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Pascal Edouard is a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician, a sports medicine physician, and a University Professor and Hospital Practitioner in physiology and sports medicine at the Saint-Etienne University Hospital and Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne. He is currently in charge of the Sports Medicine Unit within the Department of Clinical Physiology and Exercise at Saint-Etienne University Hospital since 2013. Within the LIBM, he is the head of the SPIP team: Sports Performance and Injury Prevention. The main research theme of Pascal is the prevention of sports injuries according to 2 axes and models: ♦ the prevention of injuries in athletics, with an epidemiological and interventional methodological approach in relation to the sports world and in collaboration with national and international athletics federations. ♦ the prevention of hamstring muscular injuries linked to sprinting, with a multidisciplinary approach (anatomy, epidemiology, imaging, biomechanics, modelling, data science) in collaboration with the academic, medical and sports world.
International outdoor athletics championships are typically hosted during the summer season, frequently in hot and humid climatic conditions. Therefore, we analysed the association between apparent temperature and heat-related illnesses occurrence during international outdoor athletics championships and compared its incidence rates between athletics disciplines. Heat-related illnesses were selected from illness data prospectively collected at seven international outdoor athletics championships between 2009 and 2018 using a standardised methodology. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was calculated as a measure of the apparent temperature based on weather data for each day of the championships. Heat-related illness numbers and (daily) incidence rates were calculated and analysed in relation to the daily maximum UTCI temperature and between disciplines. During 50 championships days with UTCI temperatures between 15°C and 37°C, 132 heat-related illnesses were recorded. Average incidence rate of heat-related illnesses was 11.7 (95%CI 9.7 to 13.7) per 1000 registered athletes. The expected daily incidence rate of heat-related illnesses increased significantly with UTCI temperature (0.12 more illnesses per 1000 registered athletes/°C; 95%CI 0.08-0.16), and was found to double from 25 to 35˚C UTCI. Race walkers (RR=45.5, 95%CI 21.6-96.0) and marathon runners (RR=47.7, 95%CI 23.0-98.8) had higher heat-related illness rates than athletes competing in short-duration disciplines. Higher UTCI temperatures were associated with more heat-related illnesses, with marathon and race walking athletes having higher risk than athletes competing in short-duration disciplines. Heat-related illness prevention strategies should predominantly focus on marathon and race walking events of outdoor athletics championships when high temperatures are forecast.
Karsten Hollander; Milan Klöwer; Andy Richardson; Laurent Navarro; Sébastien Racinais; Volker Scheer; Andrew Murray; Pedro Branco; Toomas Timpka; Astrid Junge; Pascal Edouard. Apparent temperature and heat‐related illnesses during international athletic championships: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleKarsten Hollander, Milan Klöwer, Andy Richardson, Laurent Navarro, Sébastien Racinais, Volker Scheer, Andrew Murray, Pedro Branco, Toomas Timpka, Astrid Junge, Pascal Edouard. Apparent temperature and heat‐related illnesses during international athletic championships: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarsten Hollander; Milan Klöwer; Andy Richardson; Laurent Navarro; Sébastien Racinais; Volker Scheer; Andrew Murray; Pedro Branco; Toomas Timpka; Astrid Junge; Pascal Edouard. 2021. "Apparent temperature and heat‐related illnesses during international athletic championships: A prospective cohort study." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports , no. : 1.
Clear decreases in horizontal force production capacity during sprint acceleration have been reported after hamstring injuries (HI) in football players. We hypothesized that lower FH0 is associated with a higher HI occurrence in football players. We aimed to analyze the association between sprint running horizontal force production capacities at low (FH0) and high (V0) velocities, and HI occurrence in football. This prospective cohort study included 284 football players over one season. All players performed 30 m field sprints at the beginning and different times during the season. Sprint velocity data were used to compute sprint mechanical properties. Players’ injury data were prospectively collected during the entire season. Cox regression analyses were performed using new HI as the outcome, and horizontal force production capacity (FH0 and V0) was used at the start of the season (model 1) and at each measurement time point within the season (model 2) as explanatory variables, adjusted for individual players’ (model 2) age, geographical group of players, height, body mass, and previous HI, with cumulative hours of football practice as the time scale. A total of 47 new HI (20% of all injuries) were observed in 38 out of 284 players (13%). There were no associations between FH0 and/or V0 values at the start of the season and new HI occurrence during the season (model 1). During the season, a total of 801 measurements were performed, from one to six per player. Lower measured FH0 values were significantly associated with a higher risk of sustaining HI within the weeks following sprint measurement (HR = 2.67 (95% CI: 1.51 to 4.73), p< 0.001) (model 2). In conclusion, low horizontal force production capacities at low velocity during early sprint acceleration (FH0) may be considered as a potential additional factor associated with HI risk in a comprehensive, multifactorial, and individualized approach.
Pascal Edouard; Johan Lahti; Ryu Nagahara; Pierre Samozino; Laurent Navarro; Kenny Guex; Jérémy Rossi; Matt Brughelli; Jurdan Mendiguchia; Jean-Benoît Morin. Low Horizontal Force Production Capacity during Sprinting as a Potential Risk Factor of Hamstring Injury in Football. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7827 .
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Johan Lahti, Ryu Nagahara, Pierre Samozino, Laurent Navarro, Kenny Guex, Jérémy Rossi, Matt Brughelli, Jurdan Mendiguchia, Jean-Benoît Morin. Low Horizontal Force Production Capacity during Sprinting as a Potential Risk Factor of Hamstring Injury in Football. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7827.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Johan Lahti; Ryu Nagahara; Pierre Samozino; Laurent Navarro; Kenny Guex; Jérémy Rossi; Matt Brughelli; Jurdan Mendiguchia; Jean-Benoît Morin. 2021. "Low Horizontal Force Production Capacity during Sprinting as a Potential Risk Factor of Hamstring Injury in Football." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7827.
