise for patellar tendinopathy." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , no. : 1.

Pragmatic clinical trial
Published: 30 August 2017 in British Journal of Sports Medicine
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BackgroundTrail running is popular worldwide, but there is no preventive intervention for running-related injury (RRI).AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of adding online tailored advice (TrailS6) to general advice on (1) the prevention of RRIs and (2) the determinants and actual preventive behaviour in Dutch trail runners.MethodsTwo-arm randomised controlled trial over 6 months. 232 trail runners were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. All participants received online general advice on RRI prevention 1 week after baseline. Every 2 weeks, participants in the intervention group received specific advice tailored to their RRI status. The control group received no further intervention. Bayesian mixed models were used to analyse the data.ResultsTrail runners in the intervention group sustained 13% fewer RRIs compared with those in the control group after 6 months of follow-up (absolute risk difference −13.1%, 95% Bayesian highest posterior credible interval (95% BCI) −23.3 to −3.1). A preventive benefit was observed in one out of eight trail runners who had received the online tailored advice for 6 months (number needed to treat 8, 95% BCI 3 to 22). No significant between-group difference was observed on the determinants and actual preventive behaviours.ConclusionsOnline tailored advice prevented RRIs among Dutch trail runners. Therefore, online tailored advice may be used as a preventive component in multicomponent RRI prevention programmes. No effect was observed on determinants and actual preventive behaviours.Trial registration numberThe Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR5431).

ACS Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Jr; Willem Van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. Effectiveness of online tailored advice to prevent running-related injuries and promote preventive behaviour in Dutch trail runners: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2017, 52, 851 -858.

AMA Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Jr, Willem Van Mechelen, Evert Verhagen. Effectiveness of online tailored advice to prevent running-related injuries and promote preventive behaviour in Dutch trail runners: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017; 52 (13):851-858.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Jr; Willem Van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. 2017. "Effectiveness of online tailored advice to prevent running-related injuries and promote preventive behaviour in Dutch trail runners: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 13: 851-858.

Book
Published: 01 April 2017 in Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact sports
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This chapter discusses the aetiology and prevention of paediatric sports injuries in non-contact sports, and the chapter covers bicycling, dance, gymnastics, running, skiing, snowboarding, swimming, tennis, badminton, and volleyball, which were selected based on their worldwide popularity. Each sport is covered in a systematic manner including a brief introduction of the sport practise, the epidemiology and aetiology of sport-specific injuries, risk factors, and preventive strategies. Because of similarities, skiing and snowboarding are grouped and discussed together, as are tennis and badminton. The knowledge summarized should be implemented in real-life situations in order to encourage children and adolescents to participate in sports where they will experience the well-known health benefits of sports participation, but with the lowest risk possible.

ACS Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Saulo Delfino Barboza; Per Bo Mahler. Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact sports. Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact sports 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, Saulo Delfino Barboza, Per Bo Mahler. Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact sports. Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact sports. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Saulo Delfino Barboza; Per Bo Mahler. 2017. "Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact sports." Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact sports , no. : 1.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 22 December 2016 in Physiotherapy
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Background Kinesio taping is a commonly used intervention for patients with chronic low back pain. However, the medium term effects of kinesio taping in these patients are unknown. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of kinesio taping in patients with chronic low back pain after 6 months from randomization. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial with a 6 months follow up. One hundred and forty eight participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (kinesio taping with skin convolutions) or control (kinesio taping without convolutions—Sham Taping) group. Participants from both groups had the tape reapplied twice a week for four weeks. The outcomes were pain, disability and global impression of recovery after 6 months. Results One participant was lost to follow up in the experimental group (n=73, response rate 99%) and two in the control group (n=72, response rate 97%). After 6 months there were no statistically significant between-group differences in pain intensity (between-group difference −0.8 points, 95% CI −1.7 to 0.2), global impression of recovery (0.4, −0.7 to 1.5), or disability (−1.1, −3.0 to 0.7). Conclusion Four weeks of kinesio taping treatment was no better than sham taping for patients with chronic low back pain, at 6 months follow-up. Trial Registration Number (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/): RBR-7ggfkv (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials).

ACS Style

Amanda Costa Araujo; Patrícia Do Carmo Silva Parreira; Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Tatiane Mota da Silva; Maurício Antônio Da Luz Junior; Lucíola Da Cunha Menezes Costa; Leonardo Costa. Medium term effects of kinesio taping in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2016, 104, 149 -151.

AMA Style

Amanda Costa Araujo, Patrícia Do Carmo Silva Parreira, Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, Tatiane Mota da Silva, Maurício Antônio Da Luz Junior, Lucíola Da Cunha Menezes Costa, Leonardo Costa. Medium term effects of kinesio taping in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy. 2016; 104 (1):149-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda Costa Araujo; Patrícia Do Carmo Silva Parreira; Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Tatiane Mota da Silva; Maurício Antônio Da Luz Junior; Lucíola Da Cunha Menezes Costa; Leonardo Costa. 2016. "Medium term effects of kinesio taping in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial." Physiotherapy 104, no. 1: 149-151.

