Background: Cephalometry is fundamental in diagnosis, analysis, and planning of orthodontic-surgical treatment as it reveals skeletal relationship between the upper and lower jaw as well as facial aesthetic parameters. Nevertheless, 3D cephalometry has still not become the exam of choice in orthognathic treatment even though today CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) is routinely used in other branches of dentistry. Methods: In a sample of 13 patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery a chin-vertex CBCT exam was prescribed prior to orthodontic treatment (OT) and 12 months after surgery (T1). The DICOM files uploaded to MaterialiseSimplant Ortho software pro 2.1 (Materialise Co., Leuven, Belgium) were analyzed following the multiplane 3D Total Face cephalometry protocol (TFA). Results: Results comparing pre-op and post-op TFA 3D cephalometry, were then evaluated considering reference values reported in literature. The CBCT, carried out pre- and post-surgery, were subsequently analyzed employing the superimposition method using cranial base as reference. The aim of this study is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods in orthognathic surgery. Conclusions: Multiplane 3D TFA allows the clinician to locate where major or minor skeletal discrepancies are found with respect to ideal parameters and is also useful in classifying skeletal intermaxillary relation. The superimposition method is highly intuitive but does not provide information on the quantity and location of osteotomic movement.

The aim of this study is to propose a 3D skeletal classification and relative normal values of reference. Method: from a pool of 271 cone-beam computerized tomography images 108 chin-summit examinations of the skull were selected and divided into 3 traditional skeletal classes. The same Cone-beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images were then assessed using the cephalometric multiplanar analysis following the total face approach protocol. Results: the results of this study indicate standard 3D cephalometric norms for the vertical and sagittal evaluation of the skull. Conclusions: data obtained from our measurements allowed the creation of intervals supplying nosological classification that could be used in orthodontics, orthognatic surgery and implant surgery in fully edentulous patients.

Introduction: Aligners represent a common treatment for orthodontic patients thanks to their countless advantages including aesthetics, comfort, and oral hygiene maintenance; at the same time, they are associated with a reduced number of visits and a low incidence of complications. Although aligners have undergone considerable improvements over time, to date they have limitations in resolving the most serious malocclusions related to transverse maxillary deficiency. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate an orthodontic protocol (the Nuvola^® OP System) which associates a morpho-functional corrector (to be used for 30 min/day) with the aligner, allowing for the treatment of cases that would be difficult or unpredictable with aligners alone. Methods: Linear measurements were taken on STL files of 100 patients. In 77 patients between 18 and 55 years (mean 28.6 ± 16.2 (standard deviation) years), 3D superimpositions of the maxilla obtained from intraoral scans before and after treatment were performed in order to evaluate the degree of maxillary expansion. The normality of the data distribution was tested. The pre- and post-treatment data were compared using a paired t-test with a 5% significance level. After treatment, a questionnaire was proposed to assess patients’ degree of satisfaction and compliance. Results: A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) for each distance evaluated was found. The maximum expansion was obtained at the first molar level (2.35 ± 1.64 mm). Of the subjects who completed the questionnaire, 96% were satisfied and 90% were able to perform the protocol without difficulty for the required duration. Conclusions: A significant expansion of the maxillary arch as well as a high degree of patient satisfaction and compliance were observed with the Nuvola^® OP System. Further studies are needed in order to clinically evaluate the relative contribution of the aligners and morpho-functional device to the obtained expansion.

Background/Objectives: The nature, diameter, and cross-section of orthodontic archwires affect tooth movement and the surrounding alveolar bone. Researchers have explored different features of archwires to optimize treatment outcomes. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the properties of the I-arch for its effects on alveolar bone height, dehiscence, fenestration, and treatment duration. Methods: Forty patients (eight males, and thirty-two females; mean age: 20.97 ± 2.41 years) with dental crowding ≤ 6 mm and Class I malocclusion were treated without extractions. They were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG, n = 20), treated with the I-arch, and the control group (CG, n = 20), treated with traditional archwires of the MBT technique. Two CBCT scans were taken for each patient, one before treatment (T0) and one after leveling (T2). The studied teeth were upper and lower centrals, canines, and second premolars. The treatment duration was measured across three periods: T0–T1, T1–T2, and T0–T2. Results: Alveolar bone resorption, dehiscence, and fenestration were lower in the EG. Total treatment duration (T0–T2) was similar between groups, but the first period (T0–T1) was significantly shorter in the EG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The I-arch resulted in fewer side effects on alveolar bone height during leveling and alignment.

(1) Background: Esthetic regenerative medicine is increasingly in demand for facial and neck rejuvenation due to its proven efficacy, safety profile, and minimal downtime. This study aimed to evaluate the role of standardized assessment tools in optimizing the outcomes of non-invasive regenerative esthetic technologies, both during the treatment course and in follow-up. (2) Methods: A literature review of the main articles published in peer-reviewed journals was conducted to identify high-quality studies addressing the use of validated esthetic scales and questionnaires (patient-reported outcomes) for evaluating the effectiveness of non-invasive regenerative treatments for the face and neck using accessible clinical tools such as photographs and 3D facial scanning. (3) Results: Clinician-reported outcomes (CROs) can be collected using standardized and reproducible photographic documentation and facial scans. The esthetic scales and classifications target both specific facial areas (e.g., upper third, perioral, periorbital) and overall skin appearance. Furthermore, advanced software allows overlay facial scan analysis and wrinkle mapping for precise quantification of improvements. In addition to objective CROs, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) offer essential insights into perceived esthetic changes, satisfaction, and emotional well-being, completing a multidimensional evaluation of treatment efficacy. (4) Conclusions: Standardized evaluation protocols based on accessible tools such as clinical photographs, 3D facial scans, and validated PRO questionnaires are essential for guiding effective, personalized regenerative treatments. Their integration into routine practice enhances clinical decision-making and patient satisfaction. While advanced tools like dermal probes may further refine assessments, they require specific expertise and resources and may be less practical for daily clinical use.

Introduction: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a widely used non-invasive esthetic treatment for facial/neck rejuvenation, inducing thermal coagulation for neocollagenesis. Despite its general safety, its non-optimal application risks neurological adverse events like tinnitus, trigeminal neuralgia, and headaches. Materials and Methods: Out of a pool of 124 patients treated with HIFU (Dual Hi; Med & Tech, Occhiobello, Italy) by experienced esthetic clinicians, four patients developed neurological or otological disturbances, which are presented as descriptive clinical case reports. These included acute tinnitus, exacerbation of pre-existing tinnitus, trigeminal neuralgia during treatment, and post-procedural headaches. To contextualize the clinical findings, relevant published literature on neurological adverse events associated with esthetic HIFU was reviewed in a non-systematic manner using major scientific databases, and used to support descriptive clinical interpretation rather than formal systematic analysis. Results: Rare transient events include acute tinnitus post-HIFU; exacerbated pre-existing tinnitus; trigeminal neuralgia during a procedure; and post-session headaches. Potential mechanisms might include thermal and mechanical nerve injury adjacent to the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS); all cases resolved successfully through tailored approaches—spontaneous resolution, corticosteroids plus hyperbaric oxygen therapy, analgesics, or ibuprofen. Conclusions: Neurological adverse effects from esthetic HIFU are uncommon/self-limiting but underscore the need for operator training, anatomical expertise, and patient history screening. Standardized protocols are essential for safety.