Les lésions musculaires des ischio-jambiers sont fréquentes dans les sports impliquant de la course à grande vitesse et peuvent avoir diverses conséquences. Des programmes de prévention ont été élaborés pour réduire le risque de survenue de ces blessures, mais dans la pratique, et en dehors du contexte expérimental, leur efficacité semble encore insuffisante et l’incidence de ces blessures reste importante. Il est à présent admis que ces blessures sont d’origine multifactorielle, bien que de nombreuses études se soient intéressées aux facteurs biomécaniques et physiologiques, les facteurs psychologiques et environnementaux ont été peu traités jusqu’à présent dans le cadre de cette blessure spécifique. Recueillir les sensations, les émotions, les pensées et les intentions de sportifs ayant subi une lésion musculaire des ischio-jambiers durant la séance et, plus particulièrement, les minutes précédant la survenue de la blessure. Nous avons donc réalisé une étude qualitative par entretiens individuels semi-dirigés, réalisés auprès de sportifs de la région stéphanoise. Les participants ont été recrutés d’avril à septembre 2020. Les informations ont été recueillies jusqu’à suffisance des données retranscrites intégralement, et une analyse thématique a été réalisée à partir des entretiens. Huit sportifs ont participé à cette étude. Deux principales notions ressortaient des entretiens : (1) celle de « dépassement des limites » : le sportif s’est blessé en cherchant à atteindre le maximum de ce qu’il pouvait faire, et (2) celle d’un certain « déni de la douleur » avec un évitement des perceptions des signaux douloureux qui précèdent le développement de la blessure. L’identification de deux schémas cognitifs (intention de se dépasser et évitement des perceptions douloureuses) précédant la survenue d’une lésion des ischio-jambiers permet de mieux appréhender certains facteurs psychologiques de la survenue des blessures. Les résultats de cette étude offrent de nouvelles perspectives de prévention des blessures des ischio-jambiers. Hamstring muscle injuries are common in sports involving high-speed running and can have a variety of consequences. Prevention programs have been developed to reduce the risk of occurrence of these injuries, but in practice and outside experimental contexts, their effectiveness still seems insufficient and their incidence remains high. It is now accepted that these injuries are multifactorial. Although many studies have focused on biomechanical and physiological factors, psychological and environmental factors have been little addressed so far. It would therefore seem important to learn more about these factors and the context of the injury to understand the origin. To collect the sensations, emotions, thoughts and intentions of athletes who have suffered a hamstring muscle injury, during the session and more particularly the minutes preceding the onset of the injury. We therefore carried out a qualitative study by semi-structured individual interviews carried out with athletes from the Saint-Étienne region (France). Participants were recruited from April to September 2020. Information was collected to sufficient data, transcribed in full, and a thematic analysis was carried out from the interviews. Eight athletes took part in this study. Two main concepts emerged from the interviews: (1) that of “exceeding the limits”: the athlete was injured while trying to achieve the maximum of what he could do, and (2) that of a certain “denial of pain” with a failure to take into account the pain signals which may have preceded the development of the injury. The identification of two cognitive patterns (intention to surpass oneself and avoidance of painful perceptions) preceding the occurrence of a hamstring injury allows us to better understand certain psychological factors present at the time of the occurrence of hamstring injuries. The results of this study offer new perspectives in hamstring injury risk reduction.
L. Teillol; A. Ruffault; C. Hanon; P. Edouard. Les intentions du sportif durant son effort au moment de la survenue d’une lésion musculaire des ischiojambiers : étude qualitative. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleL. Teillol, A. Ruffault, C. Hanon, P. Edouard. Les intentions du sportif durant son effort au moment de la survenue d’une lésion musculaire des ischiojambiers : étude qualitative. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Teillol; A. Ruffault; C. Hanon; P. Edouard. 2021. "Les intentions du sportif durant son effort au moment de la survenue d’une lésion musculaire des ischiojambiers : étude qualitative." Journal de Traumatologie du Sport , no. : 1.
Governments have restricted public life during the COVID-19 pandemic, inter alia closing sports facilities and gyms. As regular exercise is essential for health, this study examined the effect of pandemic-related confinements on physical activity (PA) levels. A multinational survey was performed in 14 countries. Times spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as well as in vigorous physical activity only (VPA) were assessed using the Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Data were obtained for leisure and occupational PA pre- and during restrictions. Compliance with PA guidelines was calculated based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). In total, n = 13,503 respondents (39 ± 15 years, 59% females) were surveyed. Compared to pre-restrictions, overall self-reported PA declined by 41% (MVPA) and 42.2% (VPA). Reductions were higher for occupational vs. leisure time, young and old vs. middle-aged persons, previously more active vs. less active individuals, but similar between men and women. Compared to pre-pandemic, compliance with WHO guidelines decreased from 80.9% (95% CI: 80.3–81.7) to 62.5% (95% CI: 61.6–63.3). Results suggest PA levels have substantially decreased globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key stakeholders should consider strategies to mitigate loss in PA in order to preserve health during the pandemic.
Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Sánchez Ramírez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; Johannes Jaunig; Mandy Zhang; Mireille van Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Gustavo Yuki; Daniel Lieberman; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Luiz Hespanhol; Karsten Hollander. A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2235 .