Original research article
Published: 25 May 2016 in Sports Medicine
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Trailrunning is becoming very popular. However, the risk and burden of running-related injuries (RRI) in trailrunning is not well established. To investigate the prevalence, injury rate, severity, nature, and economic burden of RRIs in Dutch trailrunners. This prospective cohort study included 228 trailrunners aged 18 years or over (range 23–67), and was conducted between October 2013 and December 2014. After completing the baseline questionnaire, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems was administered every 2 weeks to collect data on RRIs. Participants who reported RRIs were asked about healthcare utilization (direct costs) and absenteeism from paid work (indirect costs). RRI was defined as disorders of the musculoskeletal system or concussions experienced or sustained during participation in running. The mean prevalence of RRIs measured over time was 22.4 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 20.9–24.0], and the injury rate was 10.7 RRIs per 1000 h of running (95 % CI 9.4–12.1). The prevalence was higher for overuse (17.7 %; 95 % CI 15.9–19.5) than for acute (4.1 %; 95 % CI 3.3–5.0) RRIs. Also, the injury rate was higher for overuse (8.1; 95 % CI 6.9–9.3) than for acute (2.7; 95 % CI 2.0–3.4) RRIs. The median of the severity score was 35.0 [25–75 %, interquartile range (IQR) 22.0–55.7], and the median of the duration of RRIs was 2.0 weeks (IQR 2.0–6.0) during the study. The total economic burden of RRIs was estimated at €172.22 (95 % CI 117.10–271.74) per RRI, and €1849.49 (95 % CI 1180.62–3058.91) per 1000 h of running. An RRI was estimated to have a direct cost of €60.92 (95 % CI 45.11–94.90) and an indirect cost of €111.30 (95 % CI 61.02–192.75). The health and economic burden of RRIs presented in this study are significant for trailrunners and for society. Therefore, efforts should be made in order to prevent RRIs in trailrunners.

ACS Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Willem Van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. Health and Economic Burden of Running-Related Injuries in Dutch Trailrunners: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sports Medicine 2016, 47, 367 -377.

AMA Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, Willem Van Mechelen, Evert Verhagen. Health and Economic Burden of Running-Related Injuries in Dutch Trailrunners: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sports Medicine. 2016; 47 (2):367-377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Willem Van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. 2016. "Health and Economic Burden of Running-Related Injuries in Dutch Trailrunners: A Prospective Cohort Study." Sports Medicine 47, no. 2: 367-377.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2016 in European Journal of Sport Science
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There is conflicting evidence on the association between lower limb alignment characteristics and the incidence of running-related injury (RRI). Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between lower limb alignment characteristics and the incidence proportion of RRI in a convenience sample of recreational runners. A total of 89 recreational runners were included in this prospective cohort study. These participants had been running for at least six months and were injury-free at baseline. Lower limb alignment measurements were conducted in order to calculate lower limb discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar index. All participants also answered a baseline and biweekly online surveys about their running routine, history of RRI and newly developed RRI over a period of 12 weeks. The prevalence of previous RRI and the 12-week incidence proportion of new RRI were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between lower limb length discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar ach index with the incidence proportion of RRI. The prevalence of previous RRI was 55.1% (n = 49). The 12-week incidence proportion of new RRI was 27.0% (n = 24). Muscle injuries and tendinopathies were the main types of RRI identified. The lower leg and the knee were the main anatomical regions affected. We did not find significant associations between lower limb length discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar arch index and injury occurrence.

ACS Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Aline Carla Araújo De Carvalho; Leonardo Costa; Alexandre Lopes. Lower limb alignment characteristics are not associated with running injuries in runners: Prospective cohort study. European Journal of Sport Science 2016, 16, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, Aline Carla Araújo De Carvalho, Leonardo Costa, Alexandre Lopes. Lower limb alignment characteristics are not associated with running injuries in runners: Prospective cohort study. European Journal of Sport Science. 2016; 16 (8):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Aline Carla Araújo De Carvalho; Leonardo Costa; Alexandre Lopes. 2016. "Lower limb alignment characteristics are not associated with running injuries in runners: Prospective cohort study." European Journal of Sport Science 16, no. 8: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2015 in Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
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To investigate the economic burden of running-related injuries (RRI) occurred during the 6-week 'Start-to-Run' program of the Dutch Athletics Federation in 2013. Prospective cohort study. This was a monetary cost analysis using the data prospectively gathered alongside the RRI registration in the NLstart2run study. RRI data were collected weekly. Cost diaries were applied two and six weeks after the RRI registration to collect data regarding healthcare utilisation (direct costs) and absenteeism from paid and unpaid work (indirect costs). RRI was defined as running-related pain that hampered running ability for three consecutive training sessions. From the 1696 participants included in the analysis, 185 reported a total of 272 RRIs. A total of 26.1% of the cost data (71 RRIs reported by 50 participants) were missing. Therefore, a multiple imputation procedure was performed. The economic burden (direct plus indirect costs) of RRIs was estimated at €83.22 (95% CI €50.42-€116.02) per RRI, and €13.35 (95% CI €7.07-€19.63) per participant. The direct cost per RRI was €56.93 (95% CI €42.05-€71.81) and the indirect cost per RRI was €26.29 (95% CI €0.00-€54.79). The indirect cost was higher for sudden onset RRIs than for gradual onset RRIs, with a mean difference of €33.92 (95% CI €17.96-€49.87). Direct costs of RRIs were 2-fold higher than the indirect costs, and sudden onset RRIs presented higher costs than gradual onset RRIs. The results of this study are important to provide information to public health agencies and policymakers about the economic burden of RRIs in novice runners.