AMA StyleJan Wilke, Lisa Mohr, Adam Tenforde, Pascal Edouard, Chiara Fossati, Marcela González-Gross, Celso Sánchez Ramírez, Fernando Laiño, Benedict Tan, Julian Pillay, Fabio Pigozzi, David Jimenez-Pavon, Bernhard Novak, Johannes Jaunig, Mandy Zhang, Mireille van Poppel, Christoph Heidt, Steffen Willwacher, Gustavo Yuki, Daniel Lieberman, Lutz Vogt, Evert Verhagen, Luiz Hespanhol, Karsten Hollander. A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Sánchez Ramírez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; Johannes Jaunig; Mandy Zhang; Mireille van Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Gustavo Yuki; Daniel Lieberman; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Luiz Hespanhol; Karsten Hollander. 2021. "A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2235.
Objective To analyse the rates of lower limb muscle injuries in athletics disciplines requiring different running velocities during international athletics championships. Design Prospective total population study. Methods During 13 international athletics championships (2009–2019) national medical teams and local organizing committee physicians daily reported all newly incurred injuries using the same study design, injury definition and data collection procedures. In-competition lower limb muscle injuries of athletes participating in disciplines involving running (i.e. sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events, middle distances, long distances, and marathon) were analysed. Results Among the 12,233 registered athletes, 344 in-competition lower limb muscle injuries were reported (36% of all in-competition injuries). The proportion, incidence rates and injury burden of lower limb muscles injuries differed between disciplines for female and male athletes. The most frequently injured muscle group was hamstring in sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and male middle distances runners (43–75%), and posterior lower leg in female middle distances, male long distances, and female marathon runners (44–60%). Hamstring muscles injuries led to the highest burden in all disciplines, except for female middle distance and marathon and male long distance runners. Hamstring muscles injury burden was generally higher in disciplines requiring higher running velocities, and posterior lower leg muscle injuries higher in disciplines requiring lower running velocities. Conclusions The present study shows discipline-specific injury location in competition context. Our findings suggest that the running velocity could be one of the factors that play a role in the occurrence/location of muscle injuries.
Pascal Edouard; Karsten Hollander; Laurent Navarro; Lilian Lacourpaille; Antonio J. Morales-Artacho; Christine Hanon; Jean-Benoît Morin; Sébastien Le Garrec; Pedro Branco; Astrid Junge; Gaël Guilhem. Lower limb muscle injury location shift from posterior lower leg to hamstring muscles with increasing discipline-related running velocity in international athletics championships. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2021, 24, 653 -659.
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Karsten Hollander, Laurent Navarro, Lilian Lacourpaille, Antonio J. Morales-Artacho, Christine Hanon, Jean-Benoît Morin, Sébastien Le Garrec, Pedro Branco, Astrid Junge, Gaël Guilhem. Lower limb muscle injury location shift from posterior lower leg to hamstring muscles with increasing discipline-related running velocity in international athletics championships. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2021; 24 (7):653-659.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Karsten Hollander; Laurent Navarro; Lilian Lacourpaille; Antonio J. Morales-Artacho; Christine Hanon; Jean-Benoît Morin; Sébastien Le Garrec; Pedro Branco; Astrid Junge; Gaël Guilhem. 2021. "Lower limb muscle injury location shift from posterior lower leg to hamstring muscles with increasing discipline-related running velocity in international athletics championships." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 24, no. 7: 653-659.
L’objectif principal de notre étude a été de comparer les caractéristiques des finishers par rapport aux abandonneurs dans une population de coureurs d’Ultra-Trail proche des barrières horaires. Il s’agissait d’une étude observationnelle, descriptive et comparative portant sur deux courses d’Ultra-Trail françaises mondialement connues se déroulant en août 2019 : l’UTMB® (Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc : 170 km et 10 000 m de dénivelé positif) et la TDS® (Sur les Traces des Ducs de Savoie : 145 km et 9100 m de dénivelé positif). Les critères d’inclusion étaient les coureurs arrivant moins d’une heure avant une barrière horaire donnée, au 97e km (Arnouvaz) pour l’UTMB® et au 74e km (La Gittaz) pour la TDS®. Pour le recueil des données, deux questionnaires (un par épreuve) ont été envoyés par mail à la population étudiée, en version française et anglaise, portant sur les données suivantes : âge, sexe, données anthropométriques (poids, taille), nationalité, données socioéconomiques (statut familial, profession), données relatives à la pratique passée du trail ainsi que les données relatives au sommeil, à la nutrition et à l’hydratation, les troubles des fonctions supérieures, les troubles médicaux et la description des caractéristiques relatives à l’abandon. Une comparaison entre les finishers et les abandonneurs a été réalisée pour tous les paramètres. Les comparaisons des différentes variables recueillies entre les finishers et les abandonneurs ont montré que ces deux catégories de coureurs différaient uniquement pour : i) le dénivelé positif effectué à l’entraînement pour les coureurs de l’UTMB® avec une proportion plus importante d’abandonneurs qui faisait plus de 1500 m de dénivelé positif par semaine (Chi2 = 9,98 ; p = 0,0016) ; et ii) le nombre de consultations durant la course pour la TDS® qui était plus élevé pour les abandonneurs (Chi2 = 3,89 ; p = 0,049). Cette étude rétrospective par questionnaire n’a pas permis de déterminer des paramètres qui permettraient de discriminer les abandonneurs des finishers. Toutefois, elle a permis de décrire le profil « type » des coureurs d’Ultra-Trail les plus lents. The main objective of our study was to compare the characteristics of finishers versus non-finishers in a population of ultra-trail runners close to time barriers. This was an observational, descriptive and comparative study. Our study applied to two world-famous French Ultra-Trail races taking place in August 2019: the UTMB® (Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc: 170 km and 10,000 m D+) and the TDS® (Sur les Traces des Ducs de Savoie: 145 km and 91,000 m D+). The inclusion criteria were runners arriving less than an hour before a time barrier at the 94th km (Arnouvaz) for the UTMB® and at the 74th km (La Gittaz) for the TDS®. To collect the data, two questionnaires (one per race) were sent by email to the population studied, in French and English version, collecting data on: age, sex, anthropometric data (weight, height), nationality, socio-economic (family status, profession), the past practice of trail running, sleep, nutrition and hydration, disorders of higher functions, medical disorders, and the description of the characteristics of the dropouts. A comparison between finishers and non-finishers was made for all parameters. The comparisons of the different variables collected between the finishers and the non-finishers showed that these two categories of runners differed only for: i) the positive elevation gain performed during training for the UTMB® runners with a greater proportion of non-finishers who did more than 1500 m of positive elevation per week (Chi2 = 9.98; P = 0.0016); and ii) the number of consultations during the race for the TDS which was higher for the non-finishers (Chi2 = 3.89; P = 0.049). This retrospective questionnaire study did not allow to determine the parameters that would make it possible to discriminate non-finishers from finishers, but it presents the “typical” profile of the slower Ultra-Trail runners.
L. Moncelon; G.Y. Millet; L. Poletti; L. Féasson; P. Edouard. Facteurs prédictifs d’abandon chez les coureurs à la limite des barrières horaires en Ultra-Trail : application à l’UTMB® et à la TDS® 2019. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport 2020, 38, 16 -27.
AMA StyleL. Moncelon, G.Y. Millet, L. Poletti, L. Féasson, P. Edouard. Facteurs prédictifs d’abandon chez les coureurs à la limite des barrières horaires en Ultra-Trail : application à l’UTMB® et à la TDS® 2019. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport. 2020; 38 (1):16-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Moncelon; G.Y. Millet; L. Poletti; L. Féasson; P. Edouard. 2020. "Facteurs prédictifs d’abandon chez les coureurs à la limite des barrières horaires en Ultra-Trail : application à l’UTMB® et à la TDS® 2019." Journal de Traumatologie du Sport 38, no. 1: 16-27.
Objective To analyse the data on skydiving deaths and injuries collected prospectively by the French Parachuting Federation (FFP) between 2010 and 2019. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Data on number of skydiving deaths and injuries were collected prospectively between January 2010 and December 2019, among all skydivers licensed to the FFP, via a standardised report form that included the skydiver's sex and level of experience (classified as tandem, student, or experienced), deaths, injuries, and injury location. The number of licensees, jumps, skydiving deaths and injuries were analysed descriptively and expressed as rates per 100000 jumps and per 1000 skydivers with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Among the almost 6.2 million jumps performed by 519620 skydivers over 10 years between 2010 and 2019, 35 deaths and 3015 injuries were reported, corresponding to 0.57 deaths (95%CI 0.38 to 0.75) and 49 injuries (95%CI 47.0 to 50.1) per 100000 jumps. Male skydivers had a five times higher deaths rate than women (RR = 4.8, 95%CI 1.5 to 15.6). There was no death in tandem skydivers. Student skydivers had a six times higher risk of injuries than experienced skydivers (RR = 6.1, 95%CI 5.7 to 6.6) and tandem skydivers had a significant lower risk of injuries than experienced skydivers (RR = 0.07, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.08). 83.3% of the injuries occurred during the landing phase and 64.3% concerned the lower limb. Conclusions This large survey shows that the highest risk of death concerned experienced and male skydivers, and the highest risk of injuries concerned student skydivers. It also shows the safety of tandem skydiving. These results can be of help to develop skydiving-related deaths and injuries risk reduction strategies, and thus improve the global skydiving safety and the skydivers' health.
Caroline Fer; Michel Guiavarch; Pascal Edouard. Epidemiology of skydiving-related deaths and injuries: A 10-years prospective study of 6.2 million jumps between 2010 and 2019 in France. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2020, 24, 448 -453.
AMA StyleCaroline Fer, Michel Guiavarch, Pascal Edouard. Epidemiology of skydiving-related deaths and injuries: A 10-years prospective study of 6.2 million jumps between 2010 and 2019 in France. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2020; 24 (5):448-453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaroline Fer; Michel Guiavarch; Pascal Edouard. 2020. "Epidemiology of skydiving-related deaths and injuries: A 10-years prospective study of 6.2 million jumps between 2010 and 2019 in France." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 24, no. 5: 448-453.
Géraldine Martens; Pascal Edouard; Philippe Tscholl; François Bieuzen; Laurent Winkler; Jan Cabri; Axel Urhausen; Gaël Guilhem; Jean-Louis Croisier; Patricia Thoreux; Suzanne Leclerc; Didier Hannouche; Jean-François Kaux; Sébastien Le Garrec; Romain Seil. Document, create and translate knowledge: the mission of ReFORM, the Francophone IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020, 55, 187 -188.
AMA StyleGéraldine Martens, Pascal Edouard, Philippe Tscholl, François Bieuzen, Laurent Winkler, Jan Cabri, Axel Urhausen, Gaël Guilhem, Jean-Louis Croisier, Patricia Thoreux, Suzanne Leclerc, Didier Hannouche, Jean-François Kaux, Sébastien Le Garrec, Romain Seil. Document, create and translate knowledge: the mission of ReFORM, the Francophone IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; 55 (4):187-188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGéraldine Martens; Pascal Edouard; Philippe Tscholl; François Bieuzen; Laurent Winkler; Jan Cabri; Axel Urhausen; Gaël Guilhem; Jean-Louis Croisier; Patricia Thoreux; Suzanne Leclerc; Didier Hannouche; Jean-François Kaux; Sébastien Le Garrec; Romain Seil. 2020. "Document, create and translate knowledge: the mission of ReFORM, the Francophone IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health." British Journal of Sports Medicine 55, no. 4: 187-188.