ACS Style

Luiz C. Hespanhol Junior; Bionka M.A. Huisstede; Dirk-Wouter Smits; Bas Kluitenberg; Henk Van Der Worp; Marienke Van Middelkoop; Fred Hartgens; Evert Verhagen. The NLstart2run study: Economic burden of running-related injuries in novice runners participating in a novice running program. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2015, 19, 800 -804.

AMA Style

Luiz C. Hespanhol Junior, Bionka M.A. Huisstede, Dirk-Wouter Smits, Bas Kluitenberg, Henk Van Der Worp, Marienke Van Middelkoop, Fred Hartgens, Evert Verhagen. The NLstart2run study: Economic burden of running-related injuries in novice runners participating in a novice running program. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2015; 19 (10):800-804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz C. Hespanhol Junior; Bionka M.A. Huisstede; Dirk-Wouter Smits; Bas Kluitenberg; Henk Van Der Worp; Marienke Van Middelkoop; Fred Hartgens; Evert Verhagen. 2015. "The NLstart2run study: Economic burden of running-related injuries in novice runners participating in a novice running program." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 19, no. 10: 800-804.

Articles
Published: 01 October 2015 in Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
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Sports participation is a major ally for the promotion of physical activity. However, sports injuries are important adverse effects of sports participation and should be monitored in sports populations. The purpose of this paper is to review the basic concepts of injury monitoring and discuss the implementation of these concepts in practice. The aspects discussed are: (1) sports injury definition; (2) classification of sports injuries; (3) population at risk, prevalence, and incidence; (4) severity measures; (5) economic costs; (6) systems developed to monitor sports injuries; and (7) online technology. Only with reliable monitoring systems applied in a continuous and long-term manner will it be possible to identify the burden of injuries, to identify the possible cases at an early stage, to implement early interventions, and to generate data for sports injury prevention. The implementation of sports injuries monitoring systems in practice is strongly recommended.

ACS Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Saulo Delfino Barboza; Willem Van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. Measuring sports injuries on the pitch: a guide to use in practice. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2015, 19, 369 -380.

AMA Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, Saulo Delfino Barboza, Willem Van Mechelen, Evert Verhagen. Measuring sports injuries on the pitch: a guide to use in practice. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2015; 19 (5):369-380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; Saulo Delfino Barboza; Willem Van Mechelen; Evert Verhagen. 2015. "Measuring sports injuries on the pitch: a guide to use in practice." Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 19, no. 5: 369-380.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2015 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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Prospective running‐related injury (RRI) data from runners training for an event are scarce, especially with regard to RRI‐associated costs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and economic burden of RRIs in runners participating in an organized training program preparing them for an event. This was a prospective cohort study with 18 weeks of follow‐up. Individuals aged 18 or older and registered to participate in an organized running program were eligible. Follow‐up surveys were sent every 2 weeks to collect data about running exposure, RRIs, and costs. Of the 161 potential participants, 53 (32.9%) were included in this study. A total of 32 participants reported 41 RRIs. The mean prevalence during follow‐up was 30.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.6–36.0%]. Overuse was the main mechanism of RRI (85.4%, n = 35). An RRI was estimated to have an economic burden of €57.97 (95% CI €26.17–94.00) due to healthcare utilization (direct costs) and €115.75 (95% CI €10.37–253.73) due to absenteeism from paid work (indirect costs). These results indicate that the health and economic burden of RRIs may be considered significant for public health. Therefore, prevention programs are needed for runners participating in organized training programs.

ACS Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; W. Van Mechelen; E. Postuma; E. Verhagen. Health and economic burden of running-related injuries in runners training for an event: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2015, 26, 1091 -1099.

AMA Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior, W. Van Mechelen, E. Postuma, E. Verhagen. Health and economic burden of running-related injuries in runners training for an event: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2015; 26 (9):1091-1099.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior; W. Van Mechelen; E. Postuma; E. Verhagen. 2015. "Health and economic burden of running-related injuries in runners training for an event: A prospective cohort study." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 26, no. 9: 1091-1099.