Pascal Edouard; Evert Verhagen; Laurent Navarro. Machine learning analyses can be of interest to estimate the risk of injury in sports injury and rehabilitation. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2020, 101431 .
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Evert Verhagen, Laurent Navarro. Machine learning analyses can be of interest to estimate the risk of injury in sports injury and rehabilitation. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020; ():101431.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Evert Verhagen; Laurent Navarro. 2020. "Machine learning analyses can be of interest to estimate the risk of injury in sports injury and rehabilitation." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine , no. : 101431.
Mieux comprendre les conséquences psychologiques d’une blessure et l’influence de celle-ci sur les modifications de comportement et la réalisation d’un programme de prévention semble pertinent pour la prise en charge thérapeutique et dans une optique de prévention. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette présente étude a donc été (1) d’analyser la perception des blessures par les athlètes, et (2) d’analyser l’influence de celles-ci sur la réalisation de mesures de prévention. Nous avons conduit une étude observationnelle quantitative rétrospective nationale de recueil du ressenti des athlètes de compétition licenciés à la Fédération française d’athlétisme vis-à-vis de leurs antécédents de blessures, leur perception de la blessure et les programmes de prévention des blessures, par un questionnaire informatique envoyé aux athlètes au printemps 2020. Au total, 7712 réponses d’athlètes ont été incluses dans cette analyse, incluant 37 % de femmes et 63 % d’hommes, âgés de 37,9 ± 14,8 ans (de 18 à 87 ans), allant de niveau international à départemental, couvrant toutes les disciplines de l’athlétisme. Soixante-dix pour cent des athlètes n’avaient jamais réalisé de programme de prévention des blessures durant leur carrière, alors que 30 % estimaient en avoir suivi un de manière partielle ou totale. Quatre-vingt dix pour cent des athlètes avaient eu au moins une blessure depuis le début de leur pratique. Les sportifs rapportaient qu’une blessure engendrait une tristesse, une frustration, un dégoût et une préoccupation de se refaire mal au même endroit. Ils étaient conscients qu’une mauvaise prise en charge pouvait entraîner une récidive ou une nouvelle blessure. Les athlètes avec antécédent de blessure réalisaient significativement plus un programme de prévention des lésions que ceux ne s’étant jamais blessés. Ceux s’étant déjà blessés croyaient en l’efficacité des programmes de prévention, davantage que ceux sans antécédent de blessure. En revanche, il n’y avait pas de différence de perception de l’intérêt de mesures préventives telles que l’hygiène de vie, l’écoute de son corps, de ses douleurs et de sa fatigue entre les athlètes avec et sans antécédent de blessures. Une blessure peut entraîner des conséquences psychologiques non négligeables pour l’athlète. Ses répercussions sont importantes à prendre en compte dans la prise en charge globale des lésions. Better understanding the psychological consequences of an injury and its influence on behavior changes and the implementation of a prevention program seems relevant for injury management (treatment and prevention). Thus, the objective of this present study was (1) to analyze the perception of injury by athletes, and (2) to analyze their influence on the realization of injury prevention measures. We conducted a national retrospective quantitative observational study to collect the feelings of competitive athletes licensed to the French Athletics Federation with respect to their injury history, their perception of the injury and the injury prevention programs, through a computer survey sent to athletes in spring 2020. In all, 7712 responses from athletes were included in this analysis, including 37% women and 63% men, aged 37.9 ± 14.8 years (18 to 87 years), ranging from international to departmental level, covering all disciplines of athletics. Seventy percent of athletes had never completed an injury prevention program in their career, while 30% felt they had partially or fully completed one. Ninety percent of the athletes had had at least one injury since starting athletics. Athletes reported that an injury created sadness, frustration, disgust, and a worry about getting hurt in one place. They were aware that poor management of an injury could lead to a recurrence or a new injury. Athletes with a history of injury performed significantly more injury prevention program than those with no injury history. Athletes with previous injury believed in the effectiveness of injury prevention programs more than those without. On the other hand, there was no difference in the perception of the interest of preventive measures such as a healthy lifestyle, listening to your body, pain and fatigue between athletes with and without a history of injuries. We have reported that an injury can have significant psychological consequences on the athlete. These repercussions are important to consider in the overall management of injuries, e.g. in the treatment, return to the field and prevention of injuries.
M. Sorg; A. Ruffault; S. Martin; C. Hanon; L. Jacquet; E. Verhagen; P. Edouard. Étude sur la perception des blessures par les athlètes et leurs influences sur la réalisation de mesures de prévention des blessures en athlétisme. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport 2020, 37, 193 -200.
AMA StyleM. Sorg, A. Ruffault, S. Martin, C. Hanon, L. Jacquet, E. Verhagen, P. Edouard. Étude sur la perception des blessures par les athlètes et leurs influences sur la réalisation de mesures de prévention des blessures en athlétisme. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport. 2020; 37 (4):193-200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sorg; A. Ruffault; S. Martin; C. Hanon; L. Jacquet; E. Verhagen; P. Edouard. 2020. "Étude sur la perception des blessures par les athlètes et leurs influences sur la réalisation de mesures de prévention des blessures en athlétisme." Journal de Traumatologie du Sport 37, no. 4: 193-200.
Confinement measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused substantial reductions in global physical activity (PA) levels. In view of the manifold health benefits of PA, the development of interventions counteracting this trend is paramount. Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. More than two-thirds of the sample (68.4%, n = 10,433) indicated being interested in home exercise, and most participants were willing to work out at least three times per week (89.3%, n = 9328). Binary logistic regression revealed that female sex, working part-time, younger age, and being registered in a gym were associated with willingness to exercise. Flexibility (71.1%, n = 7377), resistance (68.6%, n = 7116), and endurance training (62.4%, n = 6478) were the most preferred types of exercise. Our results may guide health providers in developing individually tailored PA interventions during the current and future pandemics.
Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Ramirez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; David Url; Mandy Zhang; Mireille Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Karsten Hollander; Luiz Hespanhol; Gustavo Yuki. Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6515 .
AMA StyleJan Wilke, Lisa Mohr, Adam Tenforde, Pascal Edouard, Chiara Fossati, Marcela González-Gross, Celso Ramirez, Fernando Laiño, Benedict Tan, Julian Pillay, Fabio Pigozzi, David Jimenez-Pavon, Bernhard Novak, David Url, Mandy Zhang, Mireille Poppel, Christoph Heidt, Steffen Willwacher, Lutz Vogt, Evert Verhagen, Karsten Hollander, Luiz Hespanhol, Gustavo Yuki. Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Ramirez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; David Url; Mandy Zhang; Mireille Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Karsten Hollander; Luiz Hespanhol; Gustavo Yuki. 2020. "Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6515.
Objectives To analyse the potential association between in-competition injuries and performance success (determined as "winning a medal") in combined events during international athletics championships. Methods Newly incurred injuries were prospectively reported daily by the national medical teams and/or by the local organising committee physicians during 18 international athletics championships. Participation, climatic conditions and performance (medals) were collected retrospectively from the internet. Potential association between injury and performance success (win a medal) were analysed using an adjusted stepwise multiple regression and risk indicators presented as Odd Ratios (OR) (95%CI). Then, the proportions of injured competing athletes were descriptively presented among ranked and dropped-out, and medallist and non-medallist athletes. Results A total of 799 athletes competed in combined events during the included 18 championships, of these 134 (16.8%) had at least one injury. An adjusted stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that in-competition injury was significantly associated with lower odds of winning a medal (OR=0.45 (95% CI 0.20–0.88)). The proportion of injured athletes was higher among the dropped-out than among the ranked athletes, and among non-medallists than medallists. Design This was a total population design. Conclusions During international athletics championships, being injured during a combined events competition was associated with lower odds of winning a medal. Injury prevention could contribute to improve performance success.
Pascal Edouard; Laurent Navarro; Jacques Pruvost; Pedro Branco; Astrid Junge. In-competition injuries and performance success in combined events during major international athletics championships. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2020, 24, 152 -158.
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Laurent Navarro, Jacques Pruvost, Pedro Branco, Astrid Junge. In-competition injuries and performance success in combined events during major international athletics championships. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2020; 24 (2):152-158.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Laurent Navarro; Jacques Pruvost; Pedro Branco; Astrid Junge. 2020. "In-competition injuries and performance success in combined events during major international athletics championships." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 24, no. 2: 152-158.
Pascal Edouard; Kathrin Steffen; Laurent Navarro; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen. Methods matter: instrumental variable analysis may be a complementary approach to intention-to-treat analysis and as treated analysis when analysing data from sports injury trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020, 1 .
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Kathrin Steffen, Laurent Navarro, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen. Methods matter: instrumental variable analysis may be a complementary approach to intention-to-treat analysis and as treated analysis when analysing data from sports injury trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Kathrin Steffen; Laurent Navarro; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen. 2020. "Methods matter: instrumental variable analysis may be a complementary approach to intention-to-treat analysis and as treated analysis when analysing data from sports injury trials." British Journal of Sports Medicine , no. : 1.
Great Challenges Toward Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Pascal Edouard; Kevin R. Ford. Great Challenges Toward Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2020, 2, 1 .
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Kevin R. Ford. Great Challenges Toward Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2020; 2 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Kevin R. Ford. 2020. "Great Challenges Toward Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2, no. : 1.
We aimed to determine whether an Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP), targeting the most common athletics injuries, can reduce the occurrence of injury complaints that lead to restrictions in athletics participation (participation restriction injury complaints) in the short (12 weeks) and long (40 weeks) terms. For our 40-week prospective cohort study (level of evidence 2), we invited inter-regional and national-level athletes to regularly perform the AIPP, which included 8 exercises addressing core stability, hamstring, leg and pelvic muscles strengthening and stretching, and balance exercises. A Cox regression was used to analyse the influence of AIPP on the occurrence of participation restriction injury complaint, adjusted to sex, age, height, body mass, discipline, and history of injury complaints during the preceding season, individual response rate, mean weekly training time, mean weekly number of competition, presented by hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). At 12 weeks (n = 62 athletes), the AIPP was significantly associated with a lower risk of participation restriction injury complaint HR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.86), p = 0.02 and HR = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.73), p = 0.009, with cumulative weeks and cumulative training time as time scale, respectively, while at 40 weeks (n = 53 athletes) there was no significant association. An 8-exercise injury prevention programme can effectively help to reduce occurrence of injury complaints that would restrict an athlete’s participation in athletics in the short term.
Pascal Edouard; Emmanuelle Cugy; Romain Dolin; Nicolas Morel; Jean-Michel Serra; Frédéric Depiesse; Pedro Branco; Kathrin Steffen. The Athletics Injury Prevention Programme Can Help to Reduce the Occurrence at Short Term of Participation Restriction Injury Complaints in Athletics: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sports 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Emmanuelle Cugy, Romain Dolin, Nicolas Morel, Jean-Michel Serra, Frédéric Depiesse, Pedro Branco, Kathrin Steffen. The Athletics Injury Prevention Programme Can Help to Reduce the Occurrence at Short Term of Participation Restriction Injury Complaints in Athletics: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sports. 2020; 8 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Emmanuelle Cugy; Romain Dolin; Nicolas Morel; Jean-Michel Serra; Frédéric Depiesse; Pedro Branco; Kathrin Steffen. 2020. "The Athletics Injury Prevention Programme Can Help to Reduce the Occurrence at Short Term of Participation Restriction Injury Complaints in Athletics: A Prospective Cohort Study." Sports 8, no. 6: 1.
P. Edouard; F. Bieuzen; J. Cabri; J.L. Croisier; J.R. Filliard; B. Forthomme; G. Guilhem; D. Hannouche; J.F. Kaux; S. Leclerc; S. Le Garrec; P. Le Van; R. Seil; P. Thoreux; J.F. Toussaint; P. Tscholl; A. Urhausen. L’union fait la force ! Le réseau francophone ReFORM est reconnu par le CIO pour faire avancer la prévention des blessures et la protection de la santé des athlètes. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport 2020, 37, 65 -66.
AMA StyleP. Edouard, F. Bieuzen, J. Cabri, J.L. Croisier, J.R. Filliard, B. Forthomme, G. Guilhem, D. Hannouche, J.F. Kaux, S. Leclerc, S. Le Garrec, P. Le Van, R. Seil, P. Thoreux, J.F. Toussaint, P. Tscholl, A. Urhausen. L’union fait la force ! Le réseau francophone ReFORM est reconnu par le CIO pour faire avancer la prévention des blessures et la protection de la santé des athlètes. Journal de Traumatologie du Sport. 2020; 37 (2):65-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Edouard; F. Bieuzen; J. Cabri; J.L. Croisier; J.R. Filliard; B. Forthomme; G. Guilhem; D. Hannouche; J.F. Kaux; S. Leclerc; S. Le Garrec; P. Le Van; R. Seil; P. Thoreux; J.F. Toussaint; P. Tscholl; A. Urhausen. 2020. "L’union fait la force ! Le réseau francophone ReFORM est reconnu par le CIO pour faire avancer la prévention des blessures et la protection de la santé des athlètes." Journal de Traumatologie du Sport 37, no. 2: 65-66.
ObjectiveTo analyse differences between athletic disciplines in the frequency and characteristics of injuries during international athletics championships.MethodsStudy design, injury definition and data collection procedures were similar during the 14 international championships (2007–2018). National medical teams and local organising committee physicians reported all newly incurred injuries daily on a standardised injury report form. Results were presented as number of injuries and number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes, separately for male and female athletes, and for each discipline.ResultsFrom a total of 8925 male and 7614 female registered athletes, 928 injuries were reported in male and 597 in female athletes. The discipline accounting for the highest proportion of injuries was sprints, for both men (24%) and women (26%). The number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes varied between disciplines for men and women: highest in combined events for male athletes (235 (95% CI 189 to 281)) and female athletes (212 (95% CI 166 to 257)), and lowest for male throwers (47 (95% CI 35 to 59)) and female throwers (32 (95% CI 21 to 43)) and for female race walkers (42 (95% CI 19 to 66)). Injury characteristics varied significantly between disciplines for location, type, cause and severity in male and female athletes. Thigh muscle injuries were the main diagnoses in the disciplines sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and race walking, lower leg muscle injuries in marathon running, lower leg skin injury in middle and long distance running, and trunk muscle and lower leg muscle injuries in throws.ConclusionsInjury characteristics differed substantially between disciplines during international athletics championships. Strategies for medical service provision (eg, staff, facilities) during athletics championships should be discipline specific and be prepared for targeting the main injuries in each discipline.
Pascal Edouard; Laurent Navarro; Pedro Branco; Vincent Gremeaux; Toomas Timpka; Astrid Junge. Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (‘track and field’) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007–2018): implications for medical service planning. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2019, 54, 159 -167.
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Laurent Navarro, Pedro Branco, Vincent Gremeaux, Toomas Timpka, Astrid Junge. Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (‘track and field’) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007–2018): implications for medical service planning. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2019; 54 (3):159-167.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Laurent Navarro; Pedro Branco; Vincent Gremeaux; Toomas Timpka; Astrid Junge. 2019. "Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (‘track and field’) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007–2018): implications for medical service planning." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 3: 159-167.
Background: In high-level adult athletes, injury incidences and characteristics have been reported during international championships and during one season. Youth track and field athletes are also exposed to injury risk, although less information is available on this specific population, as well as on illness risk. Aim: To determine the prevalence of health problems (i.e., illnesses, acute, and overuse injuries) in high level Youth and Junior Track & Field athletes. Method: During the 2015–16 athletics season (30 weeks from December 2015 to July 2016), we conducted a prospective cohort study on a population of Youth and Junior Irish national level athletes, during which athletes were asked to complete a weekly web-based questionnaire (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems) regarding their health problems. Results: A total of 70 athletes participated (37 male and 33 female athletes), with an average weekly response rate of 71%. The average weekly prevalence for all athletes was 27% (95%CI 17 to 38%) for all health problems, and 11% (95%CI 3 to 18%) for substantial health problems. Average prevalence varied significantly between endurance and explosive disciplines: a higher prevalence of all and substantial health problems and all and substantial overuse injuries was found in endurance disciplines. A higher prevalence of acute injuries was found in explosive disciplines. Characteristics of acute and overuse injuries differed according to sex and discipline: hamstring strain/cramps/spasms was the main injuries in explosive disciplines, and knee tendinopathy and lower leg strain/cramp/spasms in endurance disciplines, trunk cramps/spasms being frequent in both disciplines. Upper respiratory tract problems were the most commonly reported illnesses regardless of sex and disciplines. Conclusion: This study provides important information regarding the extent of health problem in Youth and Junior track and field athletes. This could help orient injury prevention measures. For injuries, it should be focused on muscle injuries, especially located on the hamstring, calf, and trunk. For illness, prevention measures could include: screening tests for airway problems, but also general illness prevention measures (e.g., drinking regularly, eating “safe” food, regular hand washing, decreasing contact with sick people, avoiding dehydration).
Paul Carragher; Alan Rankin; Pascal Edouard. A One-Season Prospective Study of Illnesses, Acute, and Overuse Injuries in Elite Youth and Junior Track and Field Athletes. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2019, 1, 1 .
AMA StylePaul Carragher, Alan Rankin, Pascal Edouard. A One-Season Prospective Study of Illnesses, Acute, and Overuse Injuries in Elite Youth and Junior Track and Field Athletes. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2019; 1 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Carragher; Alan Rankin; Pascal Edouard. 2019. "A One-Season Prospective Study of Illnesses, Acute, and Overuse Injuries in Elite Youth and Junior Track and Field Athletes." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 1, no. : 1.
Background: Pole vault is a highly demanding sport where many physical and technical requirements are engaged in performance process. Considering level of energy transferred from athlete's horizontal speed to the pole during pole bending, we can imagine that associated musculoskeletal tensions, in addition to trials accumulation, can increase the risk of (specific) injuries. Given the multiple morphological, physical and technical characteristics of vaulters and ways of pole vaulting, we can hypothesis that some patterns of pole vaults can lead to higher injury risk than others. Aim: To analyze the potential association between the biomechanical patterns of pole vault and the history of injuries. Method: We conducted a study over national-level pole vaulters including the prospective collection of pole vault biomechanical data during competition at the national elite indoor championship and youth national indoor championship (U17 and U20), associated with the retrospective collection of their injuries during the 12 preceding months through an online questionnaire. Results: Among the 88 pole vaulters participating in these championships, 62 (70.5%) accepted to participated in this study, and their pole vault biomechanical and injury data were collected. 77.4% reported having presented at least one injury during the 12 preceding months. One biomechanical parameter related to the take-off phase (lower H2, i.e., height of the grip (superior) hand from the ground when the athlete subsequently took off from the ground) and some biomechanical parameters related to the terminal phase of the run-up phase (higher Spd [i.e., speed between 10 and 5 meters to the box), SLadj (last stride adjustment), SLvar (stride length variation), tc (contact time)] were significantly associated with higher proportions of all injuries. Conclusion: Biomechanical pole vault patterns during the competition day were associated with a higher proportion of history of all injuries. Although the injury data collection was retrospective leading to recall bias risk, and do not allow determining cause-consequence relationships regarding biomechanical patterns and injury occurrence, this present study is the first to analyze potential association between the biomechanical pole vault patterns and injury occurrence, which is of great help to provide hypotheses/ideas to design future studies and to move forward into prevention measures.
Pascal Edouard; Hervé Sanchez; Cyprien Bourrilhon; Sébastien Homo; Julien Frère; Johan Cassirame. Biomechanical Pole Vault Patterns Were Associated With a Higher Proportion of Injuries. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2019, 1, 1 .
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Hervé Sanchez, Cyprien Bourrilhon, Sébastien Homo, Julien Frère, Johan Cassirame. Biomechanical Pole Vault Patterns Were Associated With a Higher Proportion of Injuries. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2019; 1 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Hervé Sanchez; Cyprien Bourrilhon; Sébastien Homo; Julien Frère; Johan Cassirame. 2019. "Biomechanical Pole Vault Patterns Were Associated With a Higher Proportion of Injuries." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 1, no. : 1.
Participating or winning a medal in major track and field (athletics) competitions is the goal of every athlete. However, health problems can impair sports performance and affect this dream. Therefore, we present ten tips to help hurdle the challenges of illness/injury at major athletics championships: (1) Prepare for travel (medical checking, vaccine, time-zone, jet lag, culture, food habits…), (2) Respect athlete characteristics and discipline specificity (sex, endurance/explosive), (3) Educate athletes and their entourages regarding prevention, (4) Vigilance of painful symptoms and subclinical illness markers, (5) Avoid infection risk (washing hands, safe food and drink, avoid contact with sick people…), (6) Train appropriately and optimally (physical conditioning, technical training, load management, and psychological preparation), (7) Health status (history of previous injuries, well-being in the month before championships), (8) Lifestyle (good sleep, regular hydration and nutrition with safe water/food, regular fruits and vegetables, improve recovery strategies…), (9) Environmental considerations (heat, cold, air cleaning, changes or climatic conditions…), (10) Safety (equipment, rules, own-practice in athletics, and extra-sport activities). These ten tips “PREVATHLES” are based on our field experience in addition to existing epidemiological and experimental literature in athletics and other sports. Although there is currently no scientific evidence for their efficacy, sound judgement, and logical practice provide a strong basis, and given the low risk of using them in the benefit/risk balance, we suggest athletes and those around them follow these ten tips to limit the impact of injury/illness on championship performance.
Pascal Edouard; Andy Richardson; Andrew Murray; Jennifer Duncan; Danny Glover; Marianna Kiss; Frédéric Depiesse; Pedro Branco. Ten Tips to Hurdle the Injuries and Illnesses During Major Athletics Championships: Practical Recommendations and Resources. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2019, 1, 1 .
AMA StylePascal Edouard, Andy Richardson, Andrew Murray, Jennifer Duncan, Danny Glover, Marianna Kiss, Frédéric Depiesse, Pedro Branco. Ten Tips to Hurdle the Injuries and Illnesses During Major Athletics Championships: Practical Recommendations and Resources. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2019; 1 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePascal Edouard; Andy Richardson; Andrew Murray; Jennifer Duncan; Danny Glover; Marianna Kiss; Frédéric Depiesse; Pedro Branco. 2019. "Ten Tips to Hurdle the Injuries and Illnesses During Major Athletics Championships: Practical Recommendations and Resources." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 1, no. : 